The class Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta) includes morphologically and ecologically diverse green algae. Most of the documented species belong to the clade formed by the Chlamydomonadales (also called ...Volvocales) and Sphaeropleales. Although studies based on the nuclear 18S rRNA gene or a few combined genes have shed light on the diversity and phylogenetic structure of the Chlamydomonadales, the positions of many of the monophyletic groups identified remain uncertain. Here, we used a chloroplast phylogenomic approach to delineate the relationships among these lineages.
To generate the analyzed amino acid and nucleotide data sets, we sequenced the chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) of 24 chlorophycean taxa; these included representatives from 16 of the 21 primary clades previously recognized in the Chlamydomonadales, two taxa from a coccoid lineage (Jenufa) that was suspected to be sister to the Golenkiniaceae, and two sphaeroplealeans. Using Bayesian and/or maximum likelihood inference methods, we analyzed an amino acid data set that was assembled from 69 cpDNA-encoded proteins of 73 core chlorophyte (including 33 chlorophyceans), as well as two nucleotide data sets that were generated from the 69 genes coding for these proteins and 29 RNA-coding genes. The protein and gene phylogenies were congruent and robustly resolved the branching order of most of the investigated lineages. Within the Chlamydomonadales, 22 taxa formed an assemblage of five major clades/lineages. The earliest-diverging clade displayed Hafniomonas laevis and the Crucicarteria, and was followed by the Radicarteria and then by the Chloromonadinia. The latter lineage was sister to two superclades, one consisting of the Oogamochlamydinia and Reinhardtinia and the other of the Caudivolvoxa and Xenovolvoxa. To our surprise, the Jenufa species and the two spine-bearing green algae belonging to the Golenkinia and Treubaria genera were recovered in a highly supported monophyletic group that also included three taxa representing distinct families of the Sphaeropleales (Bracteacoccaceae, Mychonastaceae, and Scenedesmaceae).
Our phylogenomic study advances our knowledge regarding the circumscription and internal structure of the Chlamydomonadales, suggesting that a previously unrecognized lineage is sister to the Sphaeropleales. In addition, it offers new insights into the flagellar structures of the founding members of both the Chlamydomonadales and Sphaeropleales.
Aided by a host of bioinformatics tools, primary and secondary structural analyses of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from the eukaryotic ribosomal RNA repeat have a long and enviable record ...of service to diversity studies of fungi, plants and protists. Automation of annotation, secondary structure estimation and sequence alignment have become routine for the vast majority of ITS2 sequences. Challenges to the bioinformatics pipeline for ITS2 analysis generally arise in cases where the sequence length lies well outside the norm. These sequences generally defy protocols for annotation and secondary structure prediction. The long ITS2 sequences (ca. 600 nucleotides) from the green alga, Jenufa, offered an opportunity to explore this problem. Custom BLAST parameters revealed the presence of 4-helix structures (200–250 nucleotides) embedded in the 5′ portion of several long ITS2 sequences of Jenufa. Of special note is the ITS2 sequence of J. lobulosa where a 4-helix structure was obtained for both the embedded ITS2 and for the complete sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of these typically-sized sequences resolved Golenkinia longispicula as the sister to Jenufa. Our observations indicate that other long ITS2 sequences should be examined for evidence of expansion or duplication. In addition, if the embedded ITS2 sequences are functional, then ribogenesis is almost certainly more diverse than is already apparent from studies of humans and yeast.
•Custom BLAST parameters revealed the presence of 4-helix structures embedded in the long ITS2 sequences of Jenufa•For J. lobulosa a 4-helix structure was obtained for both the embedded ITS2 and for the complete sequence•ITS2 sequence-structure phylogenetics affirmed an alliance between Jenufa and Golenkinia (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae)
The diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms is far from fully described, as indicated by the vast number of unassigned genotypes retrieved by environmental sequencing or metagenomics. We isolated ...several strains of unicellular green algae from algal biofilms growing on tree bark in a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest and determined them to be relatives of an unidentified lineage of environmental 18S rDNA sequences, thus uncovering its cellular identity. Light, confocal, and electron microscope observations and sequencing the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the strains represent two different species within an apparently new genus, described here as Jenufa gen. nov. Both species formed minute coccoid cells with an irregular globular outline, a smooth cell wall, and a single parietal chloroplast without a pyrenoid. The two species, described herein as J. perforata and J. minuta, differed in chloroplast morphology and cell wall structure. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA gene sequences showed a firm relationship between the two species and placed the Jenufa lineage in an unresolved position within the CS clade (Chlamydomonadales + Sphaeropleales) of the class Chlorophyceae, although possible affinities to the genus Golenkinia were suggested both by maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. Furthermore, two almost identical environmental 18S rDNA sequences from an endolithic microbial community occurring in dolomite rock in the central Alps turned out to be specifically related to, yet apparently distinct from, the sequence of J. minuta, indicating the existence of an undescribed Jenufa species occurring in the temperate zone.
Purpose
Hypogea can be considered under-examined environments as regards microbial biodiversity. New understanding has been gained about the predominant phototrophic microorganisms forming biofilms ...colonising archaeological surfaces in hypogea. In fact, the description of new taxa has remained elusive until recently, as many biofilm-forming phototrophs possess a cryptic morphology with a lack of specialised cells.
