Impact of NSLAB on Kazakh cheese flavor Li, Shan; Li, Yandie; Du, Zixuan ...
Food research international,
June 2021, 2021-06-00, 20210601, Volume:
144
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Display omitted
•The effects of NSLAB on Kazakh cheese ripening was studied.•Cheeses made using P. acidilactici, S. epidermidis, and L. rhamnosus were prepared.•NSLAB cheeses had different protein ...contents, free fatty acid contents, and pH.•NSLAB cheeses had different flavor compounds and odor profiles (volatile components).•NSLAB can be used as an adjunct starter to make Kazakh cheese.
Xinjiang is a multiethnic region of China. Traditionally, most ethnic minorities are known to produce and consume cheese. Nomadic people have been reported to use lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for decades to produce fermented dairy products as part of a balanced diet. Non-starter LAB (NSLAB) contribute to different degrees of ripening, depending on the cheese variety. In the present study, we screened three types of NSLAB with good proteolysis and autolytic abilities from traditional Kazakh cheese: Pediococcus acidilactici R3-5, Staphylococcus epidermidis R4-2, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R9-6. A control (no NSLAB) was also included, resulting in four distinct types of cheese samples. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the electronic nose system to identify volatile compounds and analyze the effect of NSLAB on cheese flavor at the ripening stage. The physicochemical indicators changed significantly during the ripening of Kazakh cheese. Compared with the control, the protein content, free fatty acid content, pH, flavor compounds, and odor profiles of the test cheeses were significantly different. The major chemical differences among cheeses were the synthesis of some key volatile components (ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, myristyl carbonate, capric acid, caprylic acid, nonanal, and benzyl alcohol). NSLAB can be used as an adjunct starter to make Kazakh cheese and the use of NSLAB affected the cheese flavor quality positively.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women in Kazakhstan. To date, little data are available on the spectrum of genetic variation in Kazakh women with BC. We aimed to identify ...population-specific genetic markers associated with the risk of developing early-onset BC and test their association with clinical and prognostic factors. The study included 224 Kazakh women diagnosed with BC (≤40 age). Entire coding regions (>1700 exons) and the flanking noncoding regions of 94 cancer-associated genes were sequenced from blood DNA using MiSeq platform. We identified 38 unique pathogenic variants (PVs) in 13 different cancer-predisposing genes among 57 patients (25.4%), of which 6 variants were novel. In total, 12 of the 38 distinct PVs were detected recurrently, including
BRCA1
c.5266dup, c.5278-2del, and c.2T>C, and
BRCA2
c.9409dup and c.9253del that may be founder in this population.
BRCA1
carriers were significantly more likely to develop triple-negative BC (OR = 6.61, 95% CI 2.44–17.91,
p
= 0.0002) and have family history of BC (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.14–8.76,
p
= 0.03) compared to non-carriers. This study allowed the identification of PVs specific to early-onset BC, which may be used as a foundation to develop regional expertise and diagnostic tools for early detection of BC in young Kazakh women.
There is reason to believe that among the poetic methods, the artistic activity of the symbol is great, if we talk about the importance of activity and significance of the art of the artistic word. ...Due to the syncretic nature of the word in fiction, its means of representation, the word-symbols are also syncretic to a certain extent. This paper explores the trends in the study of symbolism in foreign and domestic literary studies, the direction of its development, and it considers the artistic and aesthetic function of the symbol in the works of representatives of the first symbolist movement in Kazakh poetry M. Zhumabayev and B. Kuleyev as well. Moreover, the concepts used in Kazakh poetry that provide information about the symbols of the national worldview, the way of thinking, singing and life of nomads are analyzed in the paper in general. Through the analysis of the symbol, the poet's worldview, attitude to the inner feelings have been revealed, and attention is drawn to the fact that literary symbols are an artistic category. In general, when recognizing a symbol, the opinions of world thinkers are taken into consideration.
