En este trabajo se estudian los hogares de los clérigos seculares de la ciudad de Murcia durante los siglos XVII y XVIII a partir de dos fuentes realizadas con fines recaudatorios: unas declaraciones ...de eclesiásticos de 1667 y el libro de familias del Vecindario de 1756. Se trata de analizar las estructuras familiares en que estaban presentes los parientes, detectándose que predominaban las mujeres. Se ha comprobado que había diferentes motivos que explicaban la presencia de familiares en las casas de los eclesiásticos: desde brindar cuidado y asistencia o ayudar en sus estudios, hasta colaborar en el servicio doméstico.
This study aims to is to develop a disorder-specific patient-reported outcome measure to be used in Islamic clergymen with voice disorders and to investigate its validity and reliability.
Employing ...an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, this study conducted in two phases. Initially, semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 clergymen experiencing voice disorders. Subsequently, the questionnaire underwent rigorous validation, encompassing content, construct, and criterion validity assessments, in addition to test-retest reliability and internal consistency analyses. The index was administered to a sample of 110 male clergy, including imams, muezzins, and Quran course teachers, with an age range from 19 to 61years.
Construct validity was established through factor analysis, resulting in a final 23-item scale categorized into two factors: physical-functional and emotional. Known group validity demonstrated a significant distinction between the study and control groups. Criterion validity reinforced the index’s validity, displaying a correlation coefficient of 0.758 between the Voice Handicap Index for Clergymen and the well-established Voice Handicap Index. The questionnaire exhibited commendable internal consistency, with a Cronbach's Alpha (α) coefficient value of 0.971. Test-retest reliability analysis exhibited strong consistency, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.863.
It is recommended that the developed valid and reliable handicap index in the present study be included in the voice assessment batteries of Islamic clergymen with voice complaints with the clinical and research purposes. In future studies, the validity of the questionnaire can be investigated more by examining the difference between the Voice Handicap Index for Islamic Clergymen (CVHI) scores obtained before and after treatment. Identifying a cut-off point that discriminates between dysphonic and normophonic clergymen may allow the use of the CVHI as a screening tool for this population.
The purpose of the paper is presentation of selected issues concerning the organisational structure, institutions, and clergy of the Uniate Eparchy of Chełm.
Scientific novelty. The basis of the ...presented study is the information contained in the schematism intended for the year 1863. The print is entitled ‘List of the clergy of the Chełm Eparchy of the Greek Catholic Rite for the year 1863’. It was published in Warsaw in 1864. Eleven years later (1875), the eparchy ceased to exist as a result of decisions made by Tsar Alexander II and the Holy Ruling Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Conclusions. The eparchy, and its clergy, have already produced several important publications. Monographs and articles by scholars associated with the university centres of Lublin (the Catholic University of Lublin and Maria Curie-Skłodowska University) are good examples. Witold Kołbuk, Janusz Kania, Andrzej Gil, Jan Lewandowski and Artur Korbowicz should be mentioned here above all. Some of the above-mentioned authors used, to a greater or lesser extent, the list of the clergy of 1863 (schematism), when compiling their works. Nevertheless, the document has not received a separate study. Because of the cognitive value of the document, it has been decided to introduce it into scientific circulation in the form of this study. Information obtained from the 1863 schema has been supplemented or verified on the basis of archival documents produced by the Greek-Catholic Consistory of Chełm, stored in the State Archive in Lublin. The whole is supplemented by Polish and, to a lesser extent, Ukrainian and Russian studies.
This publication presents the condition of the Uniate Eparchy of Chełm in 1863. As a result of the conducted analyses, it seemed that at the beginning of the 1860s the eparchy remained in good shape and position. There were several important elements to this picture. First, almost all consistory offices were staffed. Secondly, diocesan institutions carried out the tasks entrusted to them. Finally, thirdly, the authorities, despite the lack of clergy, managed to provide pastoral care to the faithful in all existing parishes.
The reality, however, was less optimistic. The legal situation of the eparchy at that time gradually deteriorated. Practically, the fate of the eparchy was sealed after the January Uprising. In the post-uprising period, the tsarist authorities introduced a number of changes that disrupted the historically shaped order. As a result, the Uniate bishopric with its capital in Chełm was liquidated after almost 280 years of functioning.
