Many emojis symbolize nonverbal cues that are used during face-to-face communication. Despite their popularity, few studies have examined how emojis influence digital interactions. The present study ...addresses this gap by measuring the impact of emojis on emotion interpretation, social attributions, and information processing. Participants read messages that are typical of social exchanges in instant text messaging (IM) accompanied by emojis that mimic negative, positive and neutral facial expressions. Sentence valence and emoji valence were paired in a fully crossed design such that verbal and nonverbal messages were either congruent or incongruent. Perceived emotional state of the sender, perceived warmth, and patterns of eye movements that reflect information processing were measured. A negativity effect was observed whereby the sender's mood was perceived as negative when a negative emoji and/or a negative sentence were presented. Moreover, the presence of a negative emoji intensified the perceived negativity of negative sentences. Adding a positive emoji to a message increased the perceived warmth of the sender. Finally, processing speed and understanding of verbal messages was enhanced by the presence of congruent emojis. Our results therefore support the use of emojis, and in particular positive emojis, to improve communication, express feelings, and make a positive impression during socially-driven digital interactions.
•Emojis convey information about the sender's affect.•Senders that use positive emojis are perceived as being warmer.•Congruent emojis enhance comprehension of text messages.•Users should favor positive emojis in their digital communications.
Twenty-first century metropolises are often engaged in a rivalry for primacy in many different geographical scales. Dubai, a relatively new urban settlement, is not immune from such endeavor. The ...Emirate has undertaken an impressive urban revolution in a rather explicit attempt to become a novel New York.
This viewpoint explores the present evolution of the city, illustrating how a centralized and hyper-entrepreneurial approach has characterized Dubai’s attempt to ascend in the ‘world urban hierarchy’ and establish itself as the image of the 21st century metropolis. Contrary to much of the eulogistic take that often features in city rankings, an analysis of this venture through the city’s contemporary urban restructuring unveils the problematic social effects of Dubai’s quest for “symbolic power” – that technique of ‘worldmaking’ that confers influence by constituting the given by stating and mediating it. The compulsive sprawl of ‘icons’ and ‘vertical cities’ associated with this practice might set the Emirate on a perilous course with disastrous social consequences. In this view, the article draws upon some of the most astonishing works-in-progress of this city – and the Burj Dubai
in primis – to explain the complexity of this power, and the many contradictions that can arise with it as quickly as Dubai’s skyscrapers.
As a response to the increased need for humanization and representation in STEM, a set of open-source, customizable icons was developed using stackable vector graphics to allow participants to design ...their own research icons. These icons have the potential to both grant research participant's greater agency in their representation and attempt to minimize bias introduced by the researcher. Additionally, the representation provided by the developed icons help to illuminate those that are participating in geoscience. The visual representation of research participants provides an opportunity for these individuals to see themselves represented in geoscience spaces and aids in visualizing the geoscience community. Examples of implementation in both quantitative and qualitative research are provided and the authors encourage their use by the broader research community.
Ionic covalent organic nanosheets (iCONs), a member of the two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials family, offer a unique functional platform for a wide range of applications. Herein, we explore the ...potential of an ethidium bromide (EB)‐based covalent organic framework (EB‐TFP) that self‐exfoliates in water resulting in 2D ionic covalent organic nanosheets (EB‐TFP‐iCONs) for the selective detection of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). In an aqueous medium, the self‐exfoliated EB‐TFP‐iCONs reassemble in the presence of dsDNA resulting in hybrid EB‐TFP‐iCONs‐DNA crystalline nanosheets with enhanced fluorescence at 600 nm. Detailed steady‐state and time‐resolved emission studies revealed that the reassembly phenomenon was highly selective for dsDNA when compared to single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA), which allowed us to use the EB‐TFP‐iCONs as a 2D fluorescent platform for the label‐free detection of complementary DNA strands.
Feelin' single, seein' double: Self‐exfoliated nanosheets of an ionic COF were used as a fluorescent platform for the selective detection of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). DNA induced the reassembly of the 2D nanosheets, and the associated fluorescence changes facilitated the discrimination of dsDNA from single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and other phosphates.
•We contribute the MobileIcon dataset, which is a novel and challenging dataset for icon detection.•This paper proposes a unified pipeline to real-time detection of small-scale objects, called ...IconYOLO.•In order to alleviate gradient vanishing, we integrate two DBL units and a residual unit into our passthrough operation.
Icons are widely used as a UI component in mobile applications. However, it is considerably difficult to detect icons because of their small size. Existing rapid object detection frameworks, such as YOLO and SSD, cannot perform well on small objects, such as icons, because of the multiple downsampling layers of convolutional networks and prediction grids. This paper summarizes our recent efforts toward the goal of small-scale icon detection. First, we describe the tiny icon collection (named MobileIcon), which contains 32,670 images spanning 20 different icon categories. This database allows us to systematically study icon detection in mobile apps and to establish a benchmark for icon recognition. We also explore a way to detect icons in real-time called IconYOLO, which detects icons at the native resolution of App snapshots. We introduce a small-scale feature module based on a modified passthrough operation to fuse deep semantic information with shallow detail features. Different from the original passthrough operation, our structure employs more upsamples and DBL units for feature maps fusing. The vanishing gradient issue can be addressed by residual units. Finally, icons can be detected on a single-scale grid rather than a multiscale grid in YOLOv3. Compared with YOLOv3, IconYOLO performs 9.63% better on the MobileIcon dataset. To further verify the generalization of our network, an experiment on the traditional PASCAL VOC dataset is performed.
Este artículo quiere hacer uso de la metodología semiótica de la cultura para abordar un fenómeno clave nuestra mediática como es el de la fama, y en particular, su vinculación con el discurso ...religioso y la construcción de ídolos e iconos en ambientes altamente mediatizados. Históricamente vinculados al problema de la imagen sagrada y de su regulación, se nos presentan hoy como estados de fama superlativa y como elementos que siguen hablando de la actitud que mantenemos con las imágenes que creamos. Observaremos por tanto en una perspectiva macro, qué se mantiene, qué ha desaparecido y qué se ha incorporado en nuestra concepción de los actuales ídolos e iconos, parientes pobres de la cultura, con respecto a los regímenes de sentido establecido por sus homónimos religiosos.
This article argues that appropriations are central to the production and reception of visual icons: appropriations are instrumental in iconization processes as they confirm and consolidate the ...iconic status by recycling the image in question. Moreover, appropriations are vital to their reception as they help shape and delimit the publics and discourses surrounding visual icons. This article draws on existing research on icons and appropriations to develop a theoretical framework for how appropriations construct, confirm, and contest icons and how personification constitutes the main link between icons and their appropriations. Three sets of appropriations are analyzed of the iconic imagery of Alan Kurdi, the refugee boy drowning in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015. First, the numerous appropriations circulated under the Twitter hashtag #humanitywashedashore. Based on genre analysis of these appropriations, two overall modes are singled out: the appropriations decontextualize or recontextualize the figure of Kurdi. The two next analytical cases test the limits of decontextualization and recontextualization: Chinese artist Ai Weiwei decontextualizes the Kurdi imagery in a controversial reenactment, while a series of cartoons by French satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo inserted the photo into contested contexts to critique why and how this imagery was turned into an icon.
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