Objective of the Study: In football, one of the branches with a large audience in the world, it is thought that ever-increasing performance, the strengthening of competition and the desire to succeed ...as well as technical-tactical, psychological, and psychological needs and the improvement of physical and physiological characteristics at the most appropriate level will contribute positively to the performance of football players. Especially in football competitions, high-intensity actions may cause athletes to spend higher effort. Many qualities of football players should be improved to perform these actions at the most appropriate level and to protect them from injuries. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between FMS (Functional Movement Screen) scores and isokinetic lower body strength of football players. Method: The correlational survey model was preferred as the research model of the study. The sample group consisted of a total of 28 volunteer football players competing at the level of amateur league. The maximum strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles of the participants was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer device (Cybex NORM®, Humac, CA, USA) that allows to record instantaneous isokinetic torque. The FMS test was applied to assess mobilisation and stabilisation of football players. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to compare the relationship between isokinetic lower body strength and FMS scores. Findings: When the FMS scores and right and left knee flexion/extension degrees were analysed, no statistically significant correlation was found between the parameters. Conclusion: The results of the statistical analysis revealed no correlation between FMS scores and right-left knee flexion and extension parameters of the amateur football players. Accordingly, it is suggested to include FMS applications in the training programmes of the football players and contribute to their performance by minimising their injuries and providing neuromuscular coordination and thus to make contribution to the related literature and to guide future studies.
Purpose: To investigate the reliability of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in basketball players. A few studies have compared the reliability of FMS between raters with different experience in ...athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the FMS scoring between the beginners and expert raters using video records. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study subjects comprised 15 elite boy basketball players. The subjects were randomly selected and each of them completed FMS tests. Three examiners (two beginners and one expert) watched the recorded video separately and scored the tests. We used the Kinovea video-analysis software for data analysis. The test-retest reliability was assessed using Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Also inter-tester reliability of each test was computed using Fleiss’ kappa test. Results: The mean (SD) total FMS score for rater 1, rater 2, and rater 3 were 14.17(1.26), 14.17(1.94), and 13.67(1.67), respectively. There was no significant difference between examiners with respect to total FMS score (P=0.136). Half of the individual FMS components had perfect agreement, and rest were categorized as moderate to substantial agreement. The high and moderate values of ICC as 0.88~0.99 and 0.71~0.91 were observed for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Conclusion: The examiners reported FMS total scores similarly. The inter-rater reliability for the test components had strong agreement. This finding suggests that FMS can be used in the evaluation of the abnormal movement patterns of the athletes.
Recent research has shown that post-primary Irish youth are insufficiently active and fail to reach a level of proficiency across basic fundamental movement skills. The purpose of the current ...research was to gather cross-sectional data on adolescent youth, differentiated by gender, specifically to inform the development of a targeted movement-oriented intervention. Data were collected on adolescents (
N
= 219; mean age : 14.45 ± 0.96 years), within two, mixed-gender schools. Data collection included actual and perceived movement measurements comprised of fundamental movement skills, the functional movement screen, perceived movement confidence, and perceived functional confidence. Overall, levels of actual mastery within fundamental and functional movement were low, with significant gender differences observed. Adolescent males scored higher in the overall fundamental movement skill domain (male mean score = 70.87 ± 7.05; female mean score = 65.53 ± 7.13), yet lower within the functional movement screen (male mean score = 13.58 ± 2.59), in comparison to their female counterparts (female mean score = 14.70 ± 2.16). There were high levels of perceived confidence reported within fundamental and functional movement scales. Future intervention strategies should combat the low levels of actual movement skill proficiency, while identifying the reasons for higher perceived movement confidence within adolescents.
The relationship between balance, knee muscle strength, jump height and risk of injury has not been clearly stated in female volleyball athletes. The study was to determine whether a correlation ...exists between knee joint isokinetic muscle strength, risk of injury, balance and jump height in female volleyball athletes. Twenty-two female volleyball athletes were involved into the study. Knee muscle strength were evaluated with the Biodex 3® isokinetic dynamometer. Jump performances were evaluated with the countermovement (CMJ) jump test using the Vert Jump® Motion Sensitive Sensor. The injury risk for all players were evaluated by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS®). Balance measurements were performed with a dynamometer Biodex Systems 3® device. There was a significant relationship between CMJ height, knee flexion and extension peak torque and H:Q ratio values at two angular velocities, dynamic balance and total FMS® scores (p < .05). However, contralateral deficit statistically significant were not related between CMJ height, dynamic balance and FMS® scores (p > .05). We suggest that all clinicians and coaches involved in the protective and preventive rehabilitation phase evaluate these parameters and plan their training programs in line with the results obtained in increasing both individual and team performance of athletes.
