Los registros que desarrolla el contador público se amparan mediante comprobantes fiscales, los que tienen un doble propósito: uno de naturaleza contable y otro de índole fiscal; el primero consiste ...en llevar un control y registro analítico de la información que deriva de cada una de las operaciones comerciales o de servicios de su cliente; el segundo permite demostrar la percepción de los ingresos, gastos, deducciones y acreditamientos, que sirven para integrar adecuadamente la base gravable. Mediante el presente trabajo, se analiza el desarrollo evolutivo de los comprobantes fiscales en nuestro país, así como las medidas de política fiscal de las autoridades administrativas para combatir prácticas atípicas como la evasión y la elusión.
The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of financial policy and its features at different levels of the financial system. The gaps in scientific research in financial ...policy analysis are outlined (there is no unambiguous interpretation of the concept of financial policy and its components; there are problems in structuring financial policy due to its incomplete classification and lack of orderliness). The need for the study of financial policy is identified because of its importance at the micro and macro levels of the economy. The terminological analysis of the concept of financial policy was carried out, the conclusion of which was the assertion that this concept is multidirectional, with attention focused on two directions of interpretation of financial policy – the financial policy of the state and the financial policy of the enterprise. The own interpretation of the concept of financial policy as a system is proposed. The choice of a systematic approach to defining the essence of financial policy is substantiated. The approaches of scientists to the structuring of financial policy are investigated. The common classification features of the financial policy of the state and the economic entity (by components, validity period, and tasks) are singled out. New classification features of the financial policy of the economic entity are proposed in view of the relationship with the concept of the financial policy of the state (according to the sources of formation, the way of interaction with the state, and directions of implementation). The classification of the financial policy of the economic entity (according to the types of activity and form of ownership) is separately supplemented. Approaches to the interpretation of the essence of a banking institution are determined. Based on the study, the interpretation of the concept of «financial policy of a banking institution» is proposed.
We examine how product market threats influence firm payout policy and cash holdings. Using firms' product text descriptions, we develop new measures of competitive threats. Our primary measure, ...product market fluidity, captures changes in rival firms' products relative to the firm's products. We show that fluidity decreases firm propensity to make payouts via dividends or repurchases and increases the cash held by firms, especially for firms with less access to financial markets. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that firms' financial policies are significantly shaped by product market threats and dynamics.
This paper aims to analyze the impact of financial policies on employee behaviour at a university in East Kalimantan, which is analyzed using the theory of planned behaviour with MARS model. This ...study used a qualitative case study type approach, in which researchers used interviews, observation and documentation to obtain accurate information and data. Data analysis was carried out through data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that transparent and accountable financial policies have a pretty good impact on the behaviour of the academic community at the Muhammadiyah University of Berau, starting from building good employee motivation, optimizing the implementation of the tri dharma of higher education, creating a sense of individual ownership of the organization and creating an excellent organizational culture. This research contributes to the importance of leaders in conducting their financial analysis appropriately and based on local wisdom so that the resulting policies will tremendously impact organizational progress.
In response to concerns about rapid climate change and air pollution, electric vehicles (EVs) have been diffusing rapidly in some countries since the early 2010s. Many researchers have investigated ...the value attributes affecting consumers' attitudes to and behaviors around EVs. Little effort has been made, however, to identify the interacting factors in the relationship between perceived value and adoption. To fill this research gap, we examine the moderating effects of environmental traits and government supports on adoption intention. Using survey data collected from 285 drivers in Korea, we identify the significant impacts of perceived value as a predictor of consumers' intention to adopt EVs. Operational economic benefit and charging risk are revealed as the main motivators of and barriers to EV diffusion, respectively. We also find that environmental concern and financial incentives significantly enhance the effects of perceived value on adoption intention. The implications of these findings for the success of EV market diffusion are discussed.
