The article explores the history of Kazakh deputations to the Russian imperial court in the mid-to-late 19th century. For the first time in historiography, we have analyzed the deputative missions of ...the Kazakhs during this period as a mechanism for interaction between the imperial ruling circles and the steppe elite. The article aims to scrutinize the goals and objectives of sending deputations, the composition of participants, and the characteristics of this practice throughout its existence. Amidst the social transformation of Kazakh society – spurred by the integration of the steppe region into the broader imperial space – the status of the local elite began to be determined more by personal merits to the empire than by class origin. The Russian authorities viewed the practice of deputations as a means of bolstering the loyalty of the steppe aristocracy, and also to draw them in as participants in the empire’s civilizing mission in the East. For the Kazakh elite, this practice provided an opportunity to solidify the authority among their peers, served as recognition of their merits at the highest level, and offered a path to integrate into the pan-Russian administrative class. Over the period in question, the number of petitions submitted by representatives of the Kazakh elite has consistently dwindled. By the end of the 19th century, the practice of deputations had ultimately degenerated and began to assume a mostly symbolic role. This article is intended for specialists studying the policy of the Russian Empire in Kazakhstan.
Phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) is an important inducer of Ca2+ oscillations in mammalian sperm. To explore the influence of PLCζ on early embryonic Ca2+ fluctuations during sperm-egg binding, this study ...used PLCζ from sheep sperm to construct an early embryonic Ca2+ fluctuation model. First, sheep MII oocytes were cultivated and screened using microinjection technology. Then, a pEGFP-N1-PLCζ plasmid was constructed to activate oocytes in the test group. Ionomycin combined with 6-Dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) was used for the control group to explore the effects on early embryonic development and regulation of Ca2+ fluctuations during development. The results demonstrated that both the PLCζ and ionomycin combined with 6-DMAP activation methods induced sheep oocyte parthenogenetic activation and development in early embryos. In comparisons, the cleavage rate of ionomycin combined with 6-DMAP activation was significantly higher than that of PLCζ (60.9% ± 19.4% vs 76.1% ± 0.7%, respectively; p < 0.001), and the blastocyst rates were 16.2% ± 0.62% and 21.1% ± 0.92%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, when comparing the distribution of Ca2+ in early embryos at different stages, Ca2+ in both treatment groups was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, but the temporal pattern of Ca2+ fluctuations differed. PLCζ resulted in Ca2+ peaks that appeared at the cleavage and morula stages of early embryos, and Ca2+ returned to normal levels at the morula stage. However, the Ca2+ concentration after ionomycin combined with 6-DMAP activation was always much higher than that with PLCζ, and its single peak appeared later than in the PLCζ group. In summary, the PLCζ gene promoted stable regulatory effects on Ca2+ fluctuations at different stages during early embryonic development.
•PLC ζ gene has a promoting effect during early embryonic development.•PLC ζ gene has a stable regulatory effect on Ca2+ fluctuations at different stages of early embryonic development.
Shadow trading is a common activity along state borders. Its omnipresence is puzzling because border checkpoints are highly regulated spaces that are heavily gated and securitized. Most studies ...attribute such a paradox to ineffective border control and corruption. However, this line of argument overlooks the peculiar nature of border and checkpoint governance. We explore this phenomenon with a case study of the Sino‐Kazakh border where shadow traders negotiate their passage every day. We find that border crossing is a highly organized activity dictated by informal yet specific and meticulous rules that are enforced by various state and non‐state actors. Together, they constitute a kind of gray governance that is thoroughly entwined with the formal regime. It is a kind of technology of rule that enables the state to selectively enforce formal and informal rules so as to accommodate the conflicting goals of border control.
