This article presents an overarching review of the evidence regarding enterprise diversity. It discusses the context of ethnic minorities and women in enterprise and summarises research evidence ...relating to their relative access to finance, market selection and management skills. Policy within the field of diversity and enterprise is characterised by a number of tensions and unresolved questions including the presence of perceived or actual discrimination, the quantity and quality of ethnic minority and women-led businesses, potential market failure in the support provided to diverse enterprises and the substantive uniqueness of ethnic minority and women-led enterprises. Particular implications for policy and practice as well as directions for future research are discussed.
During a research in 2015 on the representation of Roma culture among content regulators and content carriers, as well as their development opportunities, we investigated whether the optional ...textbooks for teaching in public education contain relevant information about the domestic nationalities, with a focus on the Roma population, which could be mandatory elements of the basic knowledge material according to the requirements of the Hungarian National core curriculum, the Framework Curricula, and the local curricula based on them. (see Orsós 2015, 2016; Csapó Cserti 2016; Andl Cserti 2017) In the research we reviewed the results of previous studies on this topic (Terestyéni 2004; Balázs et al. 2014; BinderPálos 2016). The first examination of the textbooks ended with very negative experiences. The optional textbooks rarely contained information about nationalities in Hungary, and among them, this neglect was even more noticeable in relation to Roma. Despite the fact that each subject is suitable for meeting the content and sensitization expectations for national minorities set out in the curricula, it conveys social acceptance and a multicultural approach. Contents were published just in some of the examined textbooks, but these were without exception either inaccurate or rather hid the danger of deepening stereotypical thinking. It also became clear how difficult task it is for the textbook author to simultaneously meet the curriculum requirements of the education policy, the age characteristics and previous professional knowledge of the students, the professional expectations of the teachers society, and the content, visual and didactic expectations of textbooks (see Dárdai 2002; Balázs et al. 2017), together with social and parental needs, the actual school frameworks and possibilities of teaching geography should also be taken into account (e.g. number of lectures, professional knowledge of practicing teachers, their social sensitivity, etc.). From this latter point of view, the study reflects on what and how can be taught from the customers package required by the domestic education policy in relation to the socio-economic-territorial approach of the nationalities, including the Roma population.
One of the core elements of the contemporary Latin American indigenous activism is postcolonial ethnonationalism, oriented towards ethnic, cultural, social, and civic emancipation. It has been ...developed to facilitate the struggle for the native rights, the defence of the ethnic territory, to maintain identity and protect own heritage. The inventors and disseminators of the concept are representatives of the emerging indigenous elite, usually controlling many ethnic organizations. That new social group, referred to sometimes as neo-Indians, is very heterogeneous and composed of the grass-roots leaders, experienced activists, educated professionals, rebellious youth, and intellectuals. There are among them ethnic leaders, politicians, journalists, artists, writers, scientists, teachers, students, lawyers, small entrepreneurs, and many other influential people. All of them have contributed to the formation of emancipative ideas, shaping the syncretic world outlook of the contemporary native peoples, which is an important factor underpinning their modern ethnic identity. The ideology of ethnonationalism, based on the concept of indianismo (indigenous interests expressed and safeguarded by the native people themselves) is a creative combination of traits of different origins. Among them, four components are of special significance: (i) transmuted ethnic ideas but rooted in the native culture; (ii) original features invented in the course of the ethnic mobilization; (iii) concepts borrowed from the international and global discourse, and adapted to the local needs; and (iv) ideas taken directly from the contemporary political, social, and judicial thought. Different combinations of these traits are present both in indigenous ethnonationalism and in the ethnic activism associated therewith. They serve as a building material for the native political projects and their symbolism, help to reinterpret the vision of the native past, facilitate the development of intercultural education, inspire the aboriginal concepts of ecology, enable the revival of ancient religion, lead to the restitution of social justice, and strengthen the formation of modern ethnicity. Reflections on the development of that process, where all these different elements have been put together, and on the role of the native elite in the formation of ethnonationalism, are at the centre of this study. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork and anthropological research carried out in four Andean countries (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile), where indigenous mobilization has been a significant factor in the social and political life since the second half of the twentieth century.
•Describes a theory of motivation based on causal thinking.•Discusses what is unique about this theory and its application to real-world motivational concerns.•Outlines and intrapersonal and an ...interpersonal theory of motivation.
Attribution theory is concerned with the perceived causes of success and failure. The main principles of the theory are reviewed, with a focus on both antecedents and consequences of perceived causality. Among the antecedents or determinants of attributions discussed are teacher behaviors, such as praise and blame that can indirectly function as a low ability cue. Consequences are reviewed in light of three properties or dimensions of causes: locus, stability, and controllability. Each dimension is uniquely linked to particular psychological and behavioral outcomes; empirical evidence in support of each causal dimension-consequence linkage is presented. A unique contribution of attribution theory is that it addresses the antecedents and consequences of both intrapersonal attributions (how one perceives the self) and interpersonal attributions (how one perceives other people). Directions for future research are discussed, including more attention to innovative methods for studying attributions, multi- pronged and multi-level intervention approaches that include an attributional component, and incorporating race/ethnicity into the attributional model.
