This lively book focuses on how different Jewish, Muslim, and Christian communities engage with new media. Rather than simply reject or accept new media, religious communities negotiate complex ...relationships with these technologies in light of their history and beliefs. Heidi Campbell suggests a method for studying these processes she calls the "religious-social shaping of technology" and students are asked to consider four key areas: religious tradition and history; contemporary community values and priorities; negotiation and innovating technology in light of the community; communal discourses applied to justify use.
A wealth of examples such as the Christian e-vangelism movement, Modern Islamic discourses about computers and the rise of the Jewish kosher cell phone, demonstrate the dominant strategies which emerge for religious media users, as well as the unique motivations that guide specific groups.
Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Understanding Religious Communities Responses to Media 2. Religious Communities and the Internet 3. Considering How Religious Communities Construct Technology 4. History & Tradition: How History and Tradition Shape Religious Communities Approach to New Media 5. Core Values: How Community Values Construct a Basis for Responding to Technology 6. Negotiating with New Media: To Accept, Reject or Reconfigure? 7. Communal Discourse: How Religious Communities Talk about new Media 8. Studying the Religious Culturing of New Media: The Case of the Kosher Cell Phone 9. Conclusion
' When Religion Meets New Media offers a most valuable contribution to the development of theoretical approaches in the study of religion and media, and will be a key text for future scholarship in the field. This text is strongly recommended for undergraduate, postgraduate and professional researchers interested in the changing forms of religion in contemporary society.' - Tim Hutchings, Umeå University, Sweden
' When Religion Meets New Media provides valuable new insights into thinking about the relationships between religion and new media technologies. Using informative case material, Heidi Campbell demonstrates the complex processes through which religious communities engage with, and justify their use of, new media. The book provides a useful framework for thinking about religious uses of media technologies that can be taken up across a wide range of contexts. Clearly-written, it will be of great value both to students and researchers in media studies and the study of religion.' – Gordon Lynch, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
'This is an outstanding, highly readable book, a contribution as well as a challenge to the field of media, religion, and cultural studies and how the idea of belief--popular, particular, political--is changed by new media technology.' - Claire Badaracco, Communication Research Trends
Heidi Campbell is Assistant Professor of Communication at Texas A&M University where she teaches and researches New Media, Popular Culture and Religion. Her work has appeared in New Media and Society, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Journal of Contemporary Religion and she is the author of Exploring Religious Community Online (Peter Lang, 2005).
Sharing is a phenomenon as old as humankind, while collaborative consumption and the “sharing economy” are phenomena born of the Internet age. This paper compares sharing and collaborative ...consumption and finds that both are growing in popularity today. Examples are given and an assessment is made of the reasons for the current growth in these practices and their implications for businesses still using traditional models of sales and ownership. The old wisdom that we are what we own, may need modifying to consider forms of possession and uses that do not involve ownership.
Jenseits von Identität Schumann, Frank
Sozialer Sinn,
01/2021, Volume:
22, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Das Aufkommen des Rechtspopulismus führte in den letzten Jahren zu einer (Wieder-)Beschäftigung mit dem Konzept der Gemeinschaft. Diese zeichnet sich jedoch dadurch aus, dass sie Gemeinschaft ...individualisierend als eine Orientierung am Lokalen oder an kollektiven Identitäten fasst. Da die rechtspopulistischen Gemeinschaftsbezüge aber in einem politischen Kontext getätigt werden, umfassen sie nicht nur individuelle Zugehörigkeit oder Orientierungen, sondern eine Vorstellung des sozialen Gemeinwesens. Der Beitrag schlägt ausgehend von Ferdinand Tönnies und Max Weber einen Gemeinschaftsbegriff vor, der diese Facette systematisch berücksichtigt und Gemeinschaft als eine affektiv aufgeladene Deutung von sozialer Ordnung versteht. Welche Perspektiven der Forschung sich aus diesem Begriff ergeben, wird abschließend am Beispiel der geschichtswissenschaftlichen Debatte um Volksgemeinschaft rekonstruiert.
•Anaerobic digestion characteristics of lignocellulosic components are described.•Hemicellulose was hydrolysed and acidified more quickly than cellulose.•The biomethane potential of cellulose was ...higher than that of hemicellulose.•Co-digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose had a synergistic effect on methane yield.•Lignin caused more severe inhibition on methane yield of cellulose than hemicellulose.