Muhtar Magavin, who attracted the attention of the science and art community thanks to both his scientific studies on literature and his literary works in his twenties, is one of the distinguished ...writers of both Kazakh Soviet Literature and Independence Period Kazakh Literature. He became one of the indispensable writers for the Kazakh society since he tried to bring national values to the forefront in even his works he produced during the Soviet period. In his literary works, he reflected the national customs and traditions of the Kazakh people, the beautiful traditions and customs that were about to be forgotten, the temperament of the Kazakh people in a realistic and successful way. His novels, stories, long stories, scientific studies, textbooks, translations, and articles on various subjects have appeared in newspapers and magazines. The main subject of all his oeuvre is the socio-cultural situation of the Kazakh people, the protection of national identity and national language, the present and future situation of the Kazakh state and its people. One of his greatest services to Kazakh history and literature is that he brought the history of Kazakh literature three centuries ago to the forefront, as well as bringing into light the names and works of ancient Kazakh poets in danger of being forgetten. In this study, in which Muhtar Magavin’s place and importance in Kazakh literature was briefly explained above, Muhtar Magavin’s activities and works are focused on.
Abai’s poetry in Eco’s semiotic light Khassenova, Roza; Sarkulova, Manifa
Chinese semiotic studies = Zhongguo fu hao xue yan jiu,
05/2024, Volume:
20, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The article explores the poetry of Abai Qunanbaiuly, a renowned philosopher and a founder of modern Kazakh literature, through the semiotic perspective of Umberto Eco. The study is a part of a ...broader research project in cultural studies titled “Semiotic Interpretation of Culture by Umberto Eco.” Specifically, the poem under analysis is “Allanyn özi de ras, sözi de ras” (“Allah is truth, His word is truth”), written in 1902. While Abai’s works initially garnered great enthusiasm, they now provoke heated discussions within Kazakh society. By applying a semiotic approach, this study offers a fresh perspective on Abai’s poetry, enabling new insights and interpretations.
A comprehensive review of new data on geology and geochronology of Precambrian terranes in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt reveals new insights into its evolution. At the present surface, ...these terranes mostly consist of Meso- to Neoproterozoic sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic assemblages, with insignificant Paleoproterozoic rocks. Archean material is represented exclusively by detrital and xenocrystic zircons in younger strata. Meso- to Neoproterozoic felsic magmatic rocks were mostly sourced from Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic continental crust, indicating its reworking and potential wider presence at deeper crustal levels. Most Meso- to Neoproterozoic assemblages are of intraplate origin. The supra-subduction assemblages of Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic ages are of limited extent.
We propose to recognize the Issedonian and Ulutau-Moyunkum groups of terranes, separated by early Paleozoic Z-shaped ophiolitic suture, based on their different tectono-magmatic evolution in the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. Distinctly different are the Mesoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic assemblages, with lithological variations at the beginning of the late Neoproterozoic and practically no differences at the end of the Neoproterozoic.
The Issedonian group of terranes could be part of a Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1100Ma) orogen between the Siberian, North China and Laurentian cratons. The pre-Mesoproterozoic crust of these terranes was completely reworked during the younger events. The Ulutau-Moyunkum group of terranes appear to be lithologically and geochronologically similar to the Tarim craton. Both the Issedonian and Ulutau-Moyunkum groups of terranes were metamorphosed during the Ulutau-Moyunkum event at 700±25Ma.
The breakup into currently mappable Precambrian terranes took place during end-Ediacaran to early Paleozoic times after opening of oceanic basins, whose relics are preserved in numerous Paleozoic ophiolitic sutures.
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•Meso- and Neoproterozoic rocks are of intra-plate and supra-subduction origin.•Precambrian terranes underwent different evolution in the Meso- and Neoproterozoic.•The Issedonian group of terranes correlates with Siberia, North China and Laurentia.•The Ulutau-Moyunkum group of terranes are similar to Tarim.•Early Precambrian rocks are of limited extent, with oldest material always xenogeneic.
This paper investigates clausal subordination in Kazakh and its functional and formal properties. Kazakh subordinate clauses manifest typical Turkic nominalization, where the dependent predicate and ...the first argument (if overtly expressed) differ from those of main clauses. Such differences can be seen in three grammatical aspects: syntax, semantics and prosody. Regarding the semantic-syntactic features, subordinate clauses are morphologically reduced and display various degrees of syntactic downgrading; they can display first argument co-reference and semantic integration with their superordinate clauses. Prosodically, subordinate clauses have either a separate intonation pattern or one that follows the intonation of main clauses. The aim of the paper is to describe the syntactic, semantic and prosodic features of subordinate clauses in Kazakh and to compare these peculiarities in a hierarchical order.
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