A comprehensive review of new data on geology and geochronology of Precambrian terranes in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt reveals new insights into its evolution. At the present surface, ...these terranes mostly consist of Meso- to Neoproterozoic sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic assemblages, with insignificant Paleoproterozoic rocks. Archean material is represented exclusively by detrital and xenocrystic zircons in younger strata. Meso- to Neoproterozoic felsic magmatic rocks were mostly sourced from Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic continental crust, indicating its reworking and potential wider presence at deeper crustal levels. Most Meso- to Neoproterozoic assemblages are of intraplate origin. The supra-subduction assemblages of Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic ages are of limited extent.
We propose to recognize the Issedonian and Ulutau-Moyunkum groups of terranes, separated by early Paleozoic Z-shaped ophiolitic suture, based on their different tectono-magmatic evolution in the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. Distinctly different are the Mesoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic assemblages, with lithological variations at the beginning of the late Neoproterozoic and practically no differences at the end of the Neoproterozoic.
The Issedonian group of terranes could be part of a Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1100Ma) orogen between the Siberian, North China and Laurentian cratons. The pre-Mesoproterozoic crust of these terranes was completely reworked during the younger events. The Ulutau-Moyunkum group of terranes appear to be lithologically and geochronologically similar to the Tarim craton. Both the Issedonian and Ulutau-Moyunkum groups of terranes were metamorphosed during the Ulutau-Moyunkum event at 700±25Ma.
The breakup into currently mappable Precambrian terranes took place during end-Ediacaran to early Paleozoic times after opening of oceanic basins, whose relics are preserved in numerous Paleozoic ophiolitic sutures.
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•Meso- and Neoproterozoic rocks are of intra-plate and supra-subduction origin.•Precambrian terranes underwent different evolution in the Meso- and Neoproterozoic.•The Issedonian group of terranes correlates with Siberia, North China and Laurentia.•The Ulutau-Moyunkum group of terranes are similar to Tarim.•Early Precambrian rocks are of limited extent, with oldest material always xenogeneic.
Kazakh, one of the modern Turkic dialects of the North-Western (Kipchak) group, is very rich in terms of vocabulary. Although the majority of the vocabulary consists of words which are Turkic origin, ...there are also words borrowed from different languages (such as Arabic, Persian, Mongolian, Russian). In this study, words that are among the kinship terms in Kazakh but mostly find their place in dialects will be evaluated. In short, we will focus on the words that correspond to the concept of maternal uncle in Kazakh. These words; taġa - taġay, tayeke, dayı, naġaşı. In the study, information will be given about how these words came into Kazakh, their usage areas, their appearance in dialects, the origin of the words, their forms in historical Turkic dialects and modern Turkic dialects. In addition to the words mentioned above, brief information will be given about other words that mean maternal uncle in Kazakh.
The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the Arabic and Cyrillic alphabets used for Kazakh by Nikolay Ivanovich Ilminskiy. The alphabets discussed in the study are extracted from three ...separate publications of Ilminskiy. The first of these publications is among the Scientific Notes published by Kazan University at regular intervals throughout the year, published in three parts in different numbers in 1860 and 1861, the first part of which contains short grammar notes, the other parts of which are a Kazakh-Russian dictionary. Study is that used Cyrillic-based alphabet for Kazakh, called Resources for Learning the Kyrgyz Kazakh Dialect. The second is the book Guide to Self-Teaching Russian for Kyrgyz, published in 1861, in which Arabic letters were used for Kazakh. The third is the epic called Er Targın, published in 1862, again using Arabic letters for Kazakh. Ilminskiy used twenty-nine letters for twenty-nine sounds and two sound groups in his work titled Resources for Learning the Kyrgyz Kazakh Dialect. In his book Guide to SelfLearning Russian for Kyrgyz Kazakhs, he used thirty-four letters for thirty-nine sounds and three sound groups. Er Targın used thirty-four letters for thirty-eight sounds and two sound groups in his book. Twenty letters of the Cyrillic-based alphabet used by Ilminskiy in his dictionary work and today's Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet are common, while six of the other nine letters are different forms of the same letter. Although Ilminskiy used Arabic letters for Kazakh in his Guide to Self-Learning Russian for Kyrgyz Kazakhs and Er Targın, the writing of the texts contains Kazakh dialect features, different from the written language common at that time
This paper investigates clausal subordination in Kazakh and its functional and formal properties. Kazakh subordinate clauses manifest typical Turkic nominalization, where the dependent predicate and ...the first argument (if overtly expressed) differ from those of main clauses. Such differences can be seen in three grammatical aspects: syntax, semantics and prosody. Regarding the semantic-syntactic features, subordinate clauses are morphologically reduced and display various degrees of syntactic downgrading; they can display first argument co-reference and semantic integration with their superordinate clauses. Prosodically, subordinate clauses have either a separate intonation pattern or one that follows the intonation of main clauses. The aim of the paper is to describe the syntactic, semantic and prosodic features of subordinate clauses in Kazakh and to compare these peculiarities in a hierarchical order.