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant natural resource with high biomethane potential. However, complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass has hampered the efficient utilization of this bioresource. Previous studies have investigated the overall anaerobic digestion performance of lignocellulosic biomass, but the individual participation of each lignocellulosic component during anaerobic digestion remained unclear. Thus, this study investigated the methane production characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and their mixtures along with the microbial communities involved in anaerobic digestion. The results showed that the biomethane potential of cellulose was higher than that of hemicellulose; however, hemicellulose was hydrolysed more quickly than cellulose, while lignin was very difficult to be digested. The higher concentrations of acetic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids hydrolysed from the hemicellulose resulted in a lower pH and more severe inhibition on methane production than that of cellulose, and the methanogenesis gradually recovered after pH adjustment. The co-digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose increased the methane yield and biodegradability compared to mono-digestions. The addition of lignin to cellulose brought more significant decrease in the methane yield of cellulose than that of hemicellulose. Substrate-related bacteria such as Clostridium sensu stricto, Lutaonella, Cloacibacillus and Christensenella showed higher relative abundance in cellulose digestate, and sugar-fermenting bacteria such as Saccharofermentans, Petrimonas and Levilinea were more rich in the digestate of hemicellulose. Moreover, methanogenic Methanospirillum and Methanothrix likely contributed to the methane production of cellulose, while aciduric methanogens from Methanobrevibacter, Methanomassiliicoccus, Methanobacterium and Methanoculleus contributed to that of hemicellulose. This study provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass during anaerobic digestion.
•γ-Ray irradiation was used to exclude the effect of epiphytic microorganisms.•Pediococcus was the dominant microorganism in alfalfa silage.•Inoculation of L. plantarum increased the relative ...abundance of Lactobacillus.•Irradiated alfalfa with L. plantarum showed best fermentation quality.
To reveal the mechanism of the survival and adaption of inoculated Lactobacillus plantarum during ensiling. Alfalfa was ensiled directly (A1), after γ-ray irradiation (A0), and after inoculation of the sterile (A0L) or fresh alfalfa (A1L) with Lactobacillus plantarum. The A0L had the higher lactic acid content and lower pH than that in A1L from 3 days of ensiling. Pediococcus was the dominant microbes in A1 silage, followed by Enterococcus and Lactobacillus, while Lactobacillus in A1L outnumbered all other genera at 3 d. In A0L silage, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased to 99.13% at day 3. It indicated that Lactobacillus could dominated the fermentation of inoculated silages regardless of the γ-ray irradiation, although there was a short lag period for irradiated alfalfa.
A major unresolved question in microbiome research is whether the complex taxonomic architectures observed in surveys of natural communities can be explained and predicted by fundamental, ...quantitative principles. Bridging theory and experiment is hampered by the multiplicity of ecological processes that simultaneously affect community assembly in natural ecosystems. We addressed this challenge by monitoring the assembly of hundreds of soil- and plant-derived microbiomes in well-controlled minimal synthetic media. Both the community-level function and the coarse-grained taxonomy of the resulting communities are highly predictable and governed by nutrient availability, despite substantial species variability. By generalizing classical ecological models to include widespread nonspecific cross-feeding, we show that these features are all emergent properties of the assembly of large microbial communities, explaining their ubiquity in natural microbiomes.
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•CW-MFC could generate electricity combined with purification of wastewater.•TN removal rate in CW-MFC was highly significant (p < 0.01) higher than that in CW.•Voltage was ...265.77 ± 12.66 mV and power density was 3714.08 mW·m−2 in CW-MFC.•The diversity and richness of the CW-MFC were higher than those of the CW.
Constructed wetlands combined with microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) could purify the wastewater while using microorganisms to generate electricity. Our study investigated pollutant removal and microorganism evolution in CW and CW-MFC. The average removal rate of total nitrogen (82.46 ± 4.74%) in the CW-MFC was highly significant (p < 0.01) higher than that in the CW. The average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (82.32 ± 12.85%) and total phosphorus (95.06 ± 5.45%) in the CW-MFC were higher than those in the CW. In the CW-MFC, the average voltage was 265.77 ± 12.66 mV and the highest power density was 3714.08 mW·m−2. The microbial community diversity and richness of the CW-MFC system were higher than those of the CW system. The read number of ammonia oxidizing (149 ± 7), nitrite-oxidizing (144 ± 8, 132 ± 18) and anammox bacteria (281 ± 8) were the highest in the CW-MFC (Anode). The contents of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and electrochemically active bacteria in the CW-MFC (Cathode) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than others.
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