Objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease manifested clinically by polyarthralgia associated with joint dysfunction triggering the antibodies targeting against the ...self‐neoepitopes determined by autoimmune responses associated with chronic arthritic attacks. The activation of macrophages and other defence cells in response to self‐epitopes as biomarkers in RA provides a better understanding of pathogenesis of disease and has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches acting as potent inhibitors of these cells.
Key findings
The current review retrieved the various medicinal plants possessing an active phytoconstituents with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which tends to be effective alternative approach over the synthetic drugs concerned with high toxic effects. The current available literature provided an evident data concluding that the active constituents like fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes and sesquiterpene lactones attenuate the RA symptoms by targeting the inflammatory biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of RA.
Summary
Despite the various synthetic treatment approaches targeting immune cells, cytokines improved the quality of life but still the drug management is challenging due to toxic and chronic teratogenic effects with anti‐arthritic drugs. The current review has elaborated the selected traditionally used herbal medicinal plants with phytoconstituents possessing anti‐inflammatory activity by suppressing the inflammatory biomarkers with lesser side effects and providing the future exploration of natural drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a potential drug therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) because of its anti-inflammatory activity, high biological safety, and few side ...effects. Nevertheless, its clinical application is hindered by its limited water solubility and low bioavailability. Currently, compared to synthetic nanocarriers, exosomes as carriers possess advantages such as low toxicity, high stability, and high specificity. Human placental mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HplMSC-Exos) have emerged as a promising drug delivery system, offering intrinsic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, we engineered MSC-Exos loaded with Ber (Exos-Ber) to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of Ber and for colon targeting, revealing a novel approach for treating UC with natural compounds. Structurally and functionally, Exos-Ber closely resembled unmodified Exos. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Exos-Ber. Notably, Exos-Ber exhibited reparative effects on injured epithelial cells and reduced cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, Exos-Ber concurrently demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, contributing to the mitigation of UC, possibly through its modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of Exos-Ber as a promising therapeutic option for alleviating UC, highlighting its capacity to enhance the clinical applicability of Ber.
Iris is the largest genus in the family Iridaceae. Iris plants are distributed in tropical regions of the world. They are used as ornamentals and traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments.
...This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids isolated from Iris spuria L.
The isolated flavonoids (1-4) were identified on the basis of different spectroscopic methods (1D- and 2D-NMR) and co-TLC with authentic samples. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production from rat-isolated peritoneal macrophages. Modeling and docking simulations of the compounds were performed using Molecular Operating Environment software and the crystal structure of the murine inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Four flavonoids (1-4) had been isolated from the rhizomes of Iris spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) for the first time. They were characterized as 5,7,2'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (1), tectorigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), tectorigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and tectorigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor; aminoguanidine was used as a positive control. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner of the isolated compounds along with isoflavonoids (5-9) previously isolated from Iris spuria L. (Calizona). A concentration of 60 μg/ml of all tested compounds showed a significant inhibitory effect compared to media with LPS. Molecular modeling experiments supported the obtained biological data.
Our results reveal that flavonoids isolated from I. spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) and I. spuria L. (Calizona) appear to have a potential anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of iNOS.
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•Isolation and identification of flavonoids from I. spuria L. (Hocka Hoona) rhizome.•In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoids on LPS-induced NO production.•Modeling and docking simulations of the isolated flavonoids and iNOS active site.
Eleven alkaloids including four previously undescribed oxoisoaporphine alkaloids, menisoxoisoaporphines A-D (1–4), four known analogues (5–8), and three aporphine alkaloids (9–11), were isolated and ...identified from the rhizomes of Menispermum dauricum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Among them, compounds 1 and 4 were the first samples of oxoisoaporphine with C-6 isopentylamino moiety, and 2 was a rare C-4 methylation product of oxoisoaporphine alkaloid. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1–11 was performed by evaluating the inhibition of NO level in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Among them, compound 4 exhibited the most potent NO inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 1.95 ± 0.33 μM. The key structure-activity relationships of those oxoisoaporphine alkaloids for anti-inflammatory effects have been summarized.
Four undescribed oxoisoaporphine alkaloids, together with seven known analogues were isolated from the rhizomes of Menispermum dauricum DC., which were evaluated for their their inhibitory activity towards the LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Menisoxoisoaporphine D exhibited the most potent NO inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 1.95 ± 0.33 μM. Display omitted
•Four undescribed alkaloids were isolated from the rhizomes of Menispermum dauricum.•Menisoxoisoaporphine A was the first sample of oxoisoaporphine with C-6 isopentylamino moiety.•Menisoxoisoaporphine B was a rare C-4 methylation product of oxoisoaporphine alkaloid.•Menisoxoisoaporphine D showed the most potent NO inhibition activity (IC50 1.95 ± 0.33 μM).
