Twelve undescribed alkaloids, including eight pyrrolo3,2-gisoquinoline alkaloids (+)/(−)-anacyquinoline A (1a/1b), (±)-anacyquinoline B (2), (+)/(−)-anacyquinoline C (3a/3b), (±)-anacyquinoline D ...(4), (±)-anacyquinoline E (5), and (±)-anacyquinoline F (6), together with four pyrrolo2,3-gquinoline alkaloids (+)/(−)-anacyquinoline G (7a/7b), (±)-anacyquinoline H (8), and (±)-anacyquinoline I (9), were isolated from the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, NMR), HRESIMS, quantum chemical calculations of ECD, DP4+ analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (Cu Kα). Furthermore, in bioassay, (+)/(−)-anacyquinoline G (7a/7b) and (±)-anacyquinoline H (8) showed inhibition on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide -induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 41.4, 44.1, and 31.4 μM, respectively, indicating their potential anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
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•Twelve undescribed alkaloids were isolated from the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum.•The structural elucidation of these compounds was described.•(+)-7, (−)-7, and 8 showed inhibition on NO production.
Objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease manifested clinically by polyarthralgia associated with joint dysfunction triggering the antibodies targeting against the ...self‐neoepitopes determined by autoimmune responses associated with chronic arthritic attacks. The activation of macrophages and other defence cells in response to self‐epitopes as biomarkers in RA provides a better understanding of pathogenesis of disease and has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches acting as potent inhibitors of these cells.
Key findings
The current review retrieved the various medicinal plants possessing an active phytoconstituents with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which tends to be effective alternative approach over the synthetic drugs concerned with high toxic effects. The current available literature provided an evident data concluding that the active constituents like fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes and sesquiterpene lactones attenuate the RA symptoms by targeting the inflammatory biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of RA.
Summary
Despite the various synthetic treatment approaches targeting immune cells, cytokines improved the quality of life but still the drug management is challenging due to toxic and chronic teratogenic effects with anti‐arthritic drugs. The current review has elaborated the selected traditionally used herbal medicinal plants with phytoconstituents possessing anti‐inflammatory activity by suppressing the inflammatory biomarkers with lesser side effects and providing the future exploration of natural drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Phytochemical investigation of the 70% ethanol extract of Isodon henryi Kudô afforded fifteen ent-kaurane diterpenoids, including nine previously undescribed compounds, named isohenolides C–K (1–9). ...Compounds 1–6 featured an unusual 6,7;8,15-diseco-7,20-olide ent-kaurane diterpenoid scaffold, in which 1 also possessed an 11,15-lactone ring while 2–6 all contained a free α-methylene-γ-carboxylic acid. Compound 6 was also a rare 6,8-cyclo-7,20-olide ent-kauranoid. Their structures were elucidated primarily by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction (Cu Kα) methods. Additionally, most compounds were also screened for anti-inflammatory actions against lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and compounds 9 and 13 exhibited stronger nitric oxide inhibition, with IC50 values of 15.99 ± 0.75 and 18.19 ± 0.42 μM, respectively.
Nine previously undescribed ent-kauranoids were isolated from Isodon henryi, and their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Display omitted
•Nine undescribed ent-kaurane diterpenoids were isolated from Isodon henryi.•Isohenolides C–H featured an unusual 6,7;8,15-diseco-7,20-olide ent-kauranoid scaffold.•Their absolute structures were elucidated by ECD and X-ray data.•Compounds 9 and 13 exhibited NO inhibitions on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Phytochemical investigation on the fruits of Cydonia oblonga Mill., a traditional Uighur medicine, led to the isolation of seven undescribed and nine known megastigmane glycosides. Their structures ...including absolute configurations were characterized by an extensive analysis of spectroscopic data including HRESIMS and NMR, combined with ECD calculations. Additionally, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6–16 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with inhibitory rates of 10.79%–44.58% at 20 μM.
Seven undescribed megastigmane glycosides along with nine known analogues were isolated from the fruits of Cydonia oblonga Mill. Several compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity. Display omitted
•Sixteen megastigmane glycosides were isolated from Cydonia oblonga.•Seven previously undescribed megastigmane glycosides were included.•Several compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity.
Iris is the largest genus in the family Iridaceae. Iris plants are distributed in tropical regions of the world. They are used as ornamentals and traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments.
...This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids isolated from Iris spuria L.
