India’s rapid urbanisation and biodiversity decline together have critical global implications in the Anthropocene. However, the complex socio-religious dimensions of urban biodiversity are ...overlooked in current planning. This paper casts animals as vital components of urban societies in India to argue for species-inclusive zoöpolises as viable cities of the future. It proposes ‘posthuman cosmopolitanism’ as a planning ethic that extends pluralism to multispecies in the Anthropocene, cognisant of the socio-cultural and religious frames in which animals are enmeshed in India. These narratives have significant implications in the Kali Yuga or the apocalyptic cosmological epoch, which Hindus believe is currently underway. Akin to the Anthropocene, human action bears an exceptional significance in the events of the Kali Yuga, which is believed to be a precursor to human, ecological, and even planetary annihilation. The paper examines human-snake conflict, one of the most widespread human-animal encounters in Indian cities. Snakes play vital roles in urban ecologies and religio-cultural narratives in India. Simultaneously, religious and social perceptions of serpents contribute to a fear of snakes. Fundamental to snake preservation in the Indian urban Anthropocene is an expansion of diversity to ‘multinatural diversity’, and a reconfiguration of human-snake relations in socio-cultural frames.
Kyanite-bearing migmatitic paragneiss of the lower Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) in the Kali Gandaki transect (Central Himalaya) was investigated. In spite of the intense shearing, it was still ...possible to obtain many fundamental information for understanding the processes active during orogenesis. Using a multidisciplinary approach, including careful meso- and microstructural observations, pseudosection modelling (with PERPLE_X), trace element thermobarometry and in situ monazite U–Th–Pb geochronology, we constrained the pressure–temperature–time–deformation path of the studied rock, located in a structural key position. The migmatitic gneiss has experienced protracted prograde metamorphism after the India–Asia collision (50–55Ma) from ~43Ma to 28Ma. During the late phase (36–28Ma) of this metamorphism, the gneiss underwent high-pressure melting at “near peak” conditions (710–720°C/1.0–1.1GPa) leading to kyanite-bearing leucosome formation. In the time span of 25–18Ma, the rock experienced decompression and cooling associated with pervasive shearing reaching P–T conditions of 650–670°C and 0.7–0.8GPa, near the sillimanite–kyanite transition. This time span is somewhat older than previously reported for this event in the study area. During this stage, additional, but very little melt was produced. Taking the migmatitic gneiss as representative of the GHS, these data demonstrate that this unit underwent crustal melting at about 1GPa in the Eocene–Early Oligocene, well before the widely accepted Miocene decompressional melting related to its extrusion. In general, kyanite-bearing migmatite, as reported here, could be linked to the production of the high-Ca granitic melts found along the Himalayan belt.
•A P–T–D–t path is constructed for kyanite-bearing migmatite in the Kali Gandaki.•In situ monazite dating reveal a protracted metamorphic history for these rocks.•High pressure melting occurs in the “Eohimalayan” stage.•Evidences of a complex structural architecture in the GHS of Central Himalaya
•Origin of particulate organic carbon in Himalayan river sediments constrained.•Bayesian end-member mixing approach robustly differentiates organic carbon sources.•Himalayan sediment and organic ...carbon yield are decoupled.•Decoupling due to spatial diversity of organic sources and erosion processes.•Organic carbon export dominated by input from Tibetan part of the catchment.
Rivers transfer particulate organic carbon (POC) from eroding mountains into geological sinks. Organic carbon source composition and selective mobilization have been shown to affect the type and quantity of POC export, but their combined effects across complex mountain ranges remain underexplored. Here, we examine the variation in organic carbon sourcing and transport in the trans-Himalayan Kali Gandaki River catchment, along strong gradients in precipitation, rock type and vegetation. Combining bulk stable nitrogen, and stable and radioactive organic carbon isotopic composition of bedrock, litter, soil and river sediment samples with a Bayesian end-member mixing approach, we differentiate POC sources along the river and quantify their export. Our analysis shows that POC export from the Tibetan segment of the catchment, where carbon bearing shales are partially covered by aged and modern soils, is dominated by petrogenic POC. Based on our data we re-assess the presence of aged biospheric OC in this part of the catchment, and its contribution to the river load. In the High Himalayan segment, we observed low inputs of petrogenic and biospheric POC, likely due to very low organic carbon concentrations in the metamorphic bedrock, combined with erosion dominated by deep-seated landslides. Our findings show that along the Kali Gandaki River, the sourcing of sediment and organic carbon are decoupled, due to differences in rock organic carbon content, soil and above ground carbon stocks, and geomorphic process activity. While the fast eroding High Himalayas are the principal source of river sediment, the Tibetan headwaters, where erosion rates are lower, are the principal source of organic carbon. To robustly estimate organic carbon export from the Himalayas, the mountain range should be divided into tectono-physiographic zones with distinct organic carbon yields due to differences in substrate and erosion processes and rates.
