This study estimated Indonesian households' Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) using Alkire-Foster's multidimensional poverty concept to capture the incidence, intensity, decomposition, and ...changes over time. The study used monetary and non-monetary variables to identify the availability, accessibility, affordability, consumption, and deprivation of modern energy services; and compared existing affordability indicators. Redundancy, robustness, and sensitivity tests were conducted with three weighting schemes and deprivation cut-offs. The study decomposed and determined household-head (HH) socio-economic, demographic, and geographic factors for MEP using the Logit, Probit, Tobit, and Heckman Selection models. The results show that the low-income and high cost (LIHC) was the most robust affordability indicator, followed by the ten percent rule (TPR). The complement-frequency weighting scheme gave the smallest and most robust MEPI compared to equal and principal component analysis (PCA) weighting. Three alternative deprivation cut-offs can show households as “vulnerable,” “moderately,” or “severely” energy poor. The MEP incidence decreased, but its intensity remained high and increased. Energy-poor households were averagely deprived of 55–60 % of all weighted indicators. The lack of modern cooking services was the primary cause. MEPI differed by geographical location and HH gender, education, business field, and employment status. Policies that boost education levels, raise household income, and increase the availability, accessibility, and affordability of modern cooking technology in the rural, hinterland, or non-coastal forested locations in the eastern islands of Indonesia may minimize the number of households experiencing MEP.
•This study supports and advances the 2030 SDG-1 agenda with a multidimensional approach related explicitly to SDG-7.1.•Furthermore, the study analyses multidimensional energy poverty decomposition and determinants according to households' socio-economic, demographic, and geographic aspects.•The incidence of multidimensional energy poverty between 2014 and 2018 decreased, but the intensity remained high.•The study shows a striking diversity of multidimensional energy poverty by geographic location of residence as well as by gender, education level, business field, and employment status of the ‘head of household.'.•Policies that increase household income and education levels, which boost the availability, accessibility, and affordability of clean and modern cooking fuels in rural, hinterland, non-coastal, forested locations in eastern islands of Indonesia or in ‘disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost areas’, may minimize the number of households experiencing MEP.
GDP, monetary variables, corruption, and uncertainty are crucial to energy policy decisions in today’s interrelated world. The global energy crisis, aggravated by rising energy prices, has sparked a ...thorough analysis of its causes. We demonstrate the significance of categorizing research by influence channels while focusing on their implications for energy policy decisions. We investigate the growing number of studies that use GDP, inflation, central banks’ characteristics, corruption, and uncertainty as critical factors in determining energy policies. Energy prices fluctuate because energy policies shift the supply–demand equilibrium. We categorise the effects and show that GDP, economic policy uncertainty, and, most notably, specific economic conditions and extreme events play a significant role in determining energy prices. We observed that energy consumption, GDP growth, and energy prices have a bidirectional, causal relationship. Still, the literature has not established which causative direction is the most significant. Taxes, interest rates, and corruption also significantly determine energy prices, although the origins of corruption have not been adequately examined. Lastly, uncertainty generally increases energy costs, but this relationship requires additional research in terms of the features of countries, conditions, and, most importantly, the theoretical backgrounds used.
Ovim radom ispituje se utjecaj odabranih monetarnih i fiskalnih varijabli na trgovinsku otvorenost gospodarstva Hrvatske. Otvorenost gospodarstva u teoriji se smatra jednim od faktora gospodarskog ...rasta. S obzirom na to da su monetarna i fiskalna politika ključne sastavnice ekonomske politike, u radu se istražuje utjecaj monetarnih i fiskalnih varijabli na razinu otvorenosti gospodarstva. Monetarne varijable uključuju novčanu masu, tečaj i inflaciju, dok fiskalne varijable uključuju udio proračunskih prihoda i rashoda u BDP-u te kamate na trezorske zapise ministarstva financija. Trgovinska otvorenost kao endogena varijabla definirana je udjelom zbroja izvoza i uvoza u BDP-u kao ukupna otvorenost, te udjela izvoza i uvoza pojedinačno u BDP-u kao izvozna i uvozna otvorenost. U tri modela višestruke linearne regresijske analize pokazalo se kako u određivanju smjera i veličine otvorenosti dominiraju signifikantne fiskalne varijable za razliku od monetarnih. Jedna monetarna varijabla signifikantna je samo u slučaju uvozne otvorenosti. U radu je kao sekundarni cilj provedena i analiza utjecaja trgovinske otvorenosti na gospodarski rast preko BDP-a per capita koja se pokazala nesignifikantnom za gospodarski rast Hrvatske.
