Microbial infection often accompanies most diseases such as cancer, which has been testified to severely decrease the efficacy of cancer therapy. It is imperative and significant to develop the ...single therapeutic agents with high antimicrobial and antitumor efficacy. Herein, fluoroalkylated boron dipyrromethene (BDP) (named as B-F) and its counterpart alkylated BDP (named as B-H) were synthesized. Fluoroalkylation could facilitate the spontaneous self-assembly of B-F into nanoparticles (NPs) and dramatically enhance its intracellular delivery efficiency. Furthermore, compared with B-H NPs, B-F NPs possessed enhanced capacity of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation, which endowed B-F NPs with photodynamic destroying Gram-positive bacteria and cancer cells. This work contributes to strategical design of the nanoscale photosensitizers (PSs) for antimicrobial photoinactivation and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Objective: to evaluate how well biparietal diameter and transcerebellar diameter performed in estimating the gestational age of pregnant women in their third trimester.
Study Design: Cross-sectional ...study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Feb to Aug 2022.
Methodology: There were 120 pregnant women who went to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Departmental walk-in clinic or Emergency room between weeks 28 and 40 of their pregnancies. Ultrasound was done on all patients that had been preselected after a complete history and physical examination had been completed; transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and biparietal diameter (BPD) were measured and compared with LMP.
Results: Mean age of the participants recruited in the study was 27.08±1.45 years. There was a significant increase in mean BPD from 28 weeks of gestation (68.01±7.4 mm) to 36 weeks of gestation (89.77±2.35 mm). During 28 weeks of gestation, the mean TCD was 30.3±1.49 mm, whereas at 36 weeks it peaked at 48.1±1.21 mm. By looking at the median gap between real and estimated GA by BPD, we find that when real GA rises, the magnitude of the age estimation error decreases significantly. The error was 3.22±0.17 days for GA at 28 weeks, 2.48±0.09 days at 34 weeks, and 2.18±0.01 days at 36 weeks. A statistically significant (p<0.001) shift in the mean error was observed. ...
Conclusion: Both TCD and BPD were shown to be helpful in this study's context, however statistically speaking, TCD was superior to BPD. ...
The fragile framework of the organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite has been strengthened for improving the stability of the PSCs by a multifunctional 2-amino-acetamidobenzotrifluoride (called ...BDP) with –NH2, C=O, and -CF3 groups, simultaneously yielding a high efficiency of 21.62% for MAPbI3-based solar cells.
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•A novel BDP-perovskite composite was developed for efficient and stable PSCs.•The BDP improved perovskite quality by retarding crystallization process.•The perovskite framework is reinforced by forming N-H…F bond with BDP.•The PCE of the BDP-treated device increased to 21.62% with a high Voc of 1.21 V.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most prospective photovoltaic devices because of their excellent photoelectric properties, yet their stability remains challenging. Apart from the reported passivation or encapsulation strategies, reinforcing the inherent framework of the perovskite is recognized as a substantial approach to stabilizing the PSCs. Herein, a multifunctional 2-amino-acetamidobenzotrifluoride (called BDP) with –NH2, C = O, and -CF3 moieties is meticulously screened to strengthen the perovskite framework. The electron-donating groups of the BDP (–NH2 and C = O) can simultaneously modify the crystallization process and achieve passivation, which devoted to reducing defect density; -CF3 is used as a hydrophobic chemical stabilizer to form a moisture-resistant layer on the perovskite surface and suppress the MA+ ion migration by forming a hydrogen bond. Notably, the presence of the BDP also achieves a better energy level matching at the perovskite/hole transfer layer interface. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MAPbI3 solar cells is remarkably improved from 18.47% to 21.62%. Compared with the control devices, the PCE remains relatively stable under harsh external environmental conditions. Furthermore, the BDP also inhibits the lead leakage of PSCs, which is conducive to environmental applications.
