Dermatological and cosmetics fields have recently started to focus on the human skin microbiome and microbiota, since the skin microbiota is involved in the health and dysbiosis of the skin ...ecosystem. Amongst the skin microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both commensal bacteria, appear as skin microbiota sentinels. These sentinels have a key role in the skin ecosystem since they protect and prevent microbiota disequilibrium by fighting pathogens and participate in skin homeostasis through the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. These bacteria adapt to changing skin microenvironments and can shift to being opportunistic pathogens, forming biofilms, and thus are involved in common skin dysbiosis, such as acne or atopic dermatitis. The current evaluation methods for cosmetic active ingredient development are discussed targeting these two sentinels with their assets and limits. After identification of these objectives, research of the active cosmetic ingredients and products that maintain and promote these commensal metabolisms, or reduce their pathogenic forms, are now the new challenges of the skincare industry in correlation with the constant development of adapted evaluation methods.
Antimicrobial resistance in anaerobic bacteria is increasing and there is a link between inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and poor clinical outcome in the treatment of infections caused by ...anaerobic bacteria. Accurate and timely antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria is therefore of critical importance. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has recently described a disc diffusion susceptibility testing method for anaerobic bacteria using fastidious anaerobe agar (FAA) supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood (HB). This method was previously validated for Bacteroides spp. only. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of FAA-HB for disc diffusion and also for frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria.
Clinical isolates, including 54 Bacteroides/Phocaeicola/Parabacteroides spp., 49 Prevotella spp., 51 Fusobacterium necrophorum, 58 Clostridium perfringens, and 54 Cutibacterium acnes were evaluated against six antimicrobial agents. MICs were determined by agar dilution following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology, modified to use FAA-HB as recommended by EUCAST, instead of supplemented Brucella agar, and disc diffusion was performed on FAA-HB following EUCAST methodology.
Results for quality control strains were reproducible, with 99.3% of zones within range. Disc diffusion by EUCAST methodology was able to distinguish between susceptible and resistant isolates of anaerobic bacteria for benzylpenicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole (98.7% correct categorization). No isolates resistant to vancomycin were tested, but zone diameters correctly categorized the susceptible isolates, and there was a logical relationship between MICs and inhibition zones.
The recently published EUCAST method for disc diffusion for anaerobic bacteria based on FAA-HB is a reproducible and accurate method for susceptibility testing of frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria.
•Oxidized cellulose is a widely used hemostatic material during neurosurgery procedures.•It can be involved in granulomatous reactions leading to edema, cell migration, and compression of adjacent ...tissues.•Despite its rarity, foreign body granulomas due to oxidized cellulose and brain abscess can be concomitant entities.•They should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of an intracranial mass after prior surgery.
Oxidized cellulose is a widely used hemostatic material during neurosurgery procedures due to its sterile and bioabsorbable properties. Nevertheless, it can be involved in granulomatous reactions leading to edema, cell migration, and compression of adjacent tissues.
Herein, we report the case of a patient with impaired neurological status 13 days after a frontal lobe cavernoma resection. Initially, a brain abscess was considered based on the Computed Tomography Scan (CT) pattern. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated. He was taken to emergency drainage of a brain abscess based on images, with pathology and surgical findings compatible with a granulomatous reaction associated with hemostatic agents and isolation of cutibacterium acnes in postoperative cultures. Adjustments in the antibiotic therapy were made according to the culture results.
Despite its rarity, foreign body granulomas due to hemostatic agents should be considered as a differential diagnosis to neurological impairment in the postoperative period, bearing in mind its routinary use. To our knowledge, there are no reports of brain surgicelomas and concomitant brain abscess caused by cutibacterium acnes.
Bacterial flora are present in various parts of the human body, including the intestine, and are thought to be involved in the etiology of various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, intestinal ...diseases, cancer, and uterine diseases. In recent years, the presence of bacterial 16S rRNA genes has been revealed in blood, which was previously thought to be a sterile environment, and characteristic blood microbiomes have been detected in various diseases. However, the mechanism and the origin of the bacterial information are unknown. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of bacterial DNA in serum extracellular vesicles from five healthy donors and seven patients with renal cell carcinoma and detected Cutibacterium acnes DNA as a characteristic bacterial DNA in the serum extracellular vesicles of patients with renal cell carcinoma. In addition, C. acnes DNA was significantly reduced in postoperative serum extracellular vesicles from patients with renal cell carcinoma compared with that in preoperative serum extracellular vesicles from these patients and was also detected in tumor tissue and extracellular vesicles from tumor tissue-associated microbiota, suggesting an association between C. acnes extracellular vesicles and renal cell carcinoma. C. acnes extracellular vesicles were taken up by renal carcinoma cells to enhance their proliferative potential. C. acnes extracellular vesicles also exhibited tumor-promoting activity in a mouse model of renal cancer allografts with enhanced angiogenesis. These results suggest that extracellular vesicles released by C. acnes localized in renal cell carcinoma tissues act in a tumor-promoting manner.
Cutibacterium acnes is a known opportunistic pathogen in orthopedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs). The species of C. acnes comprises distinct phylotypes. Previous studies suggested that C. ...acnes can cause single- as well as multi-typic infections, i.e. infections caused by multiple strains of different phylotypes. However, it is not known if different C. acnes phylotypes are organized in a complex biofilm community, which could constitute a multicellular strategy to increase biofilm strength and persistency. Here, the interactions of two C. acnes strains belonging to phylotypes IB and II were determined in co-culture experiments. No adverse interactions between the strains were observed in liquid culture or on agar plates; instead, biofilm formation in both microtiter plates and on titanium discs was significantly increased when combining both strains. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that both strains co-occurred throughout the biofilm. Transcriptome analyses revealed strain-specific alterations of gene expression in biofilm-embedded cells compared to planktonic growth, in particular affecting genes involved in carbon and amino acid metabolism. Overall, our results provide first insights into the nature of dual-type biofilms of C. acnes, suggesting that strains belonging to different phylotypes can form biofilms together with additive effects. The findings might influence the perception of C. acnes OIAIs in terms of diagnosis and treatment.
