What kind of relationship do we have with artificial beings (avatars, puppets, robots, etc.)? What does it mean to mirror ourselves in them, to perform them or to play trial identity games with them? ...Actor & Avatar addresses these questions from artistic and scholarly angles. Contributions on the making of »technical others« and philosophical reflections on artificial alterity are flanked by neuroscientific studies on different ways of perceiving living persons and artificial counterparts. The contributors have achieved a successful artistic-scientific collaboration with extensive visual material.
In this work, we uncover a hidden linguistic property of emoji, namely that they are polysemous and can be used to form a semantic network of emoji meanings. Our key contributions to this direction ...of study are as follows: (1) We have developed a new corpus to help in the task of emoji sense prediction. This corpus contains tweets with single emojis, where each emoji has been labelled with an appropriate sense identifier from WordNet. (2) Experiments, which demonstrate that it is possible to predict the sense of an emoji using our corpus to a reasonable level of accuracy. We are able to report an average path-similarity score of 0.4146 for our best emoji sense prediction algorithm. (3) We further show that emoji sense is a useful feature in the emoji prediction task, where we report an accuracy of 58.8816 and macro-F1 score of 46.6640, beating reasonable baselines in this task. Our work demonstrates that importance of considering the meaning behind emoji, rather than ignoring them, or simply treating them as extra wordforms.
•We demonstrate that emoji are polysemous.•We have developed a new corpus to help in the task of emoji sense prediction.•Our experiments show that it is possible to predict the sense of an emoji.•We extend our experiments to show that emoji sense is a useful feature in the emoji prediction task.
The icon occupies an important place in theological and philosophical discourse, especially within Christian traditions. This paper argues that the theological notion of iconicity offers unique ...insight into rhetorical constructions of the ineffable. Central to such a task is the imbrication of icons in mythology, indeed their absolute dependence on them. By locating the "secular" mythological icon in a non-religious speech given by David Foster Wallace, this analysis posits both the indissolubility of myths and icons as well as their rhetorical utility in understanding forms of representation.
The purpose of this study was to determine the environment and culture of Pekalongan City through the
jlamprang
batik motif as one of the icons of Pekalongan batik motif. The problem of this research ...is related to the causes of the emergence of
jlamprang
batik motifs in Pekalongan as well as the environment and culture that shape this culture. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method, beginning with a literature study, followed by in-depth interviews with craftsmen, batik makers, and observers of Pekalongan batik, as well as direct observations at the production site. The results showed that Pekalongan is a port city that allows multicultural trade to occur as well as a city that has a batik creative industry. The cultural environment of Pekalongan was shaped by Arab Muslim traders, among others, indicated by the
jlamprang
motif as a flower-shaped and brightly colored batik motif.
This is the first book to explore the emergence and function of a novel pictorial format in the Middle Ages, the vita icon, which displayed the magnified portrait of a saint framed by scenes from his ...or her life. The vita icon was used for depicting the most popular figures in the Orthodox calendar and, in the Latin West, was deployed most vigorously in the service of Francis of Assisi. This book offers a compelling account of how this type of image embodied and challenged the prevailing structures of vision, representation and sanctity in Byzantium and among the Franciscans in Italy between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. Paroma Chatterjee uncovers the complexities of the philosophical and theological issues that had long engaged both the medieval East and West, such as the fraught relations between words and images, relics and icons, a representation and its subject, and the very nature of holy presence.
Objective
This study aimed to determine suitable combinations of text and pictogram sizes for older adults and investigated the visual prioritization of pictogram versus text.
Background
Icons have ...become an indispensable part of application (app) design. Pictogram size and text size of icons influence the usability of apps, especially by aged users. However, few studies have investigated the influences of different pictogram and text size combinations on readability, legibility, and visual search performance for older adults.
Method
This study used eye-tracking technology to investigate the effects of different pictogram and text size combinations as well as familiarity on readability, legibility, and visual search performance for older adults. A 3 (pictogram size) × 3 (text size) × 2 (familiarity) repeated-measures experimental design was used.
Results
The results of this study suggest that pictogram size and text size significantly affect visual search performance and that familiarity moderates the effect of text size on distribution of fixation duration proportion for text and pictograms.
Conclusion
Large pictogram and text sizes improved the readability and legibility of icons for older adults. Furthermore, the older adults fixated the area of text prior to pictograms when the pictogram size was larger than 72 × 72 px (1.38° × 1.38°) in the visual search task.
