Utilizando el modelo de gobierno dividido con información asimétrica de Milner (1997) se propuso analizar el debate parlamentario en el Senado Paraguayo sobre el tema del ingreso de Venezuela al ...Mercosur, durante el gobierno de Fernando Lugo (2008-2012). El objetivo de este trabajo fue dilucidar como las dinámicas parlamentarias influyeron en la política exterior y como estas dinámicas reproducen un orden político establecido a partir de un sistema socioeconómico desigual y patrimonialista. Este trabajo es un estudio preliminar sobre los condicionantes domésticos de la política exterior latinoamericana.
A condução e gestão de organizações estatais ocorrem em um ambiente gerencial e político. O que é estratégico nas organizações de mercado é político-estratégico na esfera pública. Portanto, a ...estrutura das organizações públicas e sua forma de governo refletem condições legais, políticas, sociais e culturais que definem sua forma de gestão. A mesma afirmação é possível replicar para a organização e realização dos processos de integração como o MERCOSUL, enquanto foi necessária a definição do seu estatuto jurídico internacional, o estabelecimento de regras -normas- de desempenho predeterminadas e a criação de estruturas institucionais ou organizacionais responsáveis pela execução das diretrizes estabelecidas pelos Estados que compõem o bloco. A partir desta perspectiva e tendo como parâmetro as teorias aplicáveis à gestão da administração pública, é analisado o MERCOSUL e sua estrutura organizacional, principalmente o Tribunal Permanente de Revisão, a fim de compreender a sua metodologia de operação. Além disso, tentamos explicar em que medida seu andaime permite uma gestão e governança institucional mais eficaz e eficiente.
La conducción y gerencia de las organizaciones del estado se desarrollan en un ambiente gerencial y político. Lo que es estratégico en las organizaciones del mercado es político-estratégico en lo público. Por lo tanto, la estructura de las organizaciones públicas y su forma de gobierno reflejan condiciones jurídicas, políticas, sociales y culturales que delimitan su forma de gestión. La misma afirmación es replicable a la organización y conducción de procesos de integración como el MERCOSUR, en tanto requirió de la definición de su estatus jurídico internacional, el establecimiento de reglas –normas– de actuación predeterminadas y la creación de estructuras institucionales u organizativas encargadas de aplicar las directrices establecidas por los Estados que conforman el bloque. Desde esta perspectiva y tomando como parámetro las teorías aplicables a la gestión de las organizaciones públicas, se analiza el MERCOSUR y su estructura orgánica, principalmente el Tribunal Permanente de Revisión, con el objeto de comprender la metodología de su funcionamiento. Además, se intenta explicar en qué medida ese andamiaje permite un manejo institucional o gobernanza eficaz y eficiente.
This article aims to discuss the role of science, technology and innovation (STI) in the region developing the case study of the vaccine production in Argentina and Brazil in the context of Latin ...American biotech. The article will present data on the asymmetry in STI in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and comparing the region with the greatest contemporary technological powers, the United States and China. It analyzes the technological dependency in the framework of the covid-19 pandemic in the region and develops the cases of Argentina and Brazil regarding the production of vaccines. Finally, it proposes the need to advance with the implementation of a regulatory agency for medicines of Mercosur looking for sanitary sovereignty to facilitate the production of medicines, supplies and vaccines in the region.
