COVID-19 is a challenge faced by individuals (personal vulnerability and behavior), requiring coordinated policy from national government. However, another critical layer—intergroup relations—frames ...many decisions about how resources and support should be allocated. Based on theories of self and social identity uncertainty, subjective group dynamics, leadership, and social cohesion, we argue that this intergroup layer has important implications for people’s perceptions of their own and others’ situation, political management of the pandemic, how people are influenced, and how they resolve identity uncertainty. In the face of the pandemic, initial national or global unity is prone to intergroup fractures and competition through which leaders can exploit uncertainties to gain short-term credibility, power, or influence for their own groups, feeding polarization and extremism. Thus, the social and psychological challenge is how to sustain the superordinate objective of surviving and recovering from the pandemic through mutual cross-group effort.
IntroductionSubjective hyperosmia, as a manifestation of belief of exposure to Bluetooth transmission, with testing demonstrating the absence of true hyperosmia, has not heretofore been ...described.ObjectivesCorrelation of Bluetooth transmission with subjective hyperosmia.MethodsThis 53-year-old right-handed single woman presented with a 10-year history of increase in sensitivity to aroma and enhanced perception of smells upon exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation. She noted an intensity-duration effect: with higher intensity and duration of Wi-Fi exposure, her sense of smell would escalate and persist: after a few hours of exposure, her smell would jump to a 190% of normal and last for two weeks. When she drives toward a metropolitan area, she can feel that the Wi-Fi is more intense and gets an electrical sensation like “I am an antenna”. Because of this, she refuses to use a cell phone or have Wi-Fi in her home.ResultsMental Status Examination: Able to recall 3 out of 4 objects in 3 minutes without reinforcement. Chemosensory Testing: Olfaction: Brief Smell Identification Test: 9 (normosmia). Alcohol Sniff Test: 8 (hyposmia). Gustation: Waterless Emperical Taste Test: brothy: 4/8 (hypogeusia), total: 46 (normogeusia).ConclusionsNidus for such hyperosmic delusions may be a primary olfactory system disorder, with induction of ephaptic transmissions, causing intermittent phantosmia or otherwise misperceived odor, misattributed to the ambient environment. Paradoxically, such perceived hyperosmia may be due to a specific or isolated hyposmia or anosmia, the olfactory equivalent to monochromatic color blindness. The assignment of the source of the hyperosmia to that of Bluetooth is consistent with the zeitgeist of mistrust and paranoia of higher technology. Thus, the subjective hyperosmia would only occur when the patient perceives there was a kippage of radiation/ Bluetooth/ electromagnetic waves present, independent of these actually being present. This may be a form of expectation effect due to visual evidence (high tower wires); suggestion combined with subcultural group dynamics with belief in harm of such electromagnetic/Bluetooth waves, with distorted information recall and misattribution. Such group dynamics and shared misperceptions may act to fuel such a delusion as in the Mandela effect (French, 2018). This may represent the chemosensory equivalent of somatosensory amplification due to external intensification (Brascher, 2017). Perchance, this case represents not delusional hyperosmia, due to a functional psychiatric disorder, but rather has a neuroanatomic basis. Those with subjective hyperosmia and hypersensitivity to aromas have demonstrated hypertrophied gray matter volume in the posterior subregion of the right hippocampus, left precuneus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right hypothalamus (Han, 2020). In those with subjective hyperosmia, neurological investigation is warranted.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
We introduce a theoretically-grounded conceptualization of inclusive leadership and present a framework for understanding factors that contribute to and follow from inclusive leadership within work ...groups. We conceptualize inclusive leadership as a set of positive leader behaviors that facilitate group members perceiving belongingness in the work group while maintaining their uniqueness within the group as they fully contribute to group processes and outcomes. We propose that leader pro-diversity beliefs, humility, and cognitive complexity increase the propensity of inclusive leader behaviors. We identify five categories of inclusive leadership behaviors that facilitate group members' perceptions of inclusion, which in turn lead to member work group identification, psychological empowerment, and behavioral outcomes (creativity, job performance, and reduced turnover) in the pursuit of group goals. This framework provides theoretical grounding for the construct of inclusive leadership while advancing our understanding of how leaders can increase diverse work group effectiveness.
•Pro-diversity beliefs and humility are proposed antecedents of leader inclusion.•Inclusive leadership is posited to involve five categories of behaviors.•Encouraging belonging and valuing for uniqueness are proposed to foster inclusion.•Inclusion perceptions are posited to foster group identification and empowerment.•Creativity is proposed as one outcome resulting from inclusive leadership.