Genre Varieties of Modern Kazakh Russian Story Bayanbayeva, Aigul A.; Demchenko, Alena S.; Barabash, Viktor V.
Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta družby narodov. Seriâ: Teoriâ âzyka, semiotika, semantika (Online),
10/2023, Volume:
14, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the two main genre varieties of the modern Russian Kazakh story. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: theoretical, ...historical-literary, system-typological approach, poetic-structural analysis of the work. In Russian Kazakh literature, realism and postmodernism are developing in parallel. The story of Nikolai Verevochkin “Singing in the transitions” is a realistic work. Its artistic world contains an image of a system of literary heroes based on determinism, the conditionality of the formation and development of a person’s character by various factors. Determinism contains the strong connection of the structural elements of the story. Verevochkin gradually reveals the characters of the heroes in various situations. The problematics of the story also has a traditional character for the literature of realism. The author demonstrates commitment to humanism, which is the ideological basis of realism. The article also analyzes the work of postmodernism - the story of Asel Omar “Alphabet”. The definition of “story-lexicon”, introduced by the author of the article, reflects the genre and generic features of this work. The story-lexicon Asel Omar consists of micro-novellas, which at the same time are dictionary entries. The peculiarity of these articles is that they are based on a certain storyline. The micronovelas are arranged in alphabetical order, which gave the author of this article reason to call them dictionary entries. Asel Omar’s lexicon story, in contrast to Nikolai Verevochkin’s story, is written in a freer plot form. The application of the essay principle allowed the author to create a reasoning story. The main thing for Assel Omar is to express her thoughts on various topics. The work of Nikolai Verevochkin is a narrative story. Thus, in modern Russian Kazakh prose, two main types of story are presented - realistic and postmodern story. Due to historical and cultural reasons, the realistic story prevails. The work of Asel Omar “Alphabet” is a unique example of a postmodern story-lexicon in modern Kazakh literature.
Recently the interaction of Kazakh and English has become a highly debatable issue in Kazakhstani linguistics. Language contacts tend to result in possible errors both in communication and perception ...of the linguistic worldview. The paper deals with the analysis of linguistic interference and the way it is represented in Kazakh terminology. Language corpus outcomes stand for the research instrument. #LancsBox 5.1.2 program builds and processes the corpus that involves 1,238 texts from the five Kazakhstani online newspaper platforms’ websites. The research provides the statistics on the number of texts, concordance lines, frequency, collocations, and analysis of the Kazakh terms that feature interference such as ğalamtor, indet, onlaіn, oflain. There are characteristics of the most frequently used terms and their overview in the major corpora of Kazakh and English. The study analyzes influence at phonetic, morphological, syntactical, lexical, and semantic levels in information space terms. Thus, our research presents a novel framework to study linguistic interference through contrastive analysis based on corpus processing outcomes at different language levels in a multilingual environment in Kazakhstan.
The article provides the reflection of Kazakh culture and mentality in the context of Positive psychotherapy. The author is a Kazakh woman who was born and grew up in a traditional Kazakh family, is ...also a Basic consultant in Positive psychotherapy, lived and studied offline in Turkey, Finland, South Korea and Russia. Positive psychotherapy is the method that is based on a transcultural view. It covers both eastern and western cultures. The mentality of Kazakh people, values, culture, and tradition are reflected in the article by using the Conflict model, the Balance model, primary and secondary capabilities, and a family treatment model of Positive psychotherapy. The key conflict for most Kazakh people is in being polite and not telling about their true feelings and thoughts. The concept that “talking a lot is bad” is widespread among Kazakhs. An example of a general conflict model of Kazakh people is presented in the article.
Introduction. Kazakhs are a Turkic people dominant in present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. The former also reside in adjacent territories of China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Turkey. Ancient ...written sources employed quite a number of ethnonyms — including the endonym қазақ (Qazaq) — to denote the ethnos. And the issue of etymology is still debatable. According to the main version, the word қазақ stands for a ‘free, unrestricted, independent person’. Goals. The paper seeks to examine spelling variants of the ethnonym in national languages of bordering countries — Mongolian, Chinese, and Russian. Results. The ethnonym has two spelling variants in Mongolian, namely: хасаг and казак. The former is the traditional spelling adopted by Mongols since ancient times. In Mongolian, the first syllable ка- (ka-) turns into ха- (kha-), which thus gave rise to the mentioned form. The second spelling variant was borrowed in the mid-to-late 20th century from Russian, and is a neologism. The Chinese hasake is as transformed as other ethnonyms, e.g., монгол (Mongol) — menggu, русский (Russian) — eluosi, ойрат (Oirat) — weilate, elute. Russians tended to call Kazakhs ‘Kirghiz-Kaisaks’, or ‘Kirghizes’ till the early 20th century. The latter ethnonym was replaced by қазақ (Qazaq), and further the spelling казах (Kazakh) was officially accepted.
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