The study aims to establish the ideas of Kazakh Generation Z students about a modern person’s life success and determine their relationship with moral qualities. The authors utilize the methods of ...document analysis, survey, and data analysis. The study is conducted on 160 students in two different specialties, economics and the humanities. The results demonstrate that economics students are more likely to note qualities associated with socioeconomic status and the attitude to activity and work, while humanities students are more focused on the qualities of moral consciousness and the attitude to other people. The study also shows that some young Kazakh people deem immoral qualities important in achieving life success. Kazakh student youth believes that negative qualities prompt people to commit immoral actions and deeds, while more positive qualities, on the contrary, shield the individual from immoral actions. The authors conclude that the young Gen Z in Kazakhstan continues to adhere to traditional cultural values and considers them important in achieving success. However, traditional values are not static and may change depending on the professional and regional socialization environment of Gen Z youth.
Received: 10 April 2023 / Accepted: 15 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023
Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of cystatin S(CST4) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Kazakhs. Methods Totally 49 specimens from Kazakh ESCC ...patients who received surgical treatment were collected. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect CST4 expression in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Chi-square(χ2) test was used to analyze the relationshipbetween CST4 expression and the clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to estimate the correlation between CST4 expression and overall survival. Results CST4 mRNA expression in ESCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P＜0.05). CST4 protein expression in ESCC tissues (53.1%, 26/49) was higher than that in adjacent tissues (28.2%, 11/39) (χ2=5.506, P＜0.05). The expression of CST4 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05) and TNM stage (P＜0.01). Those with high CST4 expression had higher lymph node metastasis r
In recent years, Chinese clothing cultural heritage and knowledge genealogy along the Silk Road have become the research headline attracting public attention. In particular, Kazakh clothing in ...Northwestern China has become the focus of today's traditional national culture. Kazakh, located at the intersection of the Silk Road, has an important position. The traditional clothing made by various social factors reflects the style and identity integration throughout history in cultures along the Silk Road, taking women's clothing as an example. Kazakh women are good at crafts, which is reflected in their strong grit. They gradually changed their role and traditional values, which has guided their social role. At the same time, it also reflects the awakening of Kazakh women's feminist consciousness to a large extent, and complies with Confucianism, along with the mainstream value of “advanced gender culture” of the world's outstanding civilization achievements. This paper summarizes the form, color, and patterns of Kazakh women's clothing by analyzing the garment, headdress, and footwear in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum, Aksai Kazakh National Museum, and Capital Museum of China. Through the analysis, this paper further probes into the multicultural integration between Kazakh and the regions along the Silk Road and interprets the idea represented by the forms, colors, and patterns in the clothing to promote the inheritance and development of traditional and regional cultures together with ethnic features along the Silk Road.
Purpose. The study is aimed at exploring the ethnic content of values ұл / son and қыз / daughter in the Kazakh language and culture bearers’ linguistic consciousness and determining their place in ...the system of family and relative values in the Kazakh culture at the level of the state. The problem under study is especially relevant in the context of transformation of Kazakhstani society, heterogeneity of language situation and cultural diversity across regions. Methods. The study employed an ethnographic research design, which included a component analysis, an association experiment, and a ranking of values ұл / son and қыз / daughter by the representatives of the Kazakh nation. The study materials comprised linguistic data, obtained from dictionaries and encyclopedias of the Kazakh language, Kazakh paremias, and data of the association experiment. Semantic components of the values were defined and modelling of the association fields was conducted with further categorization of semantic gestalts. Results. The analysis of Kazakh dictionaries, encyclopedias and paremias revealed the importance of raising children based on good examples in Kazakh families. A son in Kazakh culture is considered great happiness, luck, and wealth, as he is the successor of his father and the heir of the family house in the future, whereas a daughter is raised in especially strict conditions, though treated as a guest, considered the prosperity in the family, pampered and valued for her beauty and girlish behaviour. The association experiment’s results were in line with the analysis of proverbs, showing the common and different components in the association fields and semantic zones of the values. The ranking of values ұл / son and қыз / daughter confirmed our hypothesis. Conclusions. Children are of utmost importance in the Kazakh culture, though the treatment and relation to a son and a daughter, as well as their place in the family differs because of their different roles and responsibilities.
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