The study of vandalism is a topical scientific problem. Except for the scientific interest, wide expansion of destructive activity towards the material environment of a modern city suggests study of ...legal regulation of vandalism. The goal of the article is to find the national specific character of legal representation and regulation of vandal activity of citizens from Russia and Brazil that has been chosen for a comparative analysis due to the high concentration of vandal damages in Brazilian cities. To achieve this goal, we carried out an analysis of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, The Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences and the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Brazil, Law 9.605, Law 12.408, Law 2.848 of the Federal Republic of Brazil, etc. The use of the comparative-legal method contributed to the identification of the qualification of vandalism signs as delinquent behavior. We conduct an analysis of the scientific literature describing the basics of understanding vandal behavior and its legal regulation. Also the statistical data of recent years on the law enforcement practice in relation to vandalism were analyzed. The cultural specificity of vandal activity in Russia and Brazil has distinct features in the legal regulation of this type of delinquent behavior. Brazilian experience in decriminalizing graffiti shows that this approach enables the reduction of the load on the judiciary system. In Russia and Brazil, they actively discuss the declaring of graffiti and illegal street art as a form of art that will result in the transformation of legal norms of regulation of the citizens’ vandal activity in a while. The scientific novelty lies in the comparison of norms of Russian and Brazilian legislation referred to vandalism to find out ways of its efficient prevention.
At any stage of the development of the state and society, there arises a need to identify the objective necessity for legal regulation of social relations. In addressing this issue, the legislator is ...confronted with two main challenges: on the one hand, they must avoid artificially expanding the scope of legal regulation, and on the other hand, unnecessarily narrowing it, since both may diminish the regulatory properties of law, thereby negatively affecting its effectiveness. Establishing the limits of legal regulation necessitates the use of various law-making technologies, which include socio-legal monitoring. The objective of this study is to delineate the essence of socio-legal monitoring as an independent law-making technology and a form of legal activity of the same name that enables setting the limits of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the research comprises the universal dialectical-materialistic method, as well as general scientific techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, comparison, and some others) and specific scientific methods (formal legal, comparative legal) of scientific knowledge. Socio-legal monitoring is a law-making technology aimed at analyzing and evaluating the content and form of law-making, interpretation, law enforcement activities, legal provisions, as well as public relations by collecting diverse information in order to enhance the efficiency of legal regulation. This law-making technology forms the basis for implementing the same type of legal activity. The social nature of legal monitoring is determined by the inclusion of social relations (the object of legal regulation) among the objects of monitoring, the analysis of which enables to identify the scope of legal regulation and consolidate it as the subject of legal regulation. In terms of identifying and establishing the limits of the scope of legal regulation, three significant types of socio-legal monitoring can be distinguished. The specifics of each type will determine the place and potential use of this technology, as well as its significance: monitoring of public relations, monitoring of interpretive practice and monitoring of law enforcement practice.
Gene editing, as an emerging biotechnology, has enormous potential for application but also brings various risks. Considering the current development status of gene editing technology, the criminal ...regulation of gene editing is based on the theory of risk criminal law. Ethical safety should be protected as a legal interest, and specific criminalization standards should be used to distinguish gene editing for therapeutic purposes, human embryo gene editing, and other types of gene editing behavior. In view of the many problems currently existing in gene editing legislation, at the legislative level, it is necessary to balance the expansion of legal provisions brought about by risk criminal law theory and the exoneration brought about by allowed risk theory, with administrative legal norms in place, and the criminal law should exercise restraint on emerging technologies; At the judicial level, by referring to the understanding of judicial interpretations of similar crimes, corrections can be made to the elements of criminal composition, serious circumstances, and deficiencies in unit crimes.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the legal regulation of ensuring national security in the conditions of martial law (threats, cooperation and directions for improvement). It has been ...established that ensuring national security of Ukraine includes a complex of national and international measures. It has been emphasized that financing is one of the important problems in the system of ensuring national security. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. Another problem of ensuring national security in wartime conditions consists in preventing and combating corruption. Corruption destroys development of the military-industrial complex, prevents introduction of innovative means of protection for military personnel, it disturbs development and testing of new weapons, new technologies, and hampers provision of military personnel with the necessary equipment, protection and weapons. It was concluded that only cooperation can solve the urgent strategic tasks of ensuring national security in difficult world conditions and new globalization challenges.
