The tandem cold rolling of metal strip is a large, highly complex nonlinear multivariable process the control of which poses a significant engineering challenge. Existing controllers have proven to ...be susceptible to disturbances and uncertainties in process variables and attempts to increase robustness to these phenomena have had their own drawbacks so a new approach is needed. Tandem Cold Metal Rolling Mill Control deals primarily with a novel and practical advanced method for control of tandem cold metal rolling processes based on the recently emerging state-dependent Riccati equation technique. Background material is presented to assist the reader with a general control background to appreciate the significance and practical advantages of the new advanced control scheme over conventional and more recently proposed advanced techniques. A short history of tandem cold rolling is followed by descriptions of various types of cold rolling processes and a basic mathematical model of the process. The diverse conventional and advanced control methods and their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and a detailed treatment of the theoretical and practical aspects of the state-dependent algebraic Riccati equation technique given. The specific details of the new procedure are described in a manner not requiring detailed expertise in the control of tandem cold rolling. The results of simulations performed to verify the control model and overall system performance with the new controller coupled to the process model are included. Simulation results and data derived from actual operating mills are compared so as to make concrete the improvements in performance using the new method. Additionally, material is included which shows the new technique to be capable of extension to the control of a broad range of large-scale complex nonlinear processes. Engineers working with control systems in the metal processing industries will find that the advanced control ideas promulgated here will be of considerable benefit in increasing the robustness of their systems and, therefore, the consistency of their products. Tandem Cold Metal Rolling Mill Control will also interest academics and graduate students interested in advanced automatic control and its practical application and in the uses of the state-dependent Ricatti equation in particular.
Too big to fail Stern, Gary H; Feldman, Ron J; Volcker, Paul A
2004., 2004
eBook
The potential failure of a large bank presents vexing questions for policymakers. It poses significant risks to other financial institutions, to the financial system as a whole, and possibly to the ...economic and social order. Because of such fears, policymakers in many countries--developed and less developed, democratic and autocratic--respond by protecting bank creditors from all or some of the losses they otherwise would face. Failing banks are labeled "too big to fail" (or TBTF). This important new book examines the issues surrounding TBTF, explaining why it is a problem and discussing ways of dealing with it more effectively. Gary Stern and Ron Feldman, officers with the Federal Reserve, warn that not enough has been done to reduce creditors' expectations of TBTF protection. Many of the existing pledges and policies meant to convince creditors that they will bear market losses when large banks fail are not credible, resulting in significant net costs to the economy. The authors recommend that policymakers enact a series of reforms to reduce expectations of bailouts when large banks fail.
Just In Time (JIT) systems in the context of the relations between Japanese manufacturers in Europe and European suppliers of parts and materials have so far received little attention.
Information Visualization is the major revision of a classic work on information visualization. This book explores the art and science of why we see objects the way we do. Based on the science of ...perception and vision, the author presents the key principles at work for a wide range of applications - resulting in visualization of improved clarity, utility, and persuasiveness. This is the first work to use the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations. This unique and essential guide to human visual perception and related cognitive principles will enrich courses on information visualization and empower designers to see their way forward. Its updated review of empirical research and interface design examples will do much to accelerate innovation and adoption of information visualization. New to this edition are a new chapter on visual thinking, new sections on face perception and flow visualization, and a much-expanded chapter on color and color sequences. This book will appeal to interaction designers; graphic designers of all kinds (including web designers); financial analysts; research scientists and engineers; data miners; and managers faced with information-intensive challenges. *First work to use the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations.* Major revision of this classic work, with a new chapter on visual thinking, new sections on face perception and flow visualization, and a much expanded chapter on color and color sequences. *New to this edition is the full color treatment throughout, to better display over 400 illustrations.
This volume assembles and presents a database on bank regulation in over 150 countries (included also on CD). It offered the first comprehensive cross-country assessment of the impact of bank ...regulation on the operation of banks, and assesses the validity of the Basel Committee's influential approach to bank regulation. The treatment also provides an empirical evaluation of the historic debate about the proper role of government in the economy by studying bank regulation and analyzes the role of politics in determining regulatory approaches to banking. The data also indicate that restrictions on the entry of banks, government ownership of banks, and restrictions on bank activities hurt banking system performance. The authors find that domestic political factors shape both regulations and their effectiveness.
Le Locametz® (gozétotide) est un médicament radiopharmaceutique prescrit pour le diagnostic des tumeurs de la prostate exprimant l’antigène membranaire spécifique de la prostate (PSMA). D’après les ...instructions de préparation du Locametz® fournies dans le RCP, celui-ci doit être incubé pendant au moins 5minutes à température ambiante (25±5°C) après élution du gallium-68 dans le flacon. Des contrôles qualité (CQ), dont l’évaluation de la pureté radiochimique (PRC) et du pH, doivent être réalisés avant son administration au patient. La PRC doit être supérieure à 97 % et le pH doit être compris entre 3,2 et 6,5. Dans notre établissement, le Locametz® est conservé au réfrigérateur entre 2 et 8°C. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’influence des paramètres physicochimiques (pH, température) sur la pureté radiochimique du Locametz® obtenue après marquage au gallium-68.
Le chlorure de gallium-68 a été obtenu en éluant par aspiration un générateur Eckert & Ziegler GalliaPharm® (5mL d’acide chlorhydrique 0,1N). La trousse de Locametz® présentait une température de 2,4°C au moment de l’emploi. Les caractères organoleptiques, le pH et la pureté radiochimique ont été déterminés à des temps d’incubation distincts : 5min, 10min, 15min et 35min. La PRC a été déterminée par chromatographie sur couche mince instantanée (ITLC) selon les recommandations du RCP. Un marquage du Locametz® après retour à température ambiante de la trousse a été réalisé pour comparaison.
Au total, le marquage réalisé avec le flacon de Locametz® conservé au réfrigérateur, les puretés radiochimiques obtenues à 5min, 10min, 15min et 35min ont été évaluées. Elles étaient, respectivement, de 46 %, 58 %, 61 % et 81 %. Le pH obtenu était compris entre 3 et 3,5. Tandis que le marquage a été réalisé avec le flacon de Locametz® à température ambiante, la pureté radiochimique était supérieure à 97 % après 5minutes d’incubation et le pH compris entre 3 et 3,5.
La mise à température ambiante du flacon de Locametz® avant radiomarquage semblerait nécessaire pour obtenir une pureté radiochimique supérieure à 97 % dans les temps définis par le RCP. Cette étude montre que la température est un paramètre critique dans le radiomarquage du PSMA au gallium-68.
This book challenges the widely accepted notion that globalization encourages economic convergence--and, by extension, cultural homogenization--across national borders. A systematic comparison of ...organizational change in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain since 1950 finds that global competition forces countries to exploit their distinctive strengths, resulting in unique development trajectories.
New democracies around the world have adopted constitutional courts to oversee the operation of democratic politics. Where does judicial power come from, how does it develop in the early stages of ...democratic liberalization, and what political conditions support its expansion? This book answers these questions through an examination of three constitutional courts in Asia: Taiwan, Korea, and Mongolia. In a region that has traditionally viewed law as a tool of authoritarian rulers, constitutional courts in these three societies are becoming a real constraint on government. In contrast with conventional culturalist accounts, this book argues that the design and functioning of constitutional review are largely a function of politics and interests. Judicial review - the power of judges to rule an act of a legislature or national leader unconstitutional - is a solution to the problem of uncertainty in constitutional design. By providing 'insurance' to prospective electoral losers, judicial review can facilitate democracy.
