The article discusses the narrative turn as a key for the analysis of sociological/social theories. To that end, we present (as a sort of "case study") some preliminary results of an inquiry around ...the theories of modernization put forward by the Italian-Argentine sociologist Gino Germani. We look into the narrative of transition, its paradoxes and a counter narrative found in some of his works. From this point we draw some conclusions about the limits of the "narrative turn" as a perspective for social theory analysis and display, as an alternative, Foucault's perspective of re-problematization. We primarily look into the danger of homogenization that the "narrative turn" entails, in spite of the heterogeneity of elements which, as we shall argue, form the modernization theory found in Germani. In this sense, towards the end, the article seeks to contribute to a reflection on the work with theoretical texts and proposes an approach able to observe the historical and material singularities involved in his production.
El artículo pone el foco en el debate teóricoepistemológico suscitado durante la década de 1960 en la sociología latinoamericana, en torno a la concepción y función social de la sociología como ...ciencia. Para ello, analiza en clave comparativa una serie de documentos producidos por los sociólogos Gino Germani y Pablo González Casanova en torno a dos importantes congresos: el VI ISA World Congress of Sociology (Evian, 1966) y el IX Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Sociología (México, 1969). El objetivo del artículo es echar luz sobre las tensiones y desplazamientos que atravesaban por aquel entonces buena parte de la sociología latinoamericana en el marco más general de la “crisis de la sociología”, y que desembocaron en una reorientación teórico-epistemológica de sus principales líneas. Se sostiene que la concepción de la disciplina como una “ciencia para la intervención social” (o “sociología científica”) fue perdiendo terreno frente a una perspectiva orientada hacia la “transformación social” (o una “sociología en y de la crisis latinoamericana”), lo que no supuso una completa negación de la primera, sino una forma de superación crítica.
Abstract
The beginnings of sociology in Italy correspond more or less to those of the birth of sociology as an autonomous science in France by Durkheim (considered the founding father of the ...discipline except for the term that, as is well known, was coined by Comte). Its origins, therefore, can be traced back to the second half of the 19th century and its development substantially follows the socio-political development of Italy, which can be substantially divided into three historical phases (the Savoy monarchy between 1861 and 1922; the authoritarian fascist regime with totalitarian characteristics between 1922 and 1943, and the period of the democratic republic from 1946 onwards can be considered as the “rebirth” not only of Italy but also of sociology). This article aims to outline these phases through an in-depth examination of some of the Italian sociologists who, in the different phases (up to our contemporary times), have had greater relevance and influence, even outside the Italian context.
Este artículo explora en los modos en que el grupo antifascista italiano Giustizia e Libertà respondió a las campañas racistas/racialistas del régimen fascista entre 1935 y 1940. Para ello, trabaja ...sobre una publicación semanal editada por la agrupación. El interés en este grupo se inscribe en una investigación más amplia sobre las formas en que Gino Germani tematizó esta cuestión, bajo la hipótesis de que ella encontraba resonancias en distintos dominios interdiscursivos;, entre ellos, las discusiones en el seno de la citada agrupación, con la que el sociólogo mostró abiertas afinidades. El texto está estructurado en tres apartados. Luego de una breve introducción, presentamos algunos rasgos salientes de la agrupación GeL. A continuación, exponemos los principales hitos de las sucesivas campañas racistas del régimen fascista, en dos apartados sucesivos. En ellos, luego de presentar las coyunturas y rasgos salientes tanto de las políticas coloniales (1935-1937) como de las leyes raciales (1938-1940), pasamos a la descripción de los posicionamientos en el seno de GeL. Finalmente, hacemos un balance del recorrido y sugerimos algunas claves que permiten que el presente análisis ilumine nuevos aspectos para analizar la tematización germaniana sobre la cuestión racial y, más en general, algunos rasgos del modo en que esta problemática tensó al antifascismo argentino.
Z arheološko interpretacijo lidarskih podatkov in terenskim delom smo raziskovali obseg in tloris poznoantične naselbine. Določili smo potek obodnega zidu ter število in obliko stavb, prepoznali ...cisterno in cerkev. S sondiranjem smo ugotovili posamezne konstrukcijske detajle in na tlaku ene izmed stavb odkrili zoglenele ostanke kulturnih rastlin. Kronologija poselitve se opira na tipokronološko analizo predmetov; prvo zanesljivo poselitev nakazujejo predmeti iz 4. st. in z začetka 5. st., povezujemo jih z opremo vojakov in uradnikov. Največjo poselitev nakazuje veliko število arheoloških predmetov s konca 5. st. in začetka 6. st. Glede na način gradnje stavb v strnjenih nizih in omejen prostor domnevamo, da so večino prepoznanih objektov zgradili v tem obdobju. Posamezne drobne najdbe povezujemo z Germani, dele vojaške opreme oficirjev in poveljnikov ter pečat s portretom Justinijana I. pa z bizantinsko vojsko in upravo.
