İki mediatör, histamin ve bradikinin, anjioödem vakalarının çoğundan sorumludur. Anjioödem ürtikerin bir belirtisi olarak kabarıklıkla beraber olabilir ve bu şekli çoğunlukla histaminerjik (allerjik, ...IgE-aracılı) tiple ilişkilidir. Histaminerjik anjioödem en sık anjioödem nedenidir. Anjioödem, akut (semptomlar 6 haftadan kısa sürerse) veya kronik (semptomlar 6 haftadan uzun sürerse) olarak da ayrılabilir. Anjioödem, ürtikerle (kaşıntılı kabarıklık) beraber olup olmamasına göre de daha ileri sınıflanabilir. Kaşıntılı kabarıkla beraber olan anjioödem, akut ya da kronik, spontan ya da indüklenebilir bir ürtikerin göstergesidir. Doğru teşhis ve uygun tedaviyi seçmek için, klinik tablonun bariz heterojenliğinden dolayı, anjioödem fenotipinin ve semptomların altında yatan medyatörün iyi bilinmesi esastır. Bu derlemede, kabarıkla beraber olan/olmayan histaminerjik anjioödeme özgün epidemiyoloji, patofizyoloji ve klinik spektrum ve ayırıcı tanı detaylı olarak tartışılmaktadır.
PURPOSE OF REVIEWThe present review will give an update of recently published clinical studies on novel systemic treatment approaches in atopic dermatitis.
RECENT FINDINGSUntil 2017 immunosuppressive ...drugs such as cyclosporine had to be used in atopic dermatitis when the disease could not sufficiently be treated with topical drugs. Several new substances specifically targeting inflammation in atopic dermatitis are currently studied. In 2017, dupilumab was approved in the United States and in Europe for first-line biologic treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults. The antibody blocks a subunit of the interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 receptor, thus inhibiting effects of two key cytokines in type 2 polarized inflammation. In addition to the studies on dupilumab recent clinical investigations on the effects on anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab, tralokinumab), anti-IL-31 receptor (nemolizumab), anti-IL-22 (fezakinumab), and on small molecules targeting the histamine-4-receptor (ZPL389) and the Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib have been published as full papers in the last 2 years.
SUMMARYA couple of promising novel therapeutical targets have recently been investigated and published in clinical trials on atopic dermatitis.
Tuna, tongkol, cakalang (TTC) merupakan komoditas perikanan bernilai ekonomis penting yang disukai oleh banyak konsumen di Indonesia. Namun demikian, distribusi, penanganan, dan pengolahan komoditas ...ini masih banyak mengalami kendala, di antaranya kontaminasi bakteri pembentuk histamin (BPH) yang dapat menyebabkan akumulasi histamin dan menimbulkan kerugian kesehatan pada konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi BPH dari komoditas TTC segar yang dijual di pasar domestik, mengevaluasi profilnya, serta mengkarakterisasi kemampuan BPH tersebut dalam menghasilkan histamin. Sebanyak 93 sampel TTC diperoleh dari TPI, pasar tradisional, dan pasar modern di wilayah Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, dan Banten. Dari 318 isolat presumtif BPH yang ditemukan, sebanyak 59 isolat (19%) terkonfirmasi positif gen hdc dan di antaranya sebanyak 43 isolat dikategorikan sebagai BPH prolifik. Hasil sekuensing 16S rDNA menunjukkan sebanyak 30 dari 43 isolat BPH prolifik (69,8%) adalah Morganella morganii. Selain M. morganii, isolat lain yang ditemukan dari semua jenis ikan yang diamati adalah Photobacterium damselae (6,9%), keduanya merupakan BPH mesofilik. Isolat mesofilik lain yang teridentifikasi dari sampel TTC berasal dari genus Klebsiella (4,7%), Proteus (4,7%), Raoultella (4,7%), Shewanella (2,3%), dan Vibrio (6,9%). Keberadaan BPH prolifik ini mengindikasikan adanya potensi akumulasi histamin pada produk akhir TTC apabila dalam penanganan dan pengolahannya tidak menerapkan sistem rantai dingin dengan benar. ABSTRACT Tuna and tuna-like fish are economically important and popular amongst Indonesian consumers. However, the distribution, handling, and processing of these commodities are still facing many problems, including contamination