On the connected components of IFS fractals Deng, Qi-Rong; Li, Ming-Tian; Yao, Yong-Hua
Journal of mathematical analysis and applications,
02/2023, Volume:
518, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Let K be the attractor of a self-conformal IFS, μ be the corresponding invariant measure for some probability weights and Λ(K) be the union of all trivial connected components of K. Assume that the ...IFS satisfies the bounded distortion property and the strong open set condition with an open set V whose closure V‾ is a union of finitely many connected components. It is proven that the four statements dimH(K∖Λ(K))<dimH(K), Hs(V∩Λ(K))>0(wheres=dimH(K)), V∩Λ(K)≠∅ and μ(Λ(K))=1 are equivalent. Some weaker conclusions are also given for attractors generated by bi-Lipschitz IFSs.
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•Chiral L/D-BDP NPs with antibacterial activity, were prepared and characterized.•L-BDP NPs exhibited higher photodynamic antibacterial activity against S. aureus.•2% LCG film had ...excellent photodynamic bactericidal effect.•2% LCG film could protect the packaged cherries against microorganisms.•2% LCG film could effectively extend the shelf life of packaged cherries.
The concept of transferring the chirality from small molecules to nanomaterials has aroused great interest. On the other hand, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising technology for food preservation, due to its high antibacterial ability and none microbial resistance. Herein, chiral boron dipyrromethenes (denoted as L/D-BDP) were prepared and their nano-formulations (L/D-BDP NPs) were fabricated. L/D-BDP NPs significantly amplified the chirality of L/D-BDP, leading to essentially enhanced antibacterial activity. L/D-BDP NPs could eradicate Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), with L-BDP NPs showing more significant antimicrobial activity than D-BDP NPs. Different content (0, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) of L/D-BDP NPs were doped with chitosan and glycerol to prepare antibacterial films (CG, 0.5%L/DCG, 1%L/DCG and 2%L/DCG, respectively). Among which, 2%LCG film has the most efficacious antimicrobial activity. In the 8-day cherry preservation experiment, 2%LCG film irradiated with green light for 8 min could effectively inhibit cherries mildew, delay the loss of vitamin C and total polyphenol content, and significantly prolong the storage period of cherries at room temperature. This study presents a new approach for constructing highly efficient chiral antimicrobial nano-agents, which is conducive to develop chiral functional nanomaterials that tailored for specific biological and medical purposes.
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Red-emitting distyryl substituted BODIPY dyes are among the most promising luminophors for bioimaging and optics applications. However, the practical application of BODIPYs is limited ...due to their high hydrophobicity and tendency to aggregate in aqueous organic solutions and solid phase. In this article, we propose an elegant solution to this problem. To this end, we carried out the detailed experimental and quantum-chemical study of the structural and spectral features of BF2-ms-phenyl-5,5′-bis(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-3,3′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyrromethene (distyryl-BDP). The particular attention was paid to analysis of high sensitivity of the distyryl-BDP spectral characteristics to the solvent properties, and also the aggregation behavior features both in water-organic media and in mono- and multilayer Langmuir-Schaefer films. We selected the best conditions to obtain the hydrophilic micellar structures of distyryl-BDP with Pluronic® F127 having a high efficiency of dye solubilization. This method increasing the solubility improves the distyryl-BDP transport efficiency in physiological aqueous media. The aqueous solutions of distyryl-BDP–Pl micelles show the intense fluorescence in the phototherapy window region (λfl = 739 nm).
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The quantification of drug in living cells is of increasing interest in pharmaceutical research because of its importance in understanding drug efficacy and toxicity. Label-free in ...situ measurement methods are advantageous for their ability to obtain chemical and time profiles without the need of labelling or extraction steps. We have previously shown that Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has the potential to quantify drug in situ within living cells at micromolar level when a simple solution of drug was added to the medium. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the approach can evaluate more complex systems such as the effect of membrane modification by a formulation on drug uptakes. The inhaled corticosteroid, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), in Calu-3 respiratory epithelial cells in the absence and presence of glycerol, an excipient in some inhaled medicines was used as the model system. The FTIR method was first validated for limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) according to published guidelines and the LOQ was found to be ∼ 20 μM, good enough to quantify BDP in the living cell. The uptake of BDP by living Calu-3 cells was found to be reduced in the presence of glycerol as expected due to the stiffening of the cell membrane by the presence of glycerol in the formulation. This study demonstrates the valuable analytical capability of live-cell FTIR to study the effect of formulation on drug transport in lungs and to evaluate drug availability to intracellular targets. We conclude that FTIR has potential to contribute widely at the frontier of live-cell studies.