The early research of Gypsies, romology, then the visible and the hidden processes of tziganology in anthropology included a shift in the state of understanding between the hillside of critical ...interpretation studies and that of local group psychology. They also involved the research of folk tales, dancing, poverty, examining segregation and participatory action methodology as well as innovation and rebirth of the musicological research of Gypsy music. The terminological aspect of us and others, expressing alterity and identity, points towards the more complex study of (ethnic) minorities, moreover knowledge and field studies, and results of examining narratives (such as tales, dances, visual works of art, publicity, religion and community), bring us closer (by way of political and scientific pragmatism) to signalling a new era of empathic understanding. The aim of the paper is to highlight the ways leading to that goal, putting the musical aspects of the shift in focus, consisting of stylistic inventions, a world-music-based openness towards instruments and performance cultures, which nevertheless still carries the signs of a new era of projection and knowledge contents, first-person-narrative and narrative identities. Finding answers to the question where did it come from might be aided by contemplating where does it go. This would be both the aim and partially the structure of my thematic essay.
Using toponym data, population data, and night-time light data, we visualized the development index of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups on ArcGIS as well as the distribution of ...25 ethnic minorities in the study area. First, we extracted the toponym data of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area, combined with night-time light data and the population proportion data of each ethnic group, then we obtained the development index of each ethnic group in the study area. We compared the development indexes of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups with higher development indexes. The results show that the Yi nationality’s development index was the highest, reaching 28.86 (with two decimal places), and the Dai nationality’s development index was the lowest (15.22). The areas with the highest minority development index were concentrated in the core area of the minority development, and the size varied with the minority’s distance. According to the distribution of ethnic minorities, we found that the Yi ethnic group was distributed in almost the entire study area, while other ethnic minorities had obvious geographical distribution characteristics, and there were multiple ethnic minorities living together. This research is of great significance to the cultural protection of ethnic minorities, the development of ethnic minorities, and the remote sensing mapping of lights at night.
The authors review research that has used social cognitive career theory as a frame to investigate factors that may explain science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) choices and work ...decisions for women and racial–ethnic minorities, as well as barriers to their entry to STEM careers. The research is reviewed by age-groups. Most of this research has focused on factors associated with early choices (e.g., in high school and younger), but more recent work has focused on choices in college and in the workplace, particularly for women. The authors conclude with a critique and call for more research.
This review assessed the efficacy of adapted psychological interventions for Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups. A conceptual typology was developed based on adaptations reported in the ...literature, drawing on the common factors model, competence frameworks and distinctions between types of cultural adaptations. These distinctions were used to explore the efficacy of different adaptations in improving symptoms of a range of mental health problems for minority groups. Bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, ASSIA, CENTRAL, CDSR and CINAHL spanned the period from 1965 to December 2020. Adaptations to interventions were categorised: i) treatment specific: therapist-related, ii) treatment-specific: content-related and iii) organisation-specific. Meta-analyses of RCTs found a significant effect on symptom reduction when adapted interventions were compared to non-adapted active treatments (K = 30, Hedge's g = -0.43 95% CI: -0.61, -0.25, p < .001). Studies often incorporated multiple adaptations, limiting the exploration of the comparative effectiveness of different adaptation types, although inclusion of organisation-specific adaptations may be associated with greater benefits. Future research, practitioner training and treatment and service development pertaining to adapted care for minority groups may benefit from adopting the conceptual typology described.
•Ethnic minority groups benefit from adapted psychological interventions•Identifying the most efficacious adaptation types is challenging•Services might consider organisation-specific adaptations•Consistency is needed in the definitions of cultural adaptations
The article found that the Ukrainian diaspora was an integral component of Ukrainian ethnic integrity. Numerous public, cultural and educational institutions created by emigrants in their places of ...residence stood guard over Ukrainian national interests and, despite all obstacles, conducted fruitful cooperation with Ukrainians in the Motherland. In order to preserve and develop the Ukrainian language, representatives of the diaspora paid great attention to the release of the Ukrainian printed word into the world. Due to total censorship in the Ukrainian SSR, Ukrainians abroad contributed to the publication abroad of many Ukrainian works that were banned in Ukraine. By means of international tourism, international student exchange, and world radio broadcasting, contacts between Ukrainian and foreign youth were gradually established, and the spheres of communication expanded. The main task of the Ukrainian diaspora was to preserve the ethnic and cultural identities of the Ukrainian nation, and consolidate the scattered emigration forces for the sole purpose of preparing a political and professional basis for the acquisition of an independent, cathedral Ukrainian state.
The social and cultural fabric of Québec has been profoundly transformed for about twenty years. Québec, and in particular Montréal, have now become increasingly plural. In an almost irreversible ...way, the borders move or are reduced. Dany Laferrière, a writer originally from Haiti who decided, following his voluntary exile in Québec, to publish exclusively in Montreal and in French and to live in Miami, writes from a space which is at the same time both within, and peripheral to Québec society. His marginality is expressed both explicitly in the thematic material of his writing and textually through choices of language and form. «Auteur déplacé», he does not like classifications: black, Haitian, French, Quebec, etc., but he is considered an American writer. His Americanness, accompanied by an opaque, nomadic, and wandering writing style, reveals a plural identity belonging and a hybrid cultural belonging. Montréal, Miami, New York are just his writing spaces, because for Laferrière literature is a journey and not a place of confinement.
PDF