The archaeological investigations conducted between 2009 and 2013 at Japnišče, a site in Miren, unearthed part of a cemetery from the late 5th and early 6th century. It is a small cemetery located ...at a formerly major road that connected Aquileia and Emona. Nine burials have thus far been investigated, though the scattered finds of human bones in the mixed layers and fills of pits suggest the burial ground was originally larger. A particular feature of the cemetery is the East Germanic elements visible in the costume and the artificially deformed skulls. We argue that these elements indicate the presence of a Germanic population, with historical sources pointing to the Ostrogoths as the most likely people. The interpretation of the Miren cemetery relies on a meticulous typo-chronological analysis of the recovered grave goods, as well as a study of objects from the late 4th and early 5th centuries that originated from the Lower Danube Basin, and the study of East Germanic elements from the late 5th and the initial decades of the 6th century unearthed at sites in Slovenia. Finally, the site is compared with similar cemeteries in Italy and Austria.
The solvent extraction of germanium and some heavy metals by commercial tri-octyl/decyl amine (Alamine 336), N-methyl-N, N-dioctyl chloride (Aliquat 336) and phosphine oxide (Cyanex 923) has been ...studied. In each extraction system, germanium was only extracted from a solution containing nickel, cadmium, cobalt, and zinc, which had a composition similar to gasification coal fly ash aqueous leach solutions. Under a comparable condition, the germanium extraction efficiency by the aforementioned extractants was in the order Aliquat 336>Alamine 336>Cyanex 923. The slope analysis method showed that 2 moles of Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336, as well as 4 moles of Cyanex 923, participated in the extraction of germanium. In amine extraction systems, tartaric acid was required as a complexant used to convert germanium to anionic species. As a result, the ratio of 2 (mole ration of tartaric acid to Ge) was required to complete anionic complexation. On the other hand, oxalic acid with a concentration of 0.1M was chosen as a proper solvated complexant in the Cyanex 923 system. HCl solutions with concentrations of 1 and 2M can properly strip germanium from the loaded Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336, respectively. In addition, 0.1M NaOH was sufficient for germanium stripping from Cyanex 923. Consequently, it can be concluded that Aliquat 336 can be an economical and industry-friendly extractant for germanium solvent extraction from a mixed solution.
•Ge(IV) was selectively separated from impurities by solvent extraction.•Germanium extraction by Alamine 336, Aliquat 336, and Cyanex 923 was compared.•Composition of treated solution was similar to fly ash leachate.•The best extractant was Aliquat 336.
Cu2ZnSn1-xGexS4 (CZTGS) thin films prepared by flash evaporation of a Zn-rich Cu2ZnSn0.5Ge0.5S4 bulk compound in powder form, and a subsequent thermal annealing in S containing Ar atmosphere are ...studied. The effect of the substrate temperature during evaporation and the initial composition of the precursor powder on the growth mechanism and properties of the final CZTGS thin film are investigated. The microstructure of the films and elemental depth profiles depend strongly on the growth conditions used. Incorporation of Ge into the Cu2ZnSnS4 lattice is demonstrated by the shift of the relevant X-ray diffraction peaks and Raman vibrational modes towards higher diffraction angles and frequencies respectively. A Raman mode at around 348-351 cm-1 is identified as characteristic of CZTGS alloys for x = Ge/(Sn+Ge) = 0.14-0.30. The supply of Ge enables the reduction of the Sn loss via a saccrifical Ge loss. This fact allows increasing the substrate temperature up to 350º C during the evaporation, forming a high quality kesterite material and therefore, reducing the deposition process to one single stage
El desarrollo de la sociología en Argentina a mediados del siglo XX supuso la interacción de actores locales e internacionales. Mientras la primera carrera era creada en la Universidad de Buenos ...Aires, el despliegue de una ambiciosa agenda de investigaciones, tanto como la llegada de profesores visitantes desde el extranjero, fueron inseparables del financiamiento ofrecido por las fundaciones Rockefeller y Ford. Sin embargo, el ascendiente estadounidense no demoró en ser cuestionado. A medida que el número de estudiantes aumentaba, la búsqueda de una “sociología nacional” ganó popularidad. Basado en un amplio corpus empírico, el artículo hace foco en las tensiones que plantearon las orientaciones favorecidas por las fundaciones filantrópicas y aquellas premiadas por una institución universitaria en proceso de masificación.
The development of sociology in Argentina in mid-20th century was the product of the interaction between local and international actors. While the first undergraduate program was created at the University of Buenos Aires, the deployment of an ambitious research agenda, as well as the arrival of foreign visiting professors, were inseparable from the funding which was offered by the Rockefeller and Ford foundations. However, it did not take long for the American influence to come under severe scrutiny. As the number of enrolments increased, the quest for a “national sociology” gained popularity. Based on a wide empirical corpus, the article examines the tensions between the orientations awarded by philanthropic foundations and those encouraged by a massifying university.
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