This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined associations between several fatness indicators and fitness components with functional movement quality in overweight/obese children. A ...total of 56 children (33 girls, aged 8-12) classified as overweight/obese according to the World Obesity Federation standard cut points, participated in this study. Participants underwent assessments of fatness body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance measures, fitness 1 repetition maximum bench and leg press, and ALPHA test battery, and functional movement quality 4 tests from Functional Movement Screen
TM
(FMS). All fatness outcomes, except waist circumference, were negatively associated with total FMS score, after controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs muscle strength, and speed-agility were positively associated with the total FMS score, regardless of BMI. Our results suggest that children with greater fatness indicators demonstrate lower functional movement quality independently of their fitness level, whereas children with better fitness level (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs muscular strength, and speed-agility) demonstrate greater functional movement quality independently of their fatness level. However, children´s weight status seems to be more determinant than their fitness level in terms of functional movement quality, whereas being fit seems to moderately attenuate the negative influence of fatness.
The Functional Movement Screen and Injury Risk Bushman, Timothy T.; Grier, Tyson L.; Canham-Chervak, Michelle ...
The American journal of sports medicine,
02/2016, Volume:
44, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Background:
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a series of 7 tests used to assess the injury risk in active populations.
Purpose:
To determine the association of the FMS with the injury risk, ...assess predictive values, and identify optimal cut points using 3 injury types.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
Physically active male soldiers aged 18 to 57 years (N = 2476) completed the FMS. Demographic and fitness data were collected by survey. Medical record data for overuse injuries, traumatic injuries, and any injury 6 months after the FMS assessment were obtained. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated along with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to determine the area under the curve (AUC) and identify optimal cut points for the risk assessment. Risks, risk ratios (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% CIs were calculated to assess injury risks.
Results:
Soldiers who scored ≤14 were at a greater risk for injuries compared with those who scored >14 using the composite score for overuse injuries (RR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.63-2.09), traumatic injuries (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.54), and any injury (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.45-1.77). When controlling for other known injury risk factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified poor FMS performance (OR score ≤14/19-21, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.42-2.81) as an independent risk factor for injuries. A cut point of ≤14 registered low measures of predictive value for all 3 injury types (sensitivity, 28%-37%; PPV, 19%-52%; AUC, 54%-61%). Shifting the injury risk cut point of ≤14 to the optimal cut points indicated by the ROC did not appreciably improve sensitivity or the PPV.
Conclusion:
Although poor FMS performance was associated with a higher risk of injuries, it displayed low sensitivity, PPV, and AUC. On the basis of these findings, the use of the FMS to screen for the injury risk is not recommended in this population because of the low predictive value and misclassification of the injury risk.
In recent years, the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) has been used for the prevention of disability. Some studies have reported that corrective exercise to improve FMS score is an effective method ...of preventing injuries (Bodden et al., 2015; Justin et al., 2017). However, measurement instrument to assess FMS™ are not available in high school's. The purpose of this research is to clarify the effectiveness of corrective exercises without specific FMS measurement instruments on FMS score, physical function, and throwing performance in high school baseball players.
High school baseball players were randomly assigned to two groups; 37 in the training group and 34 in the control group. All subjects were evaluated for FMS score, eyes closed single leg stance time, subjective fatigue, as well as pitching ball speed and control at the beginning of the intervention and at 2-months follow-up. Baseball players in training group conducted the corrective exercises 4 times per week for 2 months.
When comparing the 2 groups group, pitching ball control significantly decreased in the training group compared to prior to the intervention. After 2 months, deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability pushup, rotary stability, total score of FMS, and pitching ball control showed significant better results in the training group compared to the control group.
Results of this study showed that corrective exercises improved asymmetries, trunk stability, movement pattern, proprioception, total FMS score, and pitching ball control without using special instruments following a 2-months training period. Corrective exercises to improve FMS are effective even in high school baseball players without using special measurement instruments.
The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was updated by adding the ankle clearing test and modifying the rotary stability movement pattern and scoring criteria. This updated FMS™ may be used to support ...clinical decisions for the well-being of athletes and active adults.
The purpose of this study was to determine if the updated FMS™ has acceptable interrater reliability, so that various practitioners can utilize it with their patients.
Observational Laboratory Study.
Two licensed Physical Therapists (PTs) conducted the testing for the study. No warmup was allowed for the participants. Each participant underwent one FMS™ session while being recorded on video lasting approximately 15 minutes. Participants were allowed three attempts to complete each movement pattern with the best score recorded. The participants, 45 healthy active PT students, were taken through the FMS™ by a licensed PT and videotaped. The raters were four second-year PT students that observed and scored the FMS independently after videotaping was completed. SPSS was used for the interrater reliability analysis. ICC was calculated using a 2-way mixed model looking for absolute agreement.
The interrater reliability was highest for the rotary stability test (ICC 0.96) while the deep squat was the least reliable (ICC 0.78). The total scores showed excellent reliability among the four student raters with an ICC of 0.95. The updated FMS™ produced good to excellent interrater reliability.
The updated FMS™ has acceptable interrater reliability between minimally, but adequately trained individuals. The updated FMS™ may be reliably used to assess risk for future injury.
3.
Although there are reports in the recent literature demonstrating the epidemiology of injuries in the wrestler population, no study could be found which has investigated the effect of posture on the ...functional movement patterns in wrestlers. This study was planned to investigate the effect of posture on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores in wrestlers.
