Part I Introduction Ivanhoe, Philip J
On Ethics and History,
11/2009
Book Chapter
Zhang Xuecheng (1738–1801) was a native of the Kuaiji district, located in present-day Shaoxing prefecture in Zhejiang province. He spent most of his life under the reign of a single sovereign, the ...redoubtable Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736–96). This was a period of relative decline and challenge for the Qing dynasty (1644–1905). The combined effects of official corruption, internal rebellion, external military challenges, and a burgeoning population had weakened the dynasty and made life relatively hard for scholars like Zhang. There were precious few official positions to accommodate a vast and growing sea of applicants; competition was intense, and it simply was impossible for a large number of highly qualified candidates to secure decent posts within the Qing bureaucracy. Many were forced to eke out a strained and precarious living by combining the incomes earned through temporary low-level posts, ...
Towards harmony-oriented programming Fleissner, Sebastian; Baniassad, Elisa
Companion to the 23rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems languages and applications,
10/2008
Conference Proceeding
Object-oriented programming and other programming paradigms are heavily influenced by Western thought and reasoning, which focuses on understanding the world in terms of categories, objects and their ...attributes: A typical program is decomposed into clearly defined units, such as modules, functions, objects, components and aspects, and each of these units is described by its properties, functionality, and direct relationships to other units. Eastern philosophy, however, focuses on fields of interactions rather than individual units. Harmony-oriented programming is a new programming paradigm based on concepts found in Eastern philosophy. This paper presents principles and constructs of harmony-oriented programming and introduces ongoing work towards creating a harmony-oriented software development environment for further experimental studies.
Introduction Cline, Erin M
Confucius, Rawls, and the Sense of Justice,
12/2012
Book Chapter
The introduction to this work makes clear the aims of this study in comparative philosophy. It addresses the question of why we should study a sense of justice comparatively and why we should compare ...Confucian and Rawlsian senses of justice in particular. It then examines the way in which this work differs from other discussions of justice in early Confucianism, and introduces the project as a whole.
Conclusion Cline, Erin M
Confucius, Rawls, and the Sense of Justice,
12/2012
Book Chapter
The conclusion briefly revisits the question of why a comparative study of a sense of justice is worthwhile, the aims of comparative philosophy and how the study of a sense of justice in Rawls and ...the Analects can be mutually enhancing.
Coda Goetschel, Willi
The Discipline of Philosophy and the Invention of Modern Jewish Thought,
11/2012
Book Chapter
This chapter discusses the need to consider Jewish philosophy as a discipline and not merely as a category. It highlights the interrelationship between the emergence of modern philosophy and the ...invention of Jewish thought as its critical supplement and argues that the dialogue between Jewish and German philosophers is one of the most creative force fields in the development of modern philosophy. This chapter also discusses the contribution of Hermann Levin Goldschmidt in highlighting the enduring importance of the legacy of modern Jewry's sustained reasoning “out of the sources of Judaism” and in making the contributions of Jewish philosophers of the past newly legible as a creative dialogue crucially important to the project of critical philosophy.
Our global era requires that we think of intellectual disability studies from cultural and global perspectives. This chapter explores a sampling of cultural issues and analyses of intellectual ...disability. As people of color, women, and people with intellectual disability have been historically marginalized, standpoint theories have been useful to scholars, especially in criticizing objective claims about personhood, ethical practices, and what constitutes intelligence and knowledge. Language is an important indicator of how we conceptualize disability. Culture — the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors of a group — is the foundation from which people of different heritage, customs, and traditions develop, and it influences self‐concepts, language, worldviews, and connections to others. The chapter offers examples of Asian philosophy, with the understanding that non‐Western traditions are diverse and fruitful. Finally, the chapter notes that the environment which most affects what one learns about disabilities in classrooms and from books is academic culture.