The isolated flavonoids (1-4) were identified on the basis of different spectroscopic methods (1D- and 2D-NMR) and co-TLC with authentic samples. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production from rat-isolated peritoneal macrophages. Modeling and docking simulations of the compounds were performed using Molecular Operating Environment software and the crystal structure of the murine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Four flavonoids (1-4) had been isolated from the rhizomes of Iris spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) for the first time. They were characterized as 5,7,2'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (1), tectorigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), tectorigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and tectorigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor; aminoguanidine was used as a positive control. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner of the isolated compounds along with isoflavonoids (5-9) previously isolated from Iris spuria L. (Calizona). A concentration of 60 μg/ml of all tested compounds showed a significant inhibitory effect compared to media with LPS. Molecular modeling experiments supported the obtained biological data.
Our results reveal that flavonoids isolated from I. spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) and I. spuria L. (Calizona) appear to have a potential anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of iNOS.
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•Isolation and identification of flavonoids from I. spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) rhizome.•In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoids on LPS-induced NO production.•Modeling and docking simulations of the isolated flavonoids and iNOS active site.
Imbalance between the activities of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces synovial inflammation and autoimmunity, leading to joint damage. Here ...we encapsulated a plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 pDNA) and the chemotherapeutic drug betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) into biomimetic vector M2 exosomes (M2 Exo) derived from M2-type macrophages. We demonstrate that the loaded exosomes target and reduce inflammation for combined therapy against RA. The in vitro efficiency of the M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP co-delivery system was attributed to the synergistic effect of IL-10 pDNA and BSP, which also promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and increasing the expression of IL-10 cytokine. In a mouse model of RA, M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP showed good accumulation at inflamed joint sites, high anti-inflammatory activity, and potent therapeutic effect. The delivery system was non-toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this system may serve as a promising biocompatible drug carrier and anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment based on M1-to-M2 macrophage re-polarization.
we engaged molecularly engineered M2 macrophage-derived exosomes with inflammation tropism and anti-inflammatory capabilities for co-delivery of IL-10 pDNA and GCs to achieve RA treatment via M1-to-M2 macrophages re-polarization. Display omitted
•M2-type macrophage derived exosomes serve as simple endogenous drug carrier with inflammation targeting and anti-inflammatory properties.•The biomimetic co-delivery system attenuated inflammation in joint lesions and promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization through the synergistic effect.•The biomimetic co-delivery system reduced the dose of glucocorticoid and its adverse effects.
•Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of quercetin derivatives were studied.•Quercetin metabolites present in systemic circulation have potent biopotential.•Derivatization quercetin resulted ...in decrease of antioxidant activity.•Derivatization of quercetin does not significantly defines anti-inflammatory potential.•Metabolites should be included in defining biopotential of quercetin-rich diet.
Quercetin is hardly bioavailable and largely transformed to different metabolites. Although little is known about their biological activities, these metabolites are crucial for explanation of health benefits associated with quercetin dietary intake. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of six quercetin derivatives (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, tamarixetin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3,4′-di-O-glucoside, quercetin-3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethylether) were compared with the activity of common onion extract as the main source of dietary quercetin and standards (butylated hydroxytoluene and aspirin). The quercetin derivatives demonstrated notable bioactivities, similar to standards and onion. Derivatization of quercetin hydroxyl groups resulted in decrease of antioxidant potency. However, the number of quercetin free hydroxyl groups was not in direct correlation with its potential to inhibit inflammatory mediators production. To conclude, quercetin derivatives present in systemic circulation after consumption of quercetin may act as potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents and can contribute to overall biological activity of quercetin-rich diet.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of heat treatment of edible insects on antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of peptide fractions from hydrolysates obtained by in vitro ...gastrointestinal digestion thereof. Identification of bioactive peptides from the edible insects and their chemical synthesis were carried out as well. The highest antiradical activity against ABTS•+ and DPPH• was noted for the peptide fraction from the Gryllodes sigillatus protein preparation (EC50 value 2.75 and 6.91 μg mL−1, respectively). This fraction exhibited the strongest LOX and COX‐2 inhibitory activity (IC50 value 0.13 and 0.26 μg mL−1, respectively). The peptide fraction from the Tenebrio molitor protein preparation showed the highest Fe2+ chelating ability (EC50 value 2.21 μg mL−1) and the highest reducing power (0.198). The heat treatment process has a positive effect on the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of peptides. All identified and synthesised peptides from insect protein showed antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity.
The methodology of the study for the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of peptides obtained from edible insects proteins after in vitro digestion. Identified peptides in peptide fractions obtained after hydrolysis.