The study included 68 male (30 greco-roman and 38 freestyle) wrestlers. Spine posture and flexibility were measured via Spinal Mouse (SM). The New York Posture Rating (NYPR) and FMS Test Kits were used to evaluate overall body posture and functional movement patterns, respectively.
Significant weak correlations were found between the FMS sub-parameters, SM sub-parameters and NYPR total score (ρ=−0.265–0.297; P<0.05). There was a significant weak to moderate relationship between FMS and SM spine-check sub-parameters (ρ=−0.262–0.372; P<0.05). A significant weak to moderate correlation was found between NYPR sub-parameters for abdominal, chest, foot, shoulder and head postures and all FMS sub-parameters excluding rotation stability (ρ=0.329–0.504; P<0.05). There was no relationship between FMS, SM and NYPR total scores.
Postural deviations in wrestlers especially in the columna vertebralis may disrupt the biomechanical alignment of the upper and lower extremities, causing the joints to fail to perform arthrokinematic and osteokinematic movements at the appropriate angles, increasing the risk of injury to the wrestlers. The results of this study, in which the general body postures of wrestlers were evaluated and monitored, showed that the effects of posture on functional movements patterns help to predict the risk of injury and can play a protective role in wrestlers.
Bien que certains travaux récents démontrent l’épidémiologie des blessures au sein des lutteurs, aucune étude ne s’est penchée sur l’effet de la posture sur les mouvements fonctionnels de ces derniers. Cette étude vise à étudier l’effet de la posture sur les résultats du Test des mouvements fonctionnels (FMS) chez les lutteurs.
Soixante-huit lutteurs masculins (30 gréco-romains et 38 freestyle) ont été retenus. La posture et la flexibilité de la colonne vertébrale ont été mesurées via Spinal Mouse (SM). L’évaluation globale de la posture du corps et des mouvements fonctionnels a été réalisée à l’aide de la New York Posture Rating (NYPR) et des kits de test FMS, respectivement.
De faibles corrélations significatives ont été trouvées entre les sous-paramètres FMS, les sous-paramètres SM et le score total NYPR (ρ=−0,265–0,297 ; p<0,05). Une corrélation significative faible à modérée a été trouvée entre les sous-paramètres FMS et SM spine-check (ρ=−0,262–0,372 ; p<0,05). Une corrélation significative faible à modérée a été trouvée entre les sous-paramètres NYPR qui sont les postures de l’abdomen, de la poitrine, des pieds, des épaules et de la tête et tous les sous-paramètres FMS exclus dans la stabilité de la rotation (ρ=0,329–0,504 ; p<0,05). Aucun rapport n’a été établi entre les scores totaux du FMS, du SM et du NYPR.
Les déviations posturales chez les lutteurs, en particulier dans la colonne vertébrale, peuvent perturber l’alignement biomécanique des membres supérieurs et inférieurs, empêchant les articulations d’effectuer des mouvements arthrocinématiques et ostéocinématiques aux angles appropriés, augmentant le risque de blessure pour les lutteurs. Les résultats de cette étude, dans laquelle les postures corporelles générales des lutteurs ont été évaluées et surveillées, ont montré que les effets de la posture sur les schémas de mouvements fonctionnels aident à prédire le risque de blessure et peuvent jouer un rôle protecteur chez les lutteurs.
Background:
No standardized return-to-activity or sport guidelines currently exist after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Isokinetic testing and unilateral hop testing, which have ...construct validity, are often used to make the determination of when a patient is ready to return to sport. Neither of these measures has been reported to be predictive of subsequent injuries.
Purpose:
To compare the performance on 2 functional tests of ACL reconstruction patients released to return to activity versus those who have not been released based on clinical impairment measures.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods:
A total of 98 patients were examined by the treating orthopaedic surgeon 6 months after ACL reconstruction for traditional impairment measures, including swelling, range of motion, strength, and graft stability. After this examination, all subjects completed the functional testing, consisting of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ), by an experienced tester who was blinded to the results of the clinical examination. On the basis of the clinical examination, all patients were grouped as being ready to return to sport or not being ready. Performance on the functional tests, as measured by overall performance and side-to-side asymmetry, was compared between the 2 groups using independent-samples t tests (P < .05).
Results:
No difference existed between the groups with regard to the descriptive characteristics, with the exception that the group not cleared was younger (21.0 ± 7.4 years) than the group that was cleared (25.6 ± 13.2 years). Performance on the YBT-LQ revealed that no differences existed between groups when examining reach symmetry for any of the reach directions. In addition, no differences were found between groups when looking at the average reach score normalized to limb length for either the surgical or nonsurgical leg. Patients in the cleared group exhibited a similar score on the FMS (12.7 ± 2.9) compared with the noncleared group (12.8 ± 2.7). Similarly, no differences were observed for the number of asymmetries; however, both groups averaged 1 asymmetry during the testing.
Conclusion:
Clinical impairment measures do not appear to be related to measured functional ability. Performance on both functional tests, the FMS and YBT-LQ, at 6 months would suggest that the typical patient in both groups would be at a greater risk of lower extremity injury, based on currently published research.
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