Application
The results of this study suggest using different combinations of pictogram and text sizes for older adults under different scenarios. The findings of this study act as practical support for designers and developers of mobile apps for older adults.
This book contributes to the re-emerging field of 'theology through the arts' by proposing a way of approaching one of the most challenging theological concepts - divine timelessness - through the ...principle of construction of space in the icon. One of the main objectives of this book is to discuss critically the implications of 'reverse perspective', which is especially characteristic of Byzantine and Byzantining art. Drawing on the work of Pavel Florensky, one of the foremost Russian religious philosophers at the beginning of the 20th century, Antonova shows that Florensky's concept of 'supplementary planes' can be used productively within a new approach to the question. Antonova works up new criteria for the understanding of how space and time can be handled in a way that does not reverse standard linear perspective (as conventionally claimed) but acts in its own way to create eternalised images which are not involved with perspective at all. Arguing that the structure of the icon is determined by a conception of God who exits in past, present, and future, simultaneously, Antonova develops an iconography of images done in the Byzantine style both in the East and in the West which is truer to their own cultural context than is generally provided for by western interpretations. This book draws upon philosophy, theology and liturgy to see how relatively abstract notions of a deity beyond time and space enter images made by painters.
Greta Thunberg’s meteoric rise from lonely school striker in August 2018 to global icon is one of the most remarkable political phenomena in recent decades, and one full of paradoxes. Thunberg ...started out with no resources, a child of 15 with limited experience and a history of Asperger’s. Thunberg’s iconic performance seems to have been able to turn these weaknesses into strengths. To understand how this happened, we must situate her analysis within the social media ecology. Two things distinguish this environment from previous phases: iconic protagonists now have wide degrees of control over their own performance, and audiences are no longer mere receptors of iconic performance, but active co-performers. Greta Thunberg is one of the first major political icons to have been fully formed within the new social media ecology. This article provides the first systematic analysis of this dynamic.
Sentiment of Emojis Kralj Novak, Petra; Smailović, Jasmina; Sluban, Borut ...
PloS one,
12/2015, Volume:
10, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
There is a new generation of emoticons, called emojis, that is increasingly being used in mobile communications and social media. In the past two years, over ten billion emojis were used on Twitter. ...Emojis are Unicode graphic symbols, used as a shorthand to express concepts and ideas. In contrast to the small number of well-known emoticons that carry clear emotional contents, there are hundreds of emojis. But what are their emotional contents? We provide the first emoji sentiment lexicon, called the Emoji Sentiment Ranking, and draw a sentiment map of the 751 most frequently used emojis. The sentiment of the emojis is computed from the sentiment of the tweets in which they occur. We engaged 83 human annotators to label over 1.6 million tweets in 13 European languages by the sentiment polarity (negative, neutral, or positive). About 4% of the annotated tweets contain emojis. The sentiment analysis of the emojis allows us to draw several interesting conclusions. It turns out that most of the emojis are positive, especially the most popular ones. The sentiment distribution of the tweets with and without emojis is significantly different. The inter-annotator agreement on the tweets with emojis is higher. Emojis tend to occur at the end of the tweets, and their sentiment polarity increases with the distance. We observe no significant differences in the emoji rankings between the 13 languages and the Emoji Sentiment Ranking. Consequently, we propose our Emoji Sentiment Ranking as a European language-independent resource for automated sentiment analysis. Finally, the paper provides a formalization of sentiment and a novel visualization in the form of a sentiment bar.
Using brand netnography (analyzing first-person on-line stories consumers tell that include discussions of their product and brand use), this article probes how visitors interpret the places, people, ...and situations that they experience while traveling in China (People's Republic of China). The visitors' reports focus on four greater metropolitan areas in China: Beijing, Lijiang, Shanghai, and Xi'an. Visitor stories interpreting these destinations support Robert McKee's wisdom that powerful storytelling moves people via unique “inciting incidents”—incidents serving to unfreeze or throw life out-of-balance. The visitors' destination lived-dramas give credence to Tom Peter's advocacy of focusing strategically on brand and Doug Holt's treatise on how brands become icons. The analysis includes applying Heider's balance theory in maps showing immediate and downstream positive and negative associations of concepts, events, and outcomes in visitors' stories. These maps include descriptions of how visitors experience specific Chinese destinations unique promises (i.e., distinct cultural history, minority way-of-life (Naxi society), China's Big Apple, China's origin, respectively for Beijing, Lijiang, Shanghai, and Xi'an). The article provides a revisionist proposal to Holt's five-step strategy for building destinations as iconic brands and suggestions for tourism management.
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