Los robots son creación de la ciencia ficción. Sin embargo, hoy en día son una realidad. Por ello, ha habido una serie de iniciativas para su regulación legal. El objetivo del presente artículo es ...determinar si las leyes de la robótica propuestas por Asimov pueden ser una alternativa factible para la regulación legal de los robots.
National security is an important condition for the functioning and development of individuals, societies, and the states, however, this security is threatened by war, and global military conflicts. ...This article aims to describe the national security threatened by the Russia-Ukraine war and all its effects from the context of legal regulation and Islamic law. This article is qualitative research with a historical and comparative approach. The study results concluded that Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukrainian territory, the formation of a new international military alliance, and the establishment of international cooperation to strengthen the security of the world community, were identified as innovative ways to develop international and global security. This is important to ensure national security in wartime conditions is maintained because security is a basic need that must be guaranteed in the context of national law, human rights, and Islamic law.
The issue of whistleblower protection has been gaining more attention in recent years, especially after the passing of Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of ...October 23, 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law. However, there is a fundamental question as to whether the regulations are sufficient to provide real protection for whistleblowers in organizations. In this regard, it seems crucial that the various actors (legislators, managers, employees) work together to create an appropriate social environment. In this context, it is worth considering the use of knowledge of human decision-making processes, with particular emphasis on the possibility of modifying choice architecture and influencing decisions without imposing specific solutions. Nudging can be used in the “foreground” of legal regulation, by adjusting the social environment in such a way that legal regulation can work effectively. The paper provides an introduction to the application of nudge theory in the context of legal protection of whistleblowers.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various sectors is crucial for economic development and social progress. Even though AI brings many advantages, it still entails numerous ...challenges and concerns regarding its use and the consequences of such use. First and foremost, this concerns a fundamental change in the labour market, all labour relations, and the rights of employees and employers. This study aims to examine the implications of AI adoption in labour practices and the adaptability of European countries’ legal systems to it. The study provides insights into effective approaches to regulating AI and protecting labour rights by analysing the experiences of Germany, Finland, and Poland. The findings indicate that Germany and Finland adopt proactive approaches to AI regulation, prioritising stakeholder engagement and balanced frameworks. Conversely, Poland’s emphasis on upskilling workers and Ukraine’s commitment to aligning with EU standards underscore the significance of addressing labour rights and economic competitiveness in the context of AI integration. The study highlights the significance of proactive legislation, stakeholder engagement, and skill development initiatives in addressing the challenges and maximising the benefits of AI in the labour sector.
Motives: This research paper analyzes the legislative process and the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) environmental law as one of the principal tools for achieving and maintaining global ...ecological safety.Aim: The study was undertaken to determine how the priorities of the EU’s foreign and internal policy are reflected in the legislative process in the area of environmental protection. The problems associated with law enforcement and the implementation of EU legislative acts in national legislation were also examined, and the current state and prospects for policy-making in the area of environmental protection were assessed. The paper considers environmental policy issues and legal regulations in Azerbaijan in the context of EU experiences. The research covers political and legal relations.Results: An analysis of the historical transformation of the EU’s environmental law from an institutional and constitutional perspective was combined with an analysis of the principal aspects and the main trends in the EU’s environmental governance and lawmaking. The EU’s contribution to the development of environmental legislation highlights its approach to the multi-layered dimension of environmental governance internally, in terms of the dynamic relationship between the EU and the Member States, as well as internationally. The EU’s policy and legal regulations in the area of environmental protection can serve as a reliable example for countries in which the environmental agenda has not yet received due attention. The above applies to both strategic planning, regulatory issues, and law enforcement practices.
The research aims to uncover the legal regulation of the status of internally displaced persons in Ukraine during the war. A positive step for realizing the rights and guarantees of forced migrants ...consists in introduction by the Government of Ukraine of the following areas of assistance: monetary assistance, promotion of their employment, introduction of compensation for the costs of paying for communal services for families who sheltered displaced persons free of charge. The specifics of the research subject, as well as its purpose and tasks determined the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition. It has been established that an extremely important role in exercising rights and guarantees of forced migrants belongs to such a public initiative as “Prykhystok” (“Shelter”). The problems of ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons by state authorities in Ukraine are systematized, including: uncertainty of competence and lack of consistency in the activities of state authorities regarding the provision of rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons in Ukraine; imperfect accounting of internally displaced persons and their needs; lack of a strategy for state financial provision of the needs of internally displaced persons.
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