Dishop (see record 2022-78260-001) identifies the consensus emergence model (CEM) as a useful tool for future research on emergence but argues that autoregressive models with positive autoregressive ...effects are an important alternative data-generating mechanism that researchers need to rule out. Here, we acknowledge that alternative data-generating mechanisms are possibility for most, if not all, nonexperimental designs and appreciate Dishop's attempts to identify cases where the CEM could provide misleading results. However, in a series of independent simulations, we were unable to replicate two of three key analyses, and the results for the third analysis did not support the earlier conclusions. The discrepancies appear to originate from Dishop's simulation code and what appear to be inconsistent model specifications that neither simulate the models described in the article nor include notable positive autoregressive effects. We contribute to the wider literature by suggesting four key criteria that researchers can apply to evaluate the possibility of alternative data-generating mechanisms: Theory, parameter recovery, fit to real data, and context. Applied to autoregressive effects and emergence data, these criteria reveal that (a) theory in psychology would generally suggest negative instead of positive autoregressive effects for behavior, (b) it is challenging to recover true autoregressive parameters from simulated data, and (c) that real data sets across a number of different contexts show little to no evidence for autoregressive effects. Instead, our analyses suggest that CEM results are congruent with the temporal changes occurring within groups and that autoregressive effects do not lead to spurious CEM results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Machines increasingly decide over the allocation of resources or tasks among people resulting in what we call Machine Allocation Behavior. People respond strongly to how other people or machines ...allocate resources. However, the implications for human relationships of algorithmic allocations of, for example, tasks among crowd workers, annual bonuses among employees, or a robot’s gaze among members of a group entering a store remains unclear. We leverage a novel research paradigm to study the impact of machine allocation behavior on fairness perceptions, interpersonal perceptions, and individual performance. In a 2 × 3 between-subject design that manipulates how the allocation agent is presented (human vs. artificial intelligent AI system) and the allocation type (receiving less vs. equal vs. more resources), we find that group members who receive more resources perceive their counterpart as less dominant when the allocation originates from an AI as opposed to a human. Our findings have implications on our understanding of the impact of machine allocation behavior on interpersonal dynamics and on the way in which we understand human responses towards this type of machine behavior.
•Receiving more resources from an AI shapes how dominant group members are perceived.•Collaborative Tetris is an effective platform for exploring fairness in groups.•Fairness is better understood as a dynamic phenomenon that develops over time.•A machine’s allocation behavior is crucial to understanding its impact on groups.
Social psychology and research on intergroup relations has long been dominated by an approach that favoured comparisons between one ingroup and one outgroup, ignoring the possible membership of the ...same person in multiple social categories. Research on multiple categorical membership and the intersectionality is so far absent in Čzech and Slovak social psychology. The main objective of tliis review is to present the theories, approaches and models through which international social psychologists have approached the investigation of the aforementioned concepts. The paper discusses their strengths and weaknesses and then formulates recommendations for further research in this area, with particular emphasis on intergroup relations in the Slovak context.
Collective Intelligence and Group Performance Woolley, Anita Williams; Aggarwal, Ishani; Malone, Thomas W.
Current directions in psychological science : a journal of the American Psychological Society,
12/2015, Volume:
24, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We review recent research on collective intelligence, which we define as the ability of a group to perform a wide variety of tasks. We focus on two influences on a group's collective intelligence: ...(a) group composition (e.g., the members' skills, diversity, and intelligence) and (b) group interaction (e.g., structures, processes, and norms). We also call for more research to investigate how social interventions and technological tools can be used to enhance collective intelligence.
Background: Despite the health benefits of regular physical activity, across the globe older adults represent the least active section of society. Purpose: The GrOup-based physical Activity for oLder ...adults (GOAL) trial was a three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) that was designed to test the efficacy of two group-based exercise programs for older adults, informed by self-categorization theory (SCT), in comparison to a standard group-based exercise program. Methods: RCT conducted in Greater Vancouver, Canada, enrolled 627 older adults (Mage = 71.57 years, SD = 5.41; 71.0% female). Participants were randomized to similar age same gender (SASG), similar age mixed gender (SAMG), or 'standard' mixed age mixed gender (MAMG) exercise group conditions. In addition to group composition, the intervention programs operationalized principles from SCT designed to foster a sense of social connectedness among participants. The primary outcome of the trial was exercise adherence behavior over 12 and 24 weeks. Results: Analyses of variance revealed that older adults randomized to the SAMG (12-weeks d = .51, p < .001; 24-weeks d = .47, p < .001) and SASG (12-weeks d = .28, p = .012; 24-weeks d = .29, p = .016) conditions adhered to a greater extent than those in the MAMG comparison condition. There were no significant differences between the SAMG and SASG conditions. Conclusions: The results provide support for the efficacy of group-based physical activity programs informed by SCT. Furthermore, the results suggest that community group-based exercise programs should attempt to engage in age-targeting but not necessarily gender-targeting among older adults.
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10.
What is it Like to be a Group Agent? List, Christian
Noûs (Bloomington, Indiana),
June 2018, 2018-06-00, 20180601, Volume:
52, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The existence of group agents is relatively widely accepted. Examples are corporations, courts, NGOs, and even entire states. But should we also accept that there is such a thing as group ...consciousness? I give an overview of some of the key issues in this debate and sketch a tentative argument for the view that group agents lack phenomenal consciousness (pace Schwitzgebel ). In developing my argument, I draw on integrated information theory, a much‐discussed theory of consciousness. I conclude by pointing out an implication of my argument for the normative status of group agents.
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