Willow from Goats Haj-Zaroubi, Manal; Mattar, Nariman; Awabdeh, Sami ...
Agriculture (Basel),
05/2024, Volume:
14, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Willow (Salix spp.) trees, found worldwide, contain secondary metabolites that are valuable as dietary supplements for animal feed and as antiparasitic compounds. We quantified secondary metabolites ...(phenolics, flavonoids, and salicylic acid) in ethanolic extracts from leaves and branches of three Salix acmophylla Boiss. genotypes and investigated their potential to inhibit Eimeria sp. sporulation, a major concern in ruminants. The total phenolic content of willow leaves and branches was similar in two of three different genotypes. The total flavonoid content of the branches was significantly higher than that of leaves of the same genotype; however, the salicylic acid content was significantly higher in leaves than in branches. Importantly, all extracts exhibited significant inhibition of Eimeria sporulation, where over 70% inhibition was obtained at concentrations as low as 750 mgLsup.−1. The sporulation inhibition by branch or leaf extracts exceeded 80% for leaves and 90% for branches at concentrations above 1250 mgLsup.−1. The study highlights the potential of using Salix extracts as bioactive compounds for biological control of coccidiosis in ruminants. We conclude that all parts and all investigated genotypes of S. acmophylla can provide secondary metabolites that act as a coccidiostat to treat Eimeria in goats.
Believers in psi (sheep) will use psi to hit a target, but as far as non-believers (goats) are concerned, the conventional understanding is that they will inadvertently use psi to avoid the target. ...In other words, goats do not tend to psi hit; they tend only to score at chance or occasionally psi miss, and since the sheep-goat effect is sufficiently demonstrated when sheep score significantly higher than goats, little thought is given to the fact that goats are never specifically asked to psi miss. The present study looks at the sheep-goat effect in the context of compliance (from sheep) and noncompliance (from goats). The psi task is five trials at guessing the Ace of Spades playing card while avoiding Ace of Clubs. We administered tests of paranormal belief, belief in luck, and attitudes towards gambling to determine correlates of psi performance. All the gambling attitude scales inter-correlated significantly as did most luck scales. For the whole sample (N = 120), effect sizes were at chance for spade-hitting and club-hitting as was the case for sheep and goats. Sheep and goats did not score differently from each other on either psi measure, and none of the scales correlated significantly with the two psi measures. The spade-hitting/ club-hitting correlation was negative and significant thus replicating the effect reported by Storm and Thalbourne (2005b). This correlation suggests that if participants successfully targeted Ace of Spades they tended to avoid Ace of Clubs (and vice versa), but more is implied--participants could still avoid noncompliance (if they were sheep) or compliance (if they were goats) by displacing to King cards. Also, belief in psi and luck, and attitudes toward gambling (whether positive or negative) do not appear to influence gambling success.
Cachaça is a traditional Brazilian drink that has the potential to offer a new sensory and technological strategy for artisanal cheesemaking, particularly for small-scale producers and family ...farming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cachaça immersion on the physicochemical, microbiological, color, texture, and sensory parameters of artisanal goat coalho cheeses using three different varieties of cachaça immersion. The results showed that cachaça immersion did not affect the cheese's proximate composition or starter culture viability, indicating its suitability as a new method for artisanal cheese production. Additionally, gold cachaça aged in oak casks was the most effective variety for sensory acceptance and purchase intention, suggesting that it may be a valuable strategy for small-scale producers to add value and encourage the consumption of artisanal goat coalho cheeses without compromising their quality. Thus, this study provides important insights for small-scale producers and family farming to enhance their product offerings and increase their competitiveness in the market.
MOUNTAIN GOAT , WASHINGTON Reynolds, Nathaniel D; Holman, Eric W; Bergh, Stefanie M ...