Background. The religious history of a provincial, such as Stavropol-on-Volga was, appears to be a topical problem, as it was provincial towns that to a great extent shaped the historical image of ...pre-revolutionary Russia. The author analyzed the religious life in Stavropol-on-Volga in the late 18th – early 20th centuries. The purpose of the work is to study the religious life of Stavropol-on-Volga on the basis of a complex analysis of the religios situation in the town in the late 18th – early 20th centuries, as well as to reveal the nature of its changes during this period and to provide insights into charity and spiritual and educational activities. Materials and methods. The research goals were achieved through analyzing the documents obtained from the funds of the Central State Archive of Samara region and a municipal government-financed cultural establishment of the city district of Togliatti “City museum complex “Nasledie (Legacy)”. The methods included the comparative- historical method allowing to compare the objectives and functions of the clergy in the provincial town in the late 18th – early 20th centuries, the importance of which is evident for the data analysis, as well as the method of analyzing and synchronous comparison of archival documents. Results. The author studied the religious situation in Stavropol-on-Volga in the late 18th – early 20th centuries, as well as the issues of orthodox church construction and the evangelistic work. Special attention was paid to devout hermits visiting Stavropolon- Volga and the touched ones who lived there. The work asserts that the religious situation in Stavropol was contradictory in the late 18th – early 20th. Despite the fact that the town originally was the center of kalmyks converted to Orthodoxy, the nomads remained in dual faith, were unwilling to settle in one place and were resettled in 1842. It is substantiated that the efforts of the local clergy were directed to improving literacy of the public, recrouting personnel for this kind of work, which in turn contributed to the development of the local craft industry. Conclusions. Stavropol was a provincial town, but unique, with rich and interesting history, deep religious traditions, own devout hermits, touched ones, indigents, benefactors out of local folk, which combined a special provincial culture.
Despite the great literary achievements of Chaucer, Langland, and the Pearl Poet, Ricardian English books were still a niche market in 1400. As Kathryn Kerby-Fulton shows, however, their generation ...was transformational in nurturing the resurgence of English writing, in part as a result of the mass underemployment of clerks originally trained for the church but unable to find steady positions in it. Surviving instead as ecclesiastical or choral "piece workers, " or in secular jobs in government or private households, this "clerical proletariat" lived and worked in liminal spaces between the ecclesiastical and lay world. And there the most enterprising found new material—and new audiences—for poetry in English.Since English book production in London prior to 1380 was rare, Kerby-Fulton's study begins in the prior century with great regional poets, revealing their early experimentation with a new poetics of vocational crisis. Preoccupied with underemployment, patronage, careerist ambition, alienation, and changing literary fashion, these thirteenth-century writers were choosing the more avant garde option of writing in English while feeling backwards to earlier tradition in works such as La?amon's Brut and The Owl and the Nightingale. These early experimenters invoked semi-remembered literary forms in a still evolving written vernacular, breaking ground for Ricardian writers, who turned to these conventions during the massive clerical unemployment of the Great Schism era. Kerby-Fulton's is the first study of Langland's legacy of articulating an authorial employment crisis, and its echoes in Hoccleve and Audelay. It also uses new tools for uncovering proletarian writers in unattributed Middle English works, including the famous Harley 2253 lyrics, the "York Realist's" Second Trial from the York Cycle, St. Erkenwald, and Wynnere and Wastour. Taking in proletarian themes, including class, meritocracy, the abuse of children ("Choristers' Lament"), the gig economy, precarity, and the breaking of intellectual elites ( Book of Margery Kempe ), The Clerical Proletariat and the Resurgence of Medieval English Poetry speaks to both past and present employment urgencies.
The article analyzes the institutional and legal aspects of the activities of the diocesan guardianship for the poor of the clerical ranks in the Tobolsk diocese in 1823–1914. The prerequisites for ...creating a pension system for the clergy, as well as the development of legislative acts regulating the ways to support the retired clergy, their widows and orphans in 19th — early 20th century are considered. The author has shown that Russian legislation for a long time practically did not regulate the material care of the retired clergy, their widows and orphans, leaving them to independently provide for themselves by engaging in trade or profession after the retirement or rely on their relatives, which entailed hereditary parish positions and introversion of the estate. The research covers the history of the Tobolsk diocesan patronage for the poor of clerical ranks, which has been performed at the expense of the previously unstudied fund of the patronage from the State Archives in the town of Tobolsk. The author illustrates functional development of activities of the trusteeship, related to the implementation of church charity in the post-reform period: since 1867 — payments to the clergy, victims of fires; since 1887 — functioning of the emeritial fund for lump sum payments to the retired diocesan clergy, as well as the disposal of orphan property; since 1890 — functioning of the funeral fund. The article analyzes replenishment and spending of funds of the trusteeship on the basis of statistical reports of the Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod on the Department of Orthodoxy and reports of the trusteeship for the poor of clerical ranks published in Tobolsk Diocesan Gazette. The author has concluded that the attempts of diocesan leaders to solve the problem of providing care for the poor clergy and replenishing the budget of the trusteeship in the Tobolsk diocese were unsuccessful, targeted assistance from the trusteeship, provided to the socially vulnerable clergy, their widows and orphans did not play a crucial role in providing the minimum needs of the clergy, although it could somewhat alleviate their plight. Relevance of the article is determined by the need to assess the place and role of the diocesan patronage of the poor of the Tobolsk diocese in the functioning of the synodal system as an element of church-state relations in the Russian Empire in the 19th century.
