I use the unanticipated and large additional tariffs the US imposed on European Union products due to the Airbus‐Boeing conflict to analyse how exporters reacted to a change in trade policy. Using ...firm‐level data for Spain and applying a difference‐in‐differences methodology, I show that the export revenue in the US of the firms affected by the tariff hike did not significantly decrease relative to the one of other Spanish exporters to the US. I show that Spanish exporters were able to neutralise the increase in tariffs by substituting Spanish products with products originated in countries unaffected by tariffs and shifting to varieties not affected by tariffs. My results show that tariff avoidance is another margin exporters can use to counteract the effects of a tariff hike.
Der Beitrag untersucht die staatliche Unterstützung des Airbus-Projekts in Großbritannien und der Bundesrepublik von den 1960er bis zu den 1980er Jahren. Mit dem Passagierflugzeugbau wird eine ...„Zukunftsindustrie“ in den Blick genommen, die im Strukturwandel dieser Jahrzehnte technologie- und beschäftigungspolitische Hoffnungen auf sich zog und gleichzeitig hochgradig subventionsabhängig war. Nach einer kurzen Erörterung der Trends und Grenzen eines quantitativen Vergleichs werden Formen, Umfang und Motive der finanziellen Förderung der verschiedenen Airbus-Modelle im diachronen Vergleich verfolgt. In beiden Ländern zeigen sich dabei deutliche Kontinuitäten über die verschiedenen Regierungswechsel hinweg und vielfach ähnliche Motivlagen. Die dennoch signifikant höhere Subventionsbereitschaft der bundesdeutschen Regierungen lässt sich, so das Ergebnis, nicht allein aus den nationalen Koordinierungsweisen der Industriepolitik erklären, die sich wiederum verschiedenen „Varieties of Capitalism“ zuordnen lassen. Hinzu kamen unterschiedliche Branchenstrukturen und spezifische außenpolitische Konstellationen.
The present research was designed to provide evidence into why and when Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) occur and pose a threat to aviation safety. Specifically, the goal was to understand how ...causal illusions interact with perceptual biases with and without irrational reasoning. A total of 408 airline pilots participated in an experiment using Airbus® aircraft TCAS/ROSE simulators. Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM), controlling for the effects of fatigue and flight hours. Results indicated that causal illusions were 82.4% predictive of UAP sightings only when magical inference was present. Our experimental evidence shows that UAPs may be explained as cognitive biases and would pose a threat to aviation safety if pilots—or even aircraft AIs—were to detect them in an irrational way (e.g., as alien objects). A novel theorization that integrates major perception, clinical, and cognition models is offered. Additionally, the authors discuss the implications for aviation safety and determine when a UAP sighting may pose a real danger on a commercial flight.
•For the first time, UAPs have been introduced into Airbus® simulators to analyze pilots' reactions.•Our model forecasts over 80% of the variance in UAP sightings.•We propose criteria based on causal illusions to assess how pilots' UAP decisions risk aviation.
There is a duopoly in the global civil aircraft industry. The market for the production of passenger aircraft is mainly divided between companies such as Boeing and Airbus. This work describes the ...history of the creation and activities of both companies throughout their existence, as well as the trends in their activities today, related to external events. Competition between these companies is quite high and exists due to a number of certain factors. The results of this competition are the position of each of the companies in the market, which is reflected in their production and financial indicators and reflects the overall situation in the market for the production of civil aircraft. Also, this work allows us to identify future trends in the activities of these manufacturers, and, accordingly, the entire industry as a whole.
•A model considering passengers’ behaviors was built for aircraft evacuation.•Disaster levels are introduced to describe passengers’ anxiety.•The effect of luggage retrieval and overtaking in ...aircraft evacuation was analyzed.•Different effects of these behaviors in different aircraft parts were studied.
The irrational behaviors of passengers due to panic and anxiety during actual evacuations are challenging to be fully controlled by the crew. These behaviors may lead to the inefficiency of actual evacuation. This research builds a cabin evacuation model considering passengers’ luggage retrieval and overtaking behaviors based on cellular automata to improve the safety of aviation passengers.. The model introduces disaster levels to describe passengers’ anxiety and implements the “faster-is-slower” effect. Two possible overtaking routes are proposed, and we explored the effect of overtaking and retrieving luggage. The result shows that both overtaking and luggage retrieval negatively impact evacuation efficiency, and the impact of baggage retrieving is greater than overtaking. However, overtaking can essentially eliminate the influence of baggage retrieving. The effect of prohibiting irrational behaviors in different cabin compartments is analyzed to simulate crews’ guidance. The results show that the crew's enhanced guidance of the second part is the most effective.