O artigo trata de um conjunto de práticas, procedimentos rituais e “cuidados” envolvidos na construção, adornação e consagração de imagens religiosas em um templo hindu da deusa Kali na Guiana ...(antiga Guiana Inglesa), particularmente aqueles dirigidos às murtis, ou seja, imagens esculpidas de divindades hindus. Por meio da descrição dos atos envolvidos com a construção de murtis busca-se explorar o modo pelo qual se (re)criam conhecimentos, inovações e percepções estéticas. Sugere-se que murtis produzem efeitos que são encarnados nos corpos e na vida de devotos, expandindo-se para além de templos e altares.
Encountering Kali McDermott, Rachel Fell; Kripal, Jeffrey J
2003
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Encountering Kali explores one of the most remarkable divinities the world has seen--the Hindu goddess Kali. She is simultaneously understood as a blood-thirsty warrior, a goddess of ritual ...possession, a Tantric sexual partner, and an all-loving, compassionate Mother. Popular and scholarly interest in her has been on the rise in the West in recent years. Responding to this phenomenon, this volume focuses on the complexities involved in interpreting Kali in both her indigenous South Asian settings and her more recent Western incarnations. Using scriptural history, temple architecture, political violence, feminist and psychoanalytic criticism, autobiographical reflection, and the goddess's recent guises on the Internet, the contributors pose questions relevant to our understanding of Kali, as they illuminate the problems and promises inherent in every act of cross-cultural interpretation.
The South Tibetan detachment system (STDS) is one of the most important deformational features in the Himalayan orogen; yet its evolution in space and time remain incompletely understood. Here, we ...present the results of a new study of the primary, basal strand of the STDS in the Annapurna Himalaya of central Nepal: the Annapurna detachment. The original discovery outcrop of this structure in the Kali Gandaki valley reveals that multiple leucogranite bodies are variably deformed by ductile slip on the detachment. New laser‐ablation (U‐Th)/Pb dating of complex monazite suites from these bodies indicates that leucogranites in this outcrop intruded over a period extending from at least 22.76 ± 0.30–14.95 ± 0.78 Ma. Field relationships and microstructures within studied samples show that ductile slip on the Annapurna detachment was active—at least episodically—throughout this period and also continued into the more recent past. Based on cooling history models for the outcrop constrained by 40Ar/39Ar and (U‐Th)/He data, ductile slip likely continued until at least 12 Ma. These results are at odds with previous inferences that slip on the STDS in central Nepal had ceased by ca. 22 Ma and call into question the popular idea that there was an abrupt geodynamic transition from predominantly N‐S‐directed extension to predominantly E‐W‐directed extension in the central Himalaya in the early Miocene.
Key Points
A novel Bayesian approach to the interpretation of Th/Pb monazite dates improves our ability to reconstruct leucogranite emplacement ages
Late‐stage ductile slip on the basal strand of the South Tibetan detachment system in the Kali Gandaki valley overlapped with the opening of the Thakkhola graben
This is inconsistent with models of Himalayan‐Tibetan orogenic evolution that invoke an abrupt geodynamic transition in the early Miocene
Pseudapocryptes elongatus adalah sejenis Mudskipper yang ditemukan di muara-muara atau mulut sungai. Pseudapocryptes elongatus dikenal dengan ikan janjan. Para penduduk setempat menangkap ikan ini ...untuk digunakan sebagai ikan konsumsi karena mempunyai rasa yang gurih dan tekstur yang lembut, sampai saat ini permintaan terhadap ikan janjan masih tinggi, namun keberadaan ikan janjan masih tergantung dari hasil tangkapan nelayan. Keberadaanya beberapa tahun terakhir mulai menurun ditandai dengan semakin kecilnya ukuran ikan hasil tangkapan dan semakin menurun hasil tangkapan maka keberadaannya di alam terancam mengalami kepunahan. Domestikasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mencegah ikan janjan dari kepunahan, tetapi informasi tentang biologi ikan janjan masih sangat terbatas, termasuk tentang kebiasaan makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makan ikan janjan pada bulan Nopember sampai Januari, sehingga akan bermanfaat sebagai acuan usaha domestikasi. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan cara mengambil ikan janjan di muara kali miring kabupaten Gresik dua minggu sekali dari bulan Nopember sampai Agustus. Ikan kemudian diukur panjang dan ditimbang beratnya, kemudian dibedah untuk diambil saluran pencernaannya untuk dilakukan analisis tentang kebiasaan makan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan janjan merupakan ikan omnivora dengan Relative Gut Length < 3, dengan makanan utama berupa diatom (37,57%), disusul kemudian oleh Rotifera, Cyanophyta, Protista, Chlorophyta, dan Arthropoda sebesar (30,69%; 26, 39%; 4%; 1,22% dan 0,12% berturut-turut).
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