Northwestern naturalist (Olympia, Wash.),
03/2022, Volume:
103, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The powerful volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 is commonly reported to have killed large numbers of wildlife species, including near-extirpation of the local Mountain Goat (Oreamnos ...americanus) population. In the decade after 2000 we increasingly received reports of goat sightings around Mount St. Helens, including nannies with kids in 2007. By 2011, we estimated 15 to 25 goats were present on the landscape. In 2014, we initiated 2 lines of research. The first was a review of historic records to document pre-eruption goat populations. The second was the establishment of an annual minimum population-size survey using simple ground-count methods. In 2015, we revised our methods, and our results between 2015 and 2020 show a general growth trend of minimum population size from 152 goats in 2015 to 200 in 2020, with a peak of 240 goats observed in 2019. In 2017 and 2020, we paired ground counts with aerial surveys (with sighting correction) to better estimate population size, and observed 246 goats (245.9, 90'/r CI = 232.3-260.4) in 2017 and 252 (251.7, 90% CI = 233.2-270.1) in 2020. Our 2020 aerial estimate of ~252 goats is a population 5 times (and possibly 10 times) the size of the 20-50 Mountain Goats we speculate were present in the same landscape prior to the 1980 eruption landscape, and reveals a substantial local recovery of the species.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate phenotypic characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency. The material was 122 doe Senduro goat which consist of 8-12 months, ...> 12 - 18 months, > 18 - 24 months, and > 24 months. The method used in this research was a survey which consisting of observation and direct measurement in the field for Length of Body (LB), Height at Withers (HW), Chest Girth (CG) and Length of Ear (LE). Doe Senduro goat has white colour in the whole body, long ears and convex face profile. LB of doe Senduro goat base on the age 8-12 months, > 12 - 18 months, > 18 - 24 months, and > 24 months were 68.0±3.8 cm, 76.0±6.2 cm, 80.0±2.2 cm, 82.5±5.3 cm respectively. While, HW was 74.4±4.5 cm, 76±7.2 cm, 77±5.4 cm, 78±4.0cm respectively. CG was 79.2±2.2 cm, 79.4±5.4 cm, 84.2±7.2 cm, 87.2±4.2 cm and for LE was 31.4±1.2 cm, 32.1±3.2 cm, 34.2±2 cm, 35.2±3.0 cm respectively.
Summary
Long‐term selection of goats for a certain production system and/or different environmental conditions will be reflected in the body morphology of the animals under selection. To investigate ...the variation contributing to different morphological traits and to identify genomic regions that are associated with body morphological traits in Sudanese goats, we genotyped 96 females belonging to four Sudanese goat breeds with the SNP52 BeadChip. After quality control of the data, the genome‐wide association study was performed using 95 goats and 24 027 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Bicoastal diameter was significantly associated (LOD = 6.32) with snp10185‐scaffold1365‐620922 on chromosome 2. The minor allele has an additive effect, increasing the bicoastal diameter by 2.6 cm. A second significant association was found between body length and snp56482‐scaffold89‐467312 on chromosome 3 (LOD = 5.65). The minor allele is associated with increased body length. Additionally, five regions were suggestive for cannon bone, head width, rump length and withers height (LOD > 5). Only one gene (CNTNAP5) is located within the 1‐Mb region surrounding the significant SNP for bicoastal diameter on chromosome 2. The body length QTL on chromosome 3 harbors 49 genes. Further research is required to validate the observed associations and to prioritize candidate genes.
To investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on high-concentrate diet-induced local inflammation of the rumen epithelium, 18 midlactating dairy goats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a ...low-concentrate diet group as the control (concentrate:forage = 4:6), a high-concentrate (HC) diet group (concentrate:forage = 6:4), and a sodium butyrate (SB) group (concentrate:forage = 6:4, with 1% SB by weight). The results showed that, with the addition of sodium butyrate, the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rumen fluid (2.62 × 104 ± 2.90 × 103 EU/mL) was significantly lower than that in the HC group (4.03 × 104 ± 2.77 × 103 EU/mL). The protein abundance of pp65, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2,9 in the rumen epithelium were significantly down-regulated by SB compared with those in the HC group. With sodium butyrate administration, the concentration of NH3-N (19.2 ± 0.890 mM) in the rumen fluid was significantly higher than that for the HC group (12.7 ± 1.38 mM). Severe disruption of the rumen epithelium induced by HC was also ameliorated by dietary SB. Therefore, local inflammation and disruption of the rumen epithelium induced by HC were alleviated with SB administration.
Q fever is an almost ubiquitous zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, which is able to infect several animal species, as well as humans. Cattle, sheep and goats are the primary animal reservoirs. In ...small ruminants, infections are mostly without clinical symptoms, however, abortions and stillbirths can occur, mainly during late pregnancy. Shedding of C. burnetii occurs in feces, milk and, mostly, in placental membranes and birth fluids. During parturition of infected small ruminants, bacteria from birth products become aerosolized. Transmission to humans mainly happens through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In the last decade, there have been several, sometimes large, human Q fever outbreaks related to sheep and goats. In this review, we describe C. burnetii infections in sheep and goats, including both advantages and disadvantages of available laboratory techniques, as pathology, different serological tests, PCR and culture to detect C. burnetii. Moreover, worldwide prevalences of C. burnetii in small ruminants are described, as well as possibilities for treatment and prevention. Prevention of shedding and subsequent environmental contamination by vaccination of sheep and goats with a phase I vaccine are possible. In addition, compulsory surveillance of C. burnetii in small ruminant farms raises awareness and hygiene measures in farms help to decrease exposure of people to the organism. Finally, this review challenges how to contain an infection of C. burnetii in small ruminants, bearing in mind possible consequences for the human population and probable interference of veterinary strategies, human risk perception and political considerations.
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