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a participacao da sociedade civil, por meio da identificacao dos grupos de interesse argentinos, nos processos de integracao regional, com destaque para a ...utilizacao e aplicacao dos recursos originados do Fundo de Convergencia Estrutural do Mercosul (FOCEM) e da Iniciativa para a Infraestrutura da Regiao Sul-americana (IIRSA), como uma vertente ancorada na Uniao das Nacoes Sul-americanas (UNASUL). A metodologia buscou, ainda, por meio do metodo comparativo entre os mecanismos de reducao de assimetrias regionais, delimitar as diferencas nos projetos de infraestrutura aprovados nos anos de 2012 e 2013, considerando as preferencias dos grupos argentinos. Conclui--se sobre o distanciamento entre as preferencias dos atores sociais estudados e o potencial dos modelos de integracao correntes. Enquanto a IIRSA reforca o subde-senvolvimento latino-americano, o FOCEM e capaz de reduzir assimetrias regionais, mas nao possui recursos suficientes para promover uma efetiva convergencia infraestrutural regional.//This paper aims to analyze civil society participation through the identification of Argentinian interest groups in processes of regional integration, with emphasis on the use and destination of resources from Mercosur Structural Convergence Fund (FOCEM) and the Initiative for Infrastructure of the South American Region (IIRSA) later connected to the Union of South American Nations (UNASUL). The methodology sought, through a comparative method between the mechanisms of reduction of regional asymmetries, to define differences in infrastructure projects approved during 2012 and 2013, considering the existence of preferences assumed by certain Argentinian groups. This article concludes that there is a distance between the preferences of the social actors studied and the current regional integration model possibilities. While IIRSA reinforces Latin American underdevelopment; FOCEM is able to reduce regional asymmetries, but has no sufficient resources to promote an effective regional infrastructure convergence. web URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pi d=S1808-24322016000300776&lng=en&nrm=iso
Extensive use of containerized cargo has caused technological changes in the maritime industry and consequently port transformations. To face these new challenges, port reform processes were ...designed, coming to Latin America in the 90s. The main objectives were the modernization of ports and the promotion of competition and efficiency. However, there still seems to be potential for improving port efficiency. To assess the potential of this margin, this article analyses the evolution of the efficiency of the main container terminals in Latin America and the Caribbean, and determinants of inefficiency. One question this paper seeks to answer is whether increases in efficiency resulting from port modernization subsequent to reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean have been maintained over time. In addition, and in order to contribute to the definition of economic policies, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the factors that are currently influencing container ports inefficiency – specifically inter-port and intra-port competition. The estimation of a Stochastic Production Frontier shows an average level of technical efficiency of 83% in the 2000–2010 period, and a technological change of 5%. These results show that port efficiency has evolved positively, although affected by the economic crisis. Our findings also indicate that container terminals located in Mercosur countries, and ports with three or four container terminals, are the most efficient, and that transhipment ports are less efficient than other type of ports. According to our findings, LAC decision-makers should consider promoting inter-port competition and strengthening intra-port competition.
This article examines the influence of subnational economic interests on the formation of supranational trade policy in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur). Accounting for differences in the ...relative importance of member countries, the article argues that subnational economic interests influenced the structure of Mercosur’s common external tariff (CET). Although the CET was negotiated without direct input from voters or legislators, its structure reflects the interests of geographically specific economic interests in the member countries. The results of a regression analysis of tariffs toward nonmembers indicate that the economic composition of subnational political jurisdictions shaped the structure of the CET. These findings suggest that by overlooking subnational economic interests, much of the current literature on the evolution of Mercosur misses a critical aspect of the policymaking process.
Se presenta un informe sobre las actividades desarrolladas durante la reunión de docentes de Escuelas de Bibliotecología y Ciencia dela Información del MERCOSUR llevada a cabo en Minas Gerais, ...Brasil, en septiembre de 2016. = A short report is presented about the activities developed during the Library and Information Science Schools Teachers of MERCOSUR meeting that took place in Minas Gerais, Brazil, during September, 2016.
Considering the monetary approach, this article analyzes the feasibility of creating a new currency in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) as an option to recover the dynamism observed in the ...previous decade. The hypothesis suggests that the creation of a new currency is desirable if it is possible to increase the growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) and to reduce price volatility. Empirical evidence suggests that the alternative of creating and implementing a new currency in the bloc is desirable and highly feasible due to the positive correlations observed among their countries' business cycles and domestic currency depreciation rates, as along with the possibility of creating a central bank responsible for the common monetary policy with low inflationary bias.
This article explores the drivers of regional stock market integration with a focus on the agribusiness sector across relevant regional trade blocs around the world. We implement panel cointegration ...models to analyze the stock indices of agribusiness firms in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), European Union (EU), Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Based on the literature on market integration and stock return pricing, we identify nine possible determinants of stock market integration, which we separate into three categories: individual market performance, macroeconomic conditions, and agricultural trade. In our analysis, we account for agriculture‐specific factors to control for possible structural shifts in financial markets regimes by including the two main commodity price bubbles during last 20 years. Our results show that most of the variables included in our categories have been important factors in promoting regional stock market integration. Moreover, integration among regional stock markets was strengthened by the implementation of trade agreements. This effect is stronger in trade blocs with fewer members, such as NAFTA and MERCOSUR, compared with larger and more heterogeneous blocs, such as the EU and APEC.
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