The aim of the research is to measure the effect of students' use of the strategy of writing questions and answering them on their achievement performance. The researcher used the achievement test to ...measure the differences between variables, and checked the research tool from validity-consistency-experimental application. But for the implementation of the research experiment, the students were divided into three groups, namely: The experimental group 1 (generating questions and answering them by the learners in groups), the experimental group 2 (forming and answering the questions of the learners individually), and the control group (forming questions by the teacher). In addition, the researcher used the mean and standard deviation to answer the research question and compare student performance in all three research groups. The results showed that there were significant differences between the averages of the research groups, as the experimental group 2 achieved a higher average (26,474) than the experimental group 1 (24,333) and the control group (24,857).
A new method for the analysis of a multivariate dataset depending on several factors is proposed. It is called AoV-PLS (Analysis of VariancePLS). It is based on the decomposition of the dataset into ...the main effects, the interactions effects and possibly the residual matrix using a model akin to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Each effect is considered in turn and assessed through the use of a Partial Least Square regression (PLS-regression). The connection of AoV-PLS to competing methods such as ANOVA-PCA and ANOVA-Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) is emphasized and these methods are compared on the basis of a dataset pertaining to metabolomics field.
Experimental statistics are a key element for innovation in the agricultural sector. Commonly used statistical methods in experimentation are relatively simple, reliable, and widely used. However, ...the many problems in the quality of statistical analyses reported in the agricultural science literature highlight a need for continuing discussion on and updating of this topic. This article reviews critical points about classic linear models procedures commonly used in agricultural statistics, frequent procedures in publications in the agricultural sciences. Due to the evolution of statistical science some common recommendations from the past should no longer be followed.
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one type of additive manufacturing process, where the product is manufactured through layer by layer addition process with high accuracy using computer aided ...design data. 3-D printing technology is a growing sector of manufacturing, automotive, aerospace and many others. In all these fields it’s proven as the cost effective. In this research work, the 3D printed parts are designed according to ASTM standards and printed from a digital template file using the FDM machine. The material chosen for this 3-D printing parameter optimization is Nylon. In order to improve mechanical properties, tests like Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), impact strength, flexural strength and shore D hardness were processed through Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, It have been used with varying the input parameters like fill Density (FD) , Layer Height (LH) and Print Speed (PS). To study the influence of output parameters with respect to input parameters Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed.
This paper introduces the R package WRS2 that implements various robust statistical methods. It elaborates on the basics of robust statistics by introducing robust location, dispersion, and ...correlation measures. The location and dispersion measures are then used in robust variants of independent and dependent samples
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tests and ANOVA, including between-within subject designs and quantile ANOVA. Further, robust ANCOVA as well as robust mediation models are introduced. The paper targets applied researchers; it is therefore kept rather non-technical and written in a tutorial style. Special emphasis is placed on applications in the social and behavioral sciences and illustrations of how to perform corresponding robust analyses in R. The R code for reproducing the results in the paper is given in the
Supplementary Materials
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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is widely used to assess the influence of one or more experimental (or quasi-experimental) manipulations on a continuous outcome. Traditionally, ANOVA is carried out in a ...frequentist manner using p values, but a Bayesian alternative has been proposed. Assuming that the proposed Bayesian ANOVA is closely modeled after its frequentist counterpart, one may be surprised to find that the two can yield very different conclusions when the design involves multiple repeated-measures factors. We illustrate such a discrepancy with a real data set from a two-factorial within-subject experiment. For this data set, the results of a frequentist and Bayesian ANOVA are in a disagreement about which main effect accounts for the variance in the data. The reason for this disagreement is that frequentist and the proposed Bayesian ANOVA use different model specifications. As currently implemented, the proposed Bayesian ANOVA assumes that there are no individual differences in the magnitude of effects. We suspect that this assumption is neither obvious to nor desired by most analysts because it is untenable in most applications. We argue here that the Bayesian ANOVA should be revised to allow for individual differences. As a default, we suggest the standard frequentist model specification but discuss a recently proposed alternative and provide guidance on how to choose the appropriate model specification. We end by discussing the implications of the revised model specification for previously published results of Bayesian ANOVAs.
Industries use heat treated steel for various components due to its strength and other mechanical properties. Usually hardening of machining is carried out by energy and cost intensive grinding ...process. Recently, hard machining has replaced grinding for certain specific applications. In this study, Cubic boron nitride (CBN) of specification CNMG120408is employed to machine AISI D2 steel of 46 HRC hardness. Nine machining experiments established by L9 orthogonal array were conducted. Surface roughness and cutting force were taken as response variables. From the signal to noise ratio analysis, the optimum combination of cutting process parameters for surface roughness is found out to be 80 m/min (Cutting speed) 0.109 mm/rev (Feed) and 0.1 mm (depth of cut). From Analysis of variance (ANOVA), the share made by every process parameter on the machining performance is found out for this CBN tool-work piece combination. Feed rate has the maximum contribution (56 %) for main cutting force while Cutting speed has the maximum contribution (72 %) for surface roughness. Cutting speed exerts greater influence on surface finish compared to feed rate in hard machining.
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that develops over time and affects the cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood sugar levels. The aim of this investigation was to ...determine the prevalence of diabetic mellitus patients, identify the associating risk factors using a multilevel longitudinal model, and understand the multilevel model changes for the level-1 and level-2 models. Material and Methods: We examined such types of scenarios using multilevel longitudinal models such as the simple random intercept multilevel model, the random coefficient model, and the null model. Results: There were 248 individuals with diabetes mellitus enrolled in the study for follow-up measurements over 4 time points, among these 248 individuals, 211 had complete data for all four time points. Based on the intraclass correlation coefficient, much of the variability (88.35%) in diabetes mellitus patients was accounted for by the follow-up time in this study, whereas 11.65% of the variability could not be accounted for by the follow-up time. Moreover, the data analysis suggested that sex had a significant effect on diabetes mellitus patients with the progression of time. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, sex, baseline fasting and educational status had a significant effect on diabetes mellitus patients over time. The educational status of diabetes mellitus patients was found to have a significant effect throughout the follow-up time; this shows that when treating diabetes mellitus patients, the physician should beware of the nature of the disease and how to management diabetes requires a high level of awareness and motivation on part of the patients regarding self-care.
In this paper, significant results about the evaluation of the influence of wear test factors such as load, distance, and sliding speed are analyzed to determine the statistical behavior of the ...specific wear rate, depth, and friction coefficient as response variables. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on the borided AISI 316L stainless steel under controlled environmental conditions, according to the ASTM G133-05 standard procedure, and a UMT-2 universal tester was used. The development of the analysis of variance showed that the load factor has the major statistical significance on the specific wear rate, depth, and CoF with 63.7%, 59.60%, and 62.67%, respectively. The response surface methodology was applied through the distance weighted least-squares fitting to explain the behavior of the response variables on the measured variables and the difference in the performance due to the total distance of sliding.
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•Dry sliding wear statistical analysis on borided AISI 316L stainless steel under ball-on-flat tests was investigated.•The load factor has the major statistical significance with 63.7% on the specific wear rate.•A full factorial design randomized experiment approach was applied to study the test factors and levels.•RSM with DWLS was applied to obtain 2D maps of the response variables.
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