•We identified benefits and risks influencing the intention to adopt EVs in Korea.•We analyzed the moderating effects of environmental traits and government supports.•Operational economic benefit and charging risk were perceived as critical issues.•Environmental concern enhanced the relationship between value and adoption.•Financial incentives played a positive moderating role in EV adoption.
We show that peer firms play an important role in determining corporate capital structures and financial policies. In large part, firms' financing decisions are responses to the financing decisions ...and, to a lesser extent, the characteristics of peer firms. These peer effects are more important for capital structure determination than most previously identified determinants. Furthermore, smaller, less successful firms are highly sensitive to their larger, more successful peers, but not vice versa. We also quantify the externalities generated by peer effects, which can amplify the impact of changes in exogenous determinants on leverage by over 70%.
The construction of a green financial system is of great practical significance for promoting the high-quality development of China's green economy and accelerating the process of achieving the goal ...of carbon neutrality. To explore the innovation effect and the effect of pollutant emission reduction of green financial policies theoretically and further examined by empirical results, we construct an endogenous growth model that considers green financial policies and heterogeneous production technologies based on the biased technological progress theory and explore the dynamic relationship between technological progress and pollutant emission reduction. Additionally, we employ the synthetic control method to examine the effect of innovation and emission reduction of pilot zones for green finance reform policies. Theoretically, (1) the direction of technological progress results from the interaction of the existing technological levels, sectoral R&D efficiency, and heterogeneous credit policies; (2) The stronger the credit preferential policies, the greater the promotion effect on green innovation; (3) The emissions reduction effect appears only when there is a strong substitution relationship between clean and polluting intermediates. From empirical results, (4) the implementation of green financial policies in Guangzhou promotes green technological progress. However, subject to potential influences from R&D efficiency, financial development scale, and production technology levels, the green financial policies implemented in Huzhou, Quzhou, and Karamay do not significantly promote green innovation; (5) The green finance has a positive policy effect on emission reduction and improvement in environmental quality, although the effect exhibits a time lag. Finally, we propose policy suggestions to advance the green financial system construction, thereby fostering regional innovation and emission reduction.
•The theoretical model explores the relationship among green finance, technical direction reversal, and emissions reduction.•Technical reversal direction results from the interaction of existing tech levels, R&D efficiency and varied credit policies.•Stronger credit preferences in green finance policies significantly boost green technology innovation.•The implementation of green finance policies in Guangzhou promotes regional green technological progress.•Green finance policies positively impact pollutant emissions reduction, though there is a delay in effectiveness.
Refinancing Risk and Cash Holdings HARFORD, JARRAD; KLASA, SANDY; MAXWELL, WILLIAM F.
The Journal of finance (New York),
June 2014, Volume:
69, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We find that firms mitigate refinancing risk by increasing their cash holdings and saving cash from cash flows. The maturity of firms' long-term debt has shortened markedly, and this shortening ...explains a large fraction of the increase in cash holdings over time. Consistent with the inference that cash reserves are particularly valuable for firms with refinancing risk, we document that the value of these reserves is higher for such firms and that they mitigate underinvestment problems. Our findings imply that refinancing risk is a key determinant of cash holdings and highlight the interdependence of a firm's financial policy decisions.
Capital Control Measures: A New Dataset FERNÁNDEZ, ANDRÉS; KLEIN, MICHAEL W.; REBUCCI, ALESSANDRO ...
IMF economic review,
08/2016, Volume:
64, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper presents a new data set of capital controls by inflows and outflows for 10 asset categories in 100 countries during 1995-2013. Building on the data in Schindler (2009) and other data sets ...based on the analysis of the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAER), this data set covers additional asset categories, more countries, and a longer time period. The paper discusses in detail the construction of the data and characterizes them with respect to the prevalence and correlation of controls across asset categories and between inflow and outflow controls, the aggregation of the separate categories into broader indicators, the experience of some particular countries, and the comparison of these data with others indices of capital controls.
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