of histamine producing bacteria (HPB) which may lead to histamine accumulation and cause human adverse health effects. This study aimed to identify HPB from fresh tuna and tuna-like fish sold in domestic markets in Indonesia, evaluate their profile, and characterize their ability to produce histamine. A number of 93 fish samples were obtained from fish landing, traditional and modern fish markets in West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Banten. Of 318 presumptive HPB identified from the sample, 59 isolates (19%) were confirmed as hdc-gene positive with 43 isolates were categorized as prolific HPB. Bacterial identification with 16S rDNA sequencing identified 30 out of 43 (69.8%) prolific HPB as Morganella morganii. Besides M. morganii, another mesophilic HPB identified from all different type of fish was Photobacterium damselae (6.9%), while the remaining mesophilic HPB were identified from genus Klebsiella (4.7%), Proteus (4.7%), Raoultella (4.7%), Shewanella (2.3%), and Vibrio (6.9%). The presence of prolific HPB in the samples suggested that histamine accumulation in the final product is possible if cold-chain system is not properly applied during fish handling and processing.
Ikan tuna termasuk komoditi yang mudah rusak sehingga perlu diolah untuk memperpanjang umur simpan, salah satu caranya dengan pengalengan. Penelitian tentang pengalengan tuna dari perairan Aceh belum ...pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas tuna kaleng yang disterilisasi menggunakan alat pressure canner berkapasitas 24L dengan memvariasikan suhu dan lama sterilisasi (suhu 121°C selama 20 menit dan suhu 115°C selama 50 menit) serta jenis medium (larutan garam dan minyak kelapa sawit). Ikan tuna yang dikalengkan diperoleh dari perairan Aceh. Parameter kualitas bahan baku yang diuji pada tuna segar adalah kadar histamin, angka lempeng total (ALT) dan pH. Sementara itu, parameter kualitas yang diuji pada tuna kaleng adalah ALT, pH, kandungan logam berat (timbal dan merkuri) serta tingkat penerimaan konsumen melalui uji organoleptik (hedonik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ALT tuna kaleng pada semua perlakuan <1x101 koloni/g, sedangkan kandungan timbal (Pb) <0,0001 mg/kg dan merkuri (Hg) berkisar antara 0,29-0,58 mg/kg. Hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa panelis secara umum dapat menerima kedua jenis produk tuna kaleng, namun panelis lebih menyukai rasa tuna kaleng dalam larutan garam serta warna tuna kaleng dalam minyak kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan pengalengan tuna sebaiknya dilakukan pada suhu 121°C selama 20 menit.ABSTRACTTuna is a perishable commodity thus it needs to be preserved to prolong its shelf life. The Canning process is one of the solutions to increase tuna shelf life at room temperature. Research on the tuna canning processes from Aceh waters has never been reported. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the quality of canned tuna which was sterilized using a 24L pressure canner with varying the temperature and duration of sterilization (121°C for 20 minutes and 115°C for 50 minutes) and the type of medium (brine and palm oil). The fresh tuna used for canning was caught from Aceh water. The quality parameters evaluated for fresh tuna were histamine levels, total plate count (TPC), and pH. Meanwhile, the parameters tested on the quality of the canned tuna were TPC, pH value, heavy metals lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) contamination, and levels of consumer acceptance through organoleptic tests (hedonic). The results indicated that the TPC values for all canned tuna were <1x101 cfu/g, the metal contaminations were <0.0001 mg/kg for Pb and in the range of 0.29-0.58 mg/kg for Hg. The hedonic tests proved that although all the panelists accepted these two types of canned tuna, they prefer the taste of canned tuna in a salt solution and the color of canned tuna in palm oil. This research suggests that the sterilization process for canned tuna using a 24L pressure canner should be carried out at 121°C for 20 min.