Methods
A multiphasic study, including cytomorphological and ecological descriptions, genetic and biochemical analysis was carried out on the biofilms colonising hypogean environments around the Maltese islands. Molecular studies were imperative because biodiversity was found to be more complex than that indicated by classical taxonomy.
Results
The dominant microbial life-form on archaeological surfaces is a compact subaerial biofilm. This study has led to new strains of the eukaryotic microalgal genus
Jenufa
, and the prokaryotic cyanobacteria
Oculatella
,
Albertania
and
Nodosilinea
being identified as the principal phototrophic biofilm-formers colonising the ancient decorated surfaces of Maltese hypogea. Complex morphologies and elaborate life cycles were eliminated as biodiversity was dictated only by the local contemporary microenvironment. The production of thick multilayered sheaths aided adherence to the substrate, concentrating microbial cells in biofilm formation.
Albertania skiophila
trichomes were able to glide inside the extracellular matrix.
Oculatella subterranea
exhibited phototaxis associated with a photosensitive apical cell containing a rhodopsin-like pigment.
Conclusion
The biofilm provided a protective barrier and an improved chance of survival for cells growing in a low-nutrient, low-light environment. Effective strategies to prevent and control the growth of biofilms on the archaeological surface should take into consideration the adaptation of microorganisms to this particular mode of life.
The diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms is far from fully described, as indicated by the vast number of unassigned genotypes retrieved by environmental sequencing or metagenomics. We isolated ...several strains of unicellular green algae from algal biofilms growing on tree bark in a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest and determined them to be relatives of an unidentified lineage of environmental 18S rDNA sequences, thus uncovering its cellular identity. Light, confocal, and electron microscope observations and sequencing the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the strains represent two different species within an apparently new genus, described here as Jenufa gen. nov. Both species formed minute coccoid cells with an irregular globular outline, a smooth cell wall, and a single parietal chloroplast without a pyrenoid. The two species, described herein as J. perforata and J. minuta, differed in chloroplast morphology and cell wall structure. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA gene sequences showed a firm relationship between the two species and placed the Jenufa lineage in an unresolved position within the CS clade (Chlamydomonadales + Sphaeropleales) of the class Chlorophyceae, although possible affinities to the genus Golenkinia were suggested both by maximum‐likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. Furthermore, two almost identical environmental 18S rDNA sequences from an endolithic microbial community occurring in dolomite rock in the central Alps turned out to be specifically related to, yet apparently distinct from, the sequence of J. minuta, indicating the existence of an undescribed Jenufa species occurring in the temperate zone.
Cook reviews Wagner: Traume: Arias from Die Feen, Derfliegende Hollander, Tannhauser and Siegfried; Wesendonck-Lieder by Jenufa Gleich with BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Fabrice Bollon.
A: overdel hvit bluse med puffermer og kniplinger, rød/ grønn bolero med bånd.
B: skjørt, rød/ oransje mønstret med grove gule og grønne bånd, kniplet kant, mønstret grønt forkle.
Den norske opera no ...101, 12/9-1968
Jenufa: brudepike III
Kor: Torhild Staahlen
Coppelia 1972
Guri P. Glad
Coppelia: Gro Gudim
BACKCROUND TO
BBC music magazine,
12/2020, Volume:
29, Issue:
3
Magazine Article
Born in the US to a Jewish family and brought up on Long Island, Jenufa Gleich was inspired to study singing by a recording of Maria Callas. After lessons with Maria Caruso Farnworth, Gleich began ...her career singing dramatic bel canto roles, and moved to Florence specially to study Italian. The repertoire proved ideal preparation for Wagner, whose music requires tremendous breath control and long phrasing. Gleich made her Wagner debut in Longborough Festival Opera's Ring Cycle in 2013. Now a dramatic high soprano, Gleich specialises in Wagnerian heroines.
Czech composer Leoš Janáček's most famous opera, Jenůfa , is a harrowing tale of forbidden love, abandonment, hypocrisy, desperation, and tragic infanticide. Drawing on both scholarly studies and ...production experience, Timothy Cheek presents an original English-language translation of the Czech libretto. As with the first two books in the series, this volume consists of two parts. Part I gives background on the opera and describes the various voice types and roles, Janáček's style and Czech performance traditions, Czech folk costumes, and Czech pronunciation and inflection. Part II provides the original Czech libretto, word-for-word English translations, idiomatic English translations, IPA for pronunciation of the Czech, translations of the stage directions, and notes about certain words in Czech dialect.--Publisher's description.
Recognition of two great contemporaries Milin, Melita
Muzikologija : časopis Muzikološkog instituta Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti,
2015, Volume:
2015, Issue:
18
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The common denominator in the careers of two contemporaries and great men,
citizens of Austria-Hungary - Leos Jan?cek and Sigmund Freud - was that, in
spite of their status as outsiders, they managed ...to achieve well-deserved
recognition. Both non-Germans, they had to surmount a number of obstacles in
order to attain their professional goals. The Slavophile Jan?cek dreamed for
a long time of success in Prague, which came at last in 1916, two years
before a triumph in Vienna. Freud had serious difficulties in his academic
career because of the strengthening of racial prejudices and national hatred
which were especially marked at the end of the 19th century. After the
dissolution of the Empire things changed for the better for the composer,
whose works got an excellent reception in Austria and Germany, whereas the
psychiatrist had to leave Vienna after the Anschluss.
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