The first full biography of W. H. H. Murray (1849-1904), a Boston preacher often described as the father of the American outdoor movement and the modern vacation.
Taking Denmark as a case study, this article retraces the ritual of churching of women after childbirth 1750c-1965. Churching offers a new angle into women's religiosity and perception of their ...procreative body. Placed at the intersection of religion and everyday life, churching was as much a clerical ritual as a social custom at the centre of communal life and a feast day for the married mother. Rooted in Levitical childbirth impurity, adopted as a Christian purification ritual, then redefined by Lutheran reformers as a thanksgiving rite, churching continued along parallel tracks in Europe into the nineteenth and twentieth century in many places. Yet churching has fallen out of common memory in Denmark as elsewhere. This article first examines the clerical rite, demonstrating how churching elevated a mother's status in the congregation, affording her time, space and honour, a position she lost when churching ceased. The second part analyses the childbirth cycle from pregnancy to churching when society imposed different norms on women. Childbirth was dangerous and physical vulnerability compounded by widespread fears of evil spirits and a sense of being impure. Rather than simply a thanksgiving ceremony, churching often represented an apotropaic and healing passage back to safety.
Wendy Cadge and Shelly Rambo demonstrate the urgent need,
highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, to position the long history
and practice of chaplaincy within the rapidly changing landscape of
...American religion and spirituality. This book provides a
much-needed road map for training and renewing chaplains across a
professional continuum that spans major sectors of American
society, including hospitals, prisons, universities, the military,
and nursing homes. Written by a team of multidisciplinary experts
and drawing on ongoing research at the Chaplaincy Innovation Lab at
Brandeis University, Chaplaincy and Spiritual Care in the
Twenty-First Century identifies three central
competencies-individual, organizational, and meaning-making-that
all chaplains must have, and it provides the resources for building
those skills. Featuring profiles of working chaplains, the book
positions intersectional issues of religious diversity, race,
ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and other markers of identity as
central to the future of chaplaincy as a profession.
The article considers the events of 1922 related to the withdrawal of church valuables. Organized under the pretext of combating mass famine in the Volga region and a number of other regions, this ...campaign became one of the significant stages of the anti-church policy of the Soviet government in the first years of its existence. It was accompanied by the powerful propaganda pressure and repression against the clergy. All this significantly undermined the position of the Orthodox Church and, in fact, led to its split, due to the emergence of a huge renovationist schism inspired by the state. The author examines the background, course and results of the campaign for seizure values on the example of the Ekaterinburg diocese, where it had a number of regional features, characterized primarily by the fact that both sides of the conflict tried not to take things to extremes. The local clergy (led by the bishop) took a generally neutral position on this issue, with almost no attempt to provide any real opposition to the ongoing requisition. Accordingly, repressions of clergymen and active parishioners by the authorities here, although they did occur, were conducted in a softened form; not a single case of death sentences being passed to “churchmen” was noted. The author has examined in detail the propaganda campaign in the press that preceded the seizure. Presented are the results of the withdrawal of valuables in the province (in financial terms, obviously failed), and the most significant trials against representatives of the diocesan clergy are also described. Among the repressed at that time was the ruling Archbishop of Ekaterinburg Grigory (Yatskovsky); the real reason for his arrest, however, should be recognized not so much his position on the confiscation of valuables, but his refusal to support the Renovationist schism (at first enjoyed the full patronage of the godless authorities). As is known, at that time similar measures were massively applied in relation to other bishops who did not make concessions… The author has used the principles of historicism and objectivism as a methodological basis. The main emphasis of the study is on the use of little-known sources, such as publications of the newspaper “Uralskiy Rabochiy” of that period, and the investigation file of Archbishop Grigory (Yatskovsky), as well as other archival documents.
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