Background
Since decades, histamin applications are routinely performed in skin prick tests using a lancet. However, this technique is associated with various drawbacks.
Materials and Methods
In ...healthy human subjects, we investigated the effects of microneedle‐enhanced histamin delivery (wheal size, erythema size) in the skin microvasculature using polarized light spectroscopy imaging (Tissue Viability imaging, TiVi). Histamin was applied on microneedle‐pretreated skin or on ‐untreated skin, to assess the microvascular response in the local skin.
Results
In our results, histamin was delivered more rapidly into the skin after microneedle pretreatment compared to passive diffusion, visible as wheal and erythema.
Conclusion
The here presented technique might be useful for a personalized drug‐testing system in the future.
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic left us with thousands of patients suffering from neurological, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disorders named post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 or just
. ...In parallel, the vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein saved millions of lives worldwide but long-Covid symptoms also appeared rarely following vaccination with a strong overlap to the "canonical" long-Covid symptoms. A therapeutic strategy targeting both, post-VAC and post-SARS-CoV-2 long-Covid symptoms is warranted since exposure to the S-protein either by vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger identical immuno-inflammatory cascades resulting in long-Covid symptoms.
Protein có vai trò quan trọng hàng đầu đối với sự sống của con người và sinh vật. Cơ thịt đỏ cá ngừ chứa lượng lớn protein có giá trị dinh dưỡng cao. Tuy nhiên, cơ thịt đỏ cá ngừ này còn chứa ...histamin, lipid... mà một vài quá trình công nghệ sản xuất surimi, chả cá không loại bỏ được. Bài báo nghiên cứu về một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới quá trình chiết protein từ cơ thịt đỏ cá ngừ bằng phương pháp điều chỉnh pH và chỉ ra điều kiện hữu ích để tách chiết protein từ cơ thịt đỏ cá ngừ. Kết quả cho thấy, dung môi chiết có pH = 12; 13, thời gian hòa tan là 1h, với tỷ lệ nguyên liệu/dung môi chiết là 1/10 và nhiệt độ 30oC, lượng protein thu được là lớn nhất. Tuy nhiên, dung môi chiết có pH =13, thời gian hòa tan là 60 phút, nhiệt độ 30oC, với tỷ lệ nguyên liệu/dung môi chiết là 1/10 được chọn để chiết protein từ cơ thịt đỏ cá ngừ.
Biyojen aminler daha çok proteince zengin ve fermente gıdalarda mikroorganizma faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan ve sağlık üzerinde önemli etkileri olan bileşikler olmakla birlikte yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ...toksik etki gösteren bileşiklerdir. Bu nedenle mikroorganizma gelişimlerini etkileyen faktörler, biyojen amin oluşumunu da etkilemektedir. Biyojen aminlerin oluşumunu etkileyen temel faktörler; şeker konsantrasyonu, pH, sıcaklık, tuz konsantrasyonu, gıdadaki mikroorganizma türleri, starter kültürler, oksijen ve benzeri faktörler olarak gösterilmektedir. Biyojen aminler nitrit ve azot oksitler ile reaksiyona girebilmekte ve kanserojen nitrozaminleri oluşturabildikleri gibi, bir biyojen amin formundan diğer bir biyojen amin formuna da dönüşebilmektedirler. Ayrıca bazı poliaminlerin, poliamin oksidaz enzimiyle katabolizması sonucu toksik bir bileşik olan akrolein de oluşabilmektedir. Bu derlemede; biyojen aminlerin oluşum mekanizmaları, etkili faktörler ve diğer bileşiklere dönüşümleri literatür verileri incelenerek ele alınmıştır.
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