This study evaluated the biological properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts. The EtOAc extract of lemongrass had DPPH, TEAC, and nitric oxide-scavenging activity assay results of ...58.06, 44.14, and 41.08% at the concentration of 50, 10, and 50 μg/ml, respectively. The EtOAc extract had higher elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities than the 80% MeOH, n-hexane, BuOH, and water extracts and comparable whitening activity toward monophenolase or diphenolase. Also, the EtOAc fraction had higher lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities against Cutibacterium acnes among extracts which is known to an important contributor to the progression of inflammatory acne vulgaris, and an opportunistic pathogen present in human skin. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in the EtOAc extract were 132.31 mg CAE/g extract and 104.50 mg NE/g extract, respectively. Biologically active compounds in lemongrass extracts were analyzed by LC-MS. This study confirms that lemongrass extracts have potential use as cosmetic skincare ingredients. Thus, lemongrass can be considered a promising natural source of readily available, low-cost extracts rich in antioxidant, skincare, and antimicrobial compounds that might be suitable for replacing synthetic compounds in the cosmeceutical industry.
role is well described during acne but remains a mystery regarding its implication in bone and prosthesis or cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. The main issue is that these low-grade symptom ...infections are difficult to diagnose and lead to irreversible and grave sequelae for patients. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find new biomarkers to accelerate the diagnosis of disease, an issue addressed by Beaver et al. thanks to a promising proteomic approach.
Bacteria belonging to
genus, in particular methicillin-resistant
and multidrug-resistant
, together with
are the main strains involved in skin disease. The increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria ...has revived attention on natural compounds as alternative agents for the treatment management. Among these, hop extract, a hydroalcoholic solution obtained from experimental crops of
L. variety
(hop), displays diverse biological properties including an antimicrobial one. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the capacity to inhibit the biofilm formation of a characterized hop extract against
and
multidrug-resistant strains and against a
strain. The hop extract was characterized by (i) phytochemical analysis through a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorimetric method, (ii) biocompatibility test with
L., (iii) cytotoxicity against two cell lines, (iv) docking analysis, and (v) antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities by detection of zones inhibition, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), biomass quantification, and cell viability. The hop extract was biocompatible and non-cytotoxic at all tested concentrations. HPLC analysis revealed significant levels of gallic acid, resveratrol, and rutin. This last compound was the most representative displaying a high affinity against PBP2a and KAS III (Ki values in the submicromolar range). The characterized hop extract showed a good antimicrobial action with MICs ranging from 1 to 16 μg/mL and was able to inhibit the biofilm formation of all tested strains, except for two
strains. The biofilm formed in presence of the hop extract was significantly reduced in most cases, even when present at a concentration of 1/4 MIC. The live/dead images showed a remarkable inhibition in the biofilm formation by hop extract with a weak killing action. Overall, the tested hop extract is a good candidate to further explore for its use in the prevention of infection particularly, by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
Background:
Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis (CVO) is a rare pathology that leads to progressive osseous degradation and eventual loss of bone putting the patient at risk of devastating neurological ...injury in the event of bony collapse or instability.
Cutibacterium acnes
formerly called
Propionibacterium acnes
is rare, but within the last two decades has been an increasingly reported cause of osteomyelitis. The majority of
C. acnes
vertebral osteomyelitis cases have been reported in patients with a history of prior invasive procedures where direct contamination at the time of procedure was suspected as the underlying etiology.
Case Description:
We report a unique case of an otherwise healthy 39-year-old male with no prior history of invasive procedures who presented with CVO secondary to
C. acnes
. He underwent surgical debridement and fusion in conjunction with antibiotic treatment. The patient recovered well and a 2-year follow-up with serial imaging showed no evidence of disease recurrence.
Conclusion:
C. acnes
is an under-recognized and under-reported etiology of spine infections. Clinicians should be aware of the pathological potential and atypical presentation of
C. acnes
vertebral osteomyelitis.
Hydrogen peroxide is an inexpensive and effective antimicrobial agent that can be implemented in surgical skin preparations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the decolonization effect of ...Cutibacterium acnes when adding hydrogen peroxide to a standard sterile preparation for shoulder surgery.
This was a single-institution, prospective, randomized controlled trial of male patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy (April 2018 and May 2019). Patients were randomized to a standard skin preparation vs. an additional sterile preparation with 3% hydrogen peroxide. After draping, a 3-mm punch biopsy was obtained from the posterior arthroscopic portal site of all patients. Anaerobic and aerobic culture substrates were used and held for 13 days.
Seventy male patients were randomized into the hydrogen peroxide group and 70 male patients were in the traditional group. Twelve (17.1%) patients in the hydrogen peroxide group and 24 (34.2%) patients in the traditional group had positive cultures for C acnes (P = .033). Cultures were positive at a mean of 4.5 days (range 3-7) in the hydrogen peroxide group and 4.1 days (range 3-8) in the traditional group (P = .48). There were no cases of skin reaction to the surgical preparation in either group.
The results of this study suggest that the addition of hydrogen peroxide to preoperative surgical site preparation can reduce the C acnes culture rate. Hydrogen peroxide is inexpensive and can be added to the typical skin preparation used prior to shoulder surgery without substantial risk of skin reactions.
PDF
