X-ray detectors have numerous applications in medical imaging, industrial inspection, and crystal structure analysis. Gallium oxide (Gasub.2Osub.3) shows potential as a material for high-performance ...X-ray detectors due to its wide bandgap, relatively high mass attenuation coefficient, and resistance to radiation damage. In this study, we present Sn-doped Gasub.2Osub.3 microwire detectors for solar-blind and X-ray detection. The developed detectors exhibit a switching ratio of 1.66 × 10sup.2 under X-ray irradiation and can operate stably from room temperature to 623 K, which is one of the highest reported operating temperatures for Gasub.2Osub.3 X-ray detectors to date. These findings offer a promising new direction for the design of Gasub.2Osub.3-based X-ray detectors.
Since Kelly's pioneering work on GLRT-based adaptive detection, many solutions have been proposed to enhance either selectivity or robustness of radar detectors to mismatched signals. In this paper ...such a problem is addressed in a different space, called CFAR feature plane and given by a suitable maximal invariant, where observed data are mapped to clusters that can be analytically described. The characterization of the trajectories and shapes of such clusters is provided and exploited for both analysis and design purposes, also shedding new light on the behavior of several well-known detectors. Novel linear and non-linear detectors are proposed with diversified robust or selective behaviors, showing that through the proposed framework it is not only possible to achieve the same performance of well-known receivers obtained by a radically different design approach (namely GLRT), but also to devise detectors with unprecedented behaviors: in particular, our results show that the highest standard of selectivity can be achieved without sacrifying neither detection power under matched conditions nor CFAR property.
About 2% of selenium was added to CdMnTe (CMT) to reveal the role of selenium in CMT material used as a gamma-ray detector. The average etch-pit density (EPD) in a typical 2-in CdMnTeSe (CMTS) wafer ...was measured to be about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">8.3\,\, {}\times {}10^{3} </tex-math></inline-formula> cm−2 except for the edge regions, and the radial nonuniformity of the bandgap along the wafer was about 2-meV. The typical mobility-lifetime product of electrons and holes was evaluated to be <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.06\,\, {}\times {}10^{-3} </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2/V and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.1\,\, {}\times {}10^{-4} </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2/V, respectively. The energy resolution of the 122-keV photo-peak for a Co-57 radioactive source with a planar CMTS detector was 5.2%, demonstrating a positive effect associated with adding dilute amounts of Se to CMT. The enhanced detector performance in a planar CMTS detector is attributed to an improved value of hole mobility-lifetime product in CMTS, which mitigates the adverse hole tailing effect found in CdZnTe (CZT) and CMT detectors.
The distributions of transverse momentum and longitudinal momentum fraction of charged particles in jets are measured in Pb+Pb and pp collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The distributions ...are measured as a function of jet transverse momentum and rapidity. The analysis utilises an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb Formula omitted of Pb+Pb data and 4.0 pb Formula omitted of pp data collected in 2011 and 2013, respectively, at the same centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per colliding nucleon pair. The distributions measured in pp collisions are used as a reference for those measured in Pb+Pb collisions in order to evaluate the impact on the internal structure of jets from the jet energy loss of fast partons propagating through the hot, dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Modest but significant centrality-dependent modifications of fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb collisions with respect to those in pp collisions are seen. No significant dependence of modifications on jet Formula omitted and rapidity selections is observed except for the fragments with the highest transverse momenta for which some reduction of yields is observed for more forward jets.
This article presents a 5.2-Mpixel, 12-in wafer-scale CMOS X-ray detector that consists of lithographically stitched 169 sub-chips. The detector employs a 3T pixel with a voltage-controlled storage ...capacitor to achieve both a low dark random noise (RN) and a large well capacity, and the pixel outputs are read out by column-parallel continuous-time (CT) incremental delta-sigma (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Delta \Sigma </tex-math></inline-formula>) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The use of a CT incremental <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Delta \Sigma </tex-math></inline-formula> ADC enables high resolution and low energy consumption while securing uniformity and robustness over the 12-in wafer. This work is fabricated in a 1P4M 65-nm CMOS technology. The 16-bit ADC implemented within a 45-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> pitch achieves a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of +0.79/−0.65 LSB, an integral nonlinearity (INL) of +6.85/−6.15 LSB, and a peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 88.5 dB with a conversion time of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">12.6~\mu \text{s} </tex-math></inline-formula>. This detector achieves a CFPN of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">181~\mu \text {V}_{\text {rms}} </tex-math></inline-formula>, a dark RN of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">267~\mu \text {V}_{\text {rms}} </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a DR of 88.4 dB while consuming 3.9 W at 30 frames/s. Compared with the state of the arts, this work achieves <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3\times </tex-math></inline-formula> larger spatial resolution, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.8\times </tex-math></inline-formula> higher pixel rate, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.9\times </tex-math></inline-formula> higher energy-efficiency, and 17 dB higher DR, simultaneously.
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