In order to meet the demand of cadmium substitution for civil aircraft, the differences of galvanized nickel process requirements in Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier and other famous aircraft manufacturer ...were analyzed, and the NZ - 70 series alkaline galvanized nickel solution electroplating samples widely used in China were tested. Results showed that NZ - 70 galvanized nickel solution could meet the enterprise requirements of Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier, and American aerospace material specifications for galvanized nickel adhesion, corrosion resistance, nickel content, hydrogen embrittlement. In addition, the hydrogen leakage of the coating was not lower than the performance requirements of cyanide cadmium and titanium plating, which could replace the imported solution for the surface protection of high - strength steel parts of civil aircraft.
This study explores the dynamics of entry, survival, and exit of large long-haul aircraft in China's burgeoning air transport market, focusing on the Airbus 380 and Boeing 747–8I as case studies. ...Utilizing rare events logistic regression and the time-dependent Cox regression model, the determinants of route entrance and survival for these aircraft from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed. The data is based on the flight plans of pertinent air routes and aircraft. Key findings include: (1) Both aircraft types favored entry into home-airfield-related, long-haul routes with a substantial existing flight volume. (2) Both aircraft exhibited prolonged survival on international long-haul routes, especially when airlines used them to bolster market share with consistent frequency. (3) Without the home-airfield advantage enjoyed by Air China, China Southern Airlines trialed the Airbus 380 on multiple occasions. Notably, if the Airbus 380 maintains operation on a route for at least 16 weeks, it demonstrates a lower likelihood of exit compared to the Boeing 747–8I.
Drawing on collective myopia as a lens, we explore the infamous Airbus bribery scandal to show how the executives of the global aircraft manufacturer, through their actions and behaviours, ...institutionalised the payment of bribes to secure contracts. Data for the inquiry consist of publicly available court‐approved documents, company website and internal emails, and newspaper articles on the scandal. Unpacking the bribery scheme operated by Airbus, we found that bribing of foreign government officials and airline executives to secure contracts was part and parcel of the firm's organising strategy. In this regard, the organising practices of Airbus actively encouraged employees to break its own bribery compliance policies which they employed as smokescreens to cover their illegal activities. Building on our findings, we developed a collective myopic‐bribery framework outlining how the collective myopia in organising drove the bribery activities at Airbus. The implications of the findings for theory and practice are outlined.
Abstrak Otoritas Bandara Radin Inten II merenovasi bandara mulai dari memperpanjang landasan pacu serta memperluas apron dan bangunan terminalnya. Landasan pacu diperpanjang dari sebelumnya 2.500 m ...menjadi 3.000 m. Pengembangan ini dilakukan karena Bandara Radin Inten II dipilih menjadi embarkasi haji penuh dan juga karena adanya potensi peningkatan aktivitas bandara setiap tahunnya. Bandara juga harus mampu mengakomodasi pesawat Airbus A330-200 dan A330-300 untuk meningkatkan kapasitas penumpang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi kondisi yang ada dari Bandara Radin Inten II dan menganalisis apakah landasan pacu di Bandara Radin Inten II dapat mengakomodasi Airbus A330-200 dan A330-300. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kegiatan penumpang dan kargo. Selanjutnya, Bandara Radin Inten II dapat melayani jenis pesawat Airbus A330-200 dengan panjang landasan pacu yang dibutuhkan 2.753 m untuk pesawat tersebut, sedangkan pesawat A330-300 tidak dapat dilayani karena pesawat ini membutuhkan panjang landasan 3100 m untuk lepas landas dan mendarat dengan aman. Abstract The 2nd Radin Inten Airport authorities renovate its airport starting from extending the runway as well as expanding the apron and its terminal building. The runway was extended from previously 2,500 m to 3,000 m. The development was due to the 2nd Radin Inten Airport was chosen to become a full hajj embarkation and also due to a potential increase in airport activity every year. The airport also must be able to accommodate the Airbus A330-200 and A330-300 aircraft to increase passenger capacity. The study was conducted by evaluate the existing conditions of the 2nd Radin Inten Airport and analyse whether the runway at the 2nd Radin Inten Airport can accomodate the Airbus A330-200 and A330-300. The results of the analysis showed that there were significant increases in the passenger and cargo activities. Furthermore, 2nd Radin Inten Airport can serve Airbus A330-200 aircraft types with the required runway length of 2,753 m for such aircraft, while the A330 aircraft -300 unable to be served because this aircraft requires 3,100 m runway length in order to take-off and landing safely.
This article contributes to the ongoing discussion on unfair government support for the world's major civil aircraft producers, Airbus and Boeing. In a logit setting, we identify political (and ...economic) determinants of airlines' decision to buy either Airbus or American brand-new wide-bodies in the market's formative period. We find evidence for political determinants at work not only for Airbus, but - to an even greater extent - also for the American manufacturers, such as home bias.
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