The Mg-based propellant is considered to be a promising fuel for underwater propulsion, but the mechanism of the change of the burning rate is unclear. The Mg-based propellant was divided into two ...parts on the basis of the BDP multi-flame model: large-size oxidizer particle and pseudo-propellant consisting of fine oxidizer and other components, and the micro steady-state combustion model of Mg-based propellant was established. Quantitatively analysis on the gas-phase multi-flame structure was performed, which focused on the effect of pressure, Mg content, and oxidizer particle size on the burning rate. This model was verified by the results of combustion experiments on ammonium perchlorate (AP) /hydroxyl‑terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite propellant and Mg-based propellant, and the mean absolute percentage error between the burning rate obtained from the simulation and the experimental measurements was less than 5%. Results indicated that the flame structure of Mg-based propellant exhibited typical BDP flame characteristic. As pressure increased from 1 MPa to 4 MPa, the premixed AP flame and the preliminary diffusion flame were closer to the burning surface, which enhanced the heat feedback. And accordingly, the burning rate raised from 5.93 mm/s to 9.79 mm/s. Mg content mainly affect the combustion process of the pseudo-propellant. The premixed flame above the pseudo-propellant gradually disappeared as the Mg content increased from 15% to 63%, which led the burning rate to decrease from 17.45 mm/s to 7.83 mm/s. AP particle size affected the effectiveness of the preliminary diffusion flame on the burning surface and resulted in a change in the burning rate. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for the design of Mg-based propellant formulations.
Considering a variety of sampled value (SV) attacks on busbar differential protection (BDP) which poses challenges to conventional learning algorithms, an algorithm to detect SV attacks based on the ...immune system of negative selection is developed in this paper. The healthy SV data of BDP are defined as self-data composed of spheres of the same size, whereas the SV attack data, i.e., the nonself data, are preserved in the nonself space covered by spherical detectors of different sizes. To avoid the confusion between busbar faults and SV attacks, a self-shape optimization algorithm is introduced, and the improved self-data are verified through a power-frequency fault-component-based differential protection criterion to avoid false negatives. Based on the difficulty of boundary coverage in traditional negative selection algorithms, a self-data-driven detector generation algorithm is proposed to enhance the detector coverage. A testbed of differential protection for a 110 kV double busbar system is then established. Typical SV attacks of BDP such as amplitude and current phase tampering, fault replays, and the disconnection of the secondary circuits of current transformers are considered, and the delays of differential relay operation caused by detection algorithms are investigated.
Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen energy is one of the most promising ways to solve the energy crises. The mechanism is unclear on the sequence of proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) in ...photocatalytic water dissociation catalyzed by organic material. Here, the water splitting catalyzed by zinc porphyrin with boron dipyrrin (ZnPP-BDP) is systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The H2O/ZnPP in valence state based on the electron transfer pulls the trigger on the water splitting process. For the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) step on ZnPP, the processes for the two H ions dissociate from water are exothermic with the −1.06 and −0.95 eV energies respectively, and the O/ZnPP system is formed. The second H2O molecule on O/ZnPP system can provide the extra oxygen atom to produce the free O2 with 1.22 eV energy barrier. For the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) step on BDP, the H ions dissociated from OER process can be captured by BDP to form free H2 with 2.24 eV/molecule energy released. In this attractive clean cyclic process, the ZnPP-BDP can continuously catalyze the H2O dissociated into free H2 and O2 by the shifting potential barrier. Besides, the proton coupled electron sequent transfer possess an essential role in photocatalytic water dissociation. It is very instructive to design sustainable photodecomposition catalysts for both OER and HER, and to design extraordinary biomimetic photosynthesizers for clean energy.
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•Biomolecule ZnPP-BDP can split water into free H2 and O2 completely.•Proton coupled electron sequent transfer is vital in photocatalytic water splitting.•The water splitting catalyzed by ZnPP-BDP is sustainable and clean.•The effective catalysis is due to the effect of potential barrier transfer.
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