Phytochemical investigation on the fruits of Cydonia oblonga Mill., a traditional Uighur medicine, led to the isolation of seven undescribed and nine known megastigmane glycosides. Their structures ...including absolute configurations were characterized by an extensive analysis of spectroscopic data including HRESIMS and NMR, combined with ECD calculations. Additionally, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6‒16 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with inhibitory rates of 10.79%‒44.58% at 20 μM.
Imbalance between the activities of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces synovial inflammation and autoimmunity, leading to joint damage. Here ...we encapsulated a plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 pDNA) and the chemotherapeutic drug betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) into biomimetic vector M2 exosomes (M2 Exo) derived from M2-type macrophages. We demonstrate that the loaded exosomes target and reduce inflammation for combined therapy against RA. The in vitro efficiency of the M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP co-delivery system was attributed to the synergistic effect of IL-10 pDNA and BSP, which also promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and increasing the expression of IL-10 cytokine. In a mouse model of RA, M2 Exo/pDNA/BSP showed good accumulation at inflamed joint sites, high anti-inflammatory activity, and potent therapeutic effect. The delivery system was non-toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this system may serve as a promising biocompatible drug carrier and anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment based on M1-to-M2 macrophage re-polarization.
we engaged molecularly engineered M2 macrophage-derived exosomes with inflammation tropism and anti-inflammatory capabilities for co-delivery of IL-10 pDNA and GCs to achieve RA treatment via M1-to-M2 macrophages re-polarization. Display omitted
•M2-type macrophage derived exosomes serve as simple endogenous drug carrier with inflammation targeting and anti-inflammatory properties.•The biomimetic co-delivery system attenuated inflammation in joint lesions and promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization through the synergistic effect.•The biomimetic co-delivery system reduced the dose of glucocorticoid and its adverse effects.
Ten novel symmetric 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone derivatives (BAPs, 1–10) and fourteen dissymmetric BAPs (11–24) were synthesized and evaluated the cytotoxicity. All of the compounds have been ...screened for their anti-inflammatory activity characterized by evaluating their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α secretion. Among them, BAP 23 exhibits both the highest anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Western blot analysis showed that BAP 23 markedly reduced the levels of Bcl-2 but increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3and Bax. Moreover, BAP 23 prominently inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells as well as TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB in HepG2 cells by blocking phosphorylation of inhibitor IκBα and p65. Consistent with these results, we found that BAP 23 prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB induced by LPS or TNF-α. BAP 23 could reasonably bind to the active site of Bcl-2 protein and p65 which is proved by molecular docking modes. These data indicate that BAP 23 is a more potent inhibitor of NF-κB activity which exhibites both anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
Twenty four novel symmetric or dissymmetric 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone derivatives (BAPs) were synthesized. Their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated and BAP 23 could inhibit NF-κB activation both in inflammation and cancer. Display omitted
•Novel symmetric or dissymmetric 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones (BAPs) (1–24) were generated and characterized.•23 exhibits both highest anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and lower cytotoxicity.•23 can promote cell apoptosis by up-regulating cleaved Caspase-3, BAX expression and down-regulating Bcl-2expression.•23 inhibited activation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells and HepG2 cells by blocking phosphorylation of inhibitor IκBα and p65.
Microbial fermentation is often used to improve the functionality of plant-based food materials. Herein, we investigated changes in the physicochemical and functional properties of cabbage during ...yeast fermentation to develop new products using fermented cabbage. Among the 8 types of food-grade yeast, both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii fermented 10% cabbage powder solution (w/w) the most effectively, leaving no soluble sugars after 12 h of fermentation. In addition, the yeast fermentation of cabbage resulted in functionally positive outcomes in terms of sulforaphane content, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory activity. Specifically, the yeast-fermented cabbages contained about 500% more sulforaphane. The soluble fraction (5 μg/ml) of yeast-fermented cabbage had no cytotoxicity in murine RAW 264.7 cells, and the radicalscavenging capacity was equivalent to 1 μg/ml of ascorbic acid. Moreover, cabbage fermented with S. boulardii significantly suppressed both lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting a potential antiinflammatory effect. These results support the idea that yeast fermentation is promising for developing functionally improved cabbage products.