The paper aims to assess the resilience of fintechs to epidemic crises in Africa. This study is new in that it is one of the few to have examined the impact of fintechs on monetary stability in the ...African region, and it shows how digital tools have become crucial for regions to better manage their response to the crisis. To do so, we use the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique to investigate the complexity of the relationship between Fintechs and monetary stability during the years 2011, 2014 and 2017. The study confirms that debit card use leads to an increase in inflation and participates in the decline of the interest rate. We also find that the use of the internet during transactions plays a stimulating role in lowering inflation, encouraging currency transactions and reinforcing the increase in interest rates. Finally, we conclude that the stability of money in bank accounts decreases the effect of inflationary pressures but favors exchange rates and interest rates together as a result of the increase in money.
This paper investigates dynamic dependence between the American Stock Market (S&P 500) and the World Share Market (MSCIW) and examines whether key monetary variables (short and long-term interest ...rates, interest rate spreads, and exchange rate) explain changes in this relation, during the period January 2000 - June 2016. The methodology includes a Dynamic Copula approach and a Multilayer Perceptron Network. Results suggest that there is interdependence between the American and global stock market and that the dynamic dependence is mainly explained by the short-term interest rate spread, 3-month T-bill's rate and 3-month London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR rate.
Parasal değişkenler ve çıktı arasındaki dinamik ilişki makroekonomide en çok çalışılan konulardan biridir. Türkiye Ekonomisine ilişkin olarak yapılan çalışmaların önemli bir kısmının çıkmazı bu ...çalışmaların birçoğu Granger Nedensellik Testi ve Etki-Tepki fonksiyonu analizi gibi tam örneklem tahmin yöntemlerinin sonuçlarının, göz önünde bulundurduğu örneklem dönemine göre duyarlı görünmesidir. Bu zorluğun üstesinden gelmenin bir yolu olarak, bu çalışmada, Türkiye Ekonomisi için parasal değişkenler ile çıktı değişkeni arasındaki dinamik ilişkiyi vektör otoregresif bir modele dayanan Tarihsel Ayrışma yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 1987-2019 dönemi için M1, M2 ve iskonto oranı ile çıktı arasındaki ilişki VAR modeli ile incelenmiş olup enflasyon değişkeninin gecikmeleri bu oluşturulan VAR modeline dışsal değişken olarak eklenmiştir. Tarihsel Ayrıştırma yönteminin avantajlarından faydalanarak değişkenler arasındaki zamanla değişen şoklar uygulanarak daha doğru sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen temel sonuç ise çalışmada kullanılan parasal değişkenlerin 1994 ve 2001 Krizlerinde gelir değişkenini negatif olarak güçlü bir şekilde açıkladığı, diğer dönemlerde çoğunlukla güçlü olmamakla beraber pozitif etkilediği şeklindedir.
Affecting Factors on House Price Index Ahmad Jafari Samimi; Zahra (Mila) Elmi; Arash Hadizade
Faṣlnāmah-ʼi pizhūhishʹhā-yi iqtiṣādī-i Īrān,
09/2007, Volume:
9, Issue:
32
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of some macroeconomic variables on house price index. We apply a macroeconomic model with micro foundations that uses household income, stock ...price index, building service price index, housing completions, supply of money, and inflation to explain the changes in house price index. We use the ARDL and the ECM model with the seasonal data for the period 1995-2006 to estimate the speed of convergence to equilibrium. Our findings indicate that the macroeconomic variables can explain the changes in the house price index in Iran, and the sign of estimated coefficients confirm the hypothesis.
Monetary policy is one of the economic policy "tools" through which it acts on the currency demand and supply in the economy. The importance of monetary policy results from its primary objective - ...price stability, plus limiting inflation and maintaining internal and external value of the currency. Responsibility for achieving these objectives rests with the Central Bank, which has a monopoly in the formulation and the implementation of monetary policy targets. Price stability is the primary objective of monetary policy and also the central objective of economic policy, alongside with: sustainable economic growth, full employment of labor force, balance of external payments equilibrium. To achieve these overall objectives of economic policy, monetary policy acts through currency as an instrument of action and it represents the overall action exercised by the monetary authority to influence economic development and to ensure price stability. In economic processes numerous factors emerge to the sale or purchase of capital available for a shorter or longer period and to achieving their aspirations of maximize capital gains, they are negotiating, they are confronting and agreeing within specific market relationships. The entirety of relations between various economic issues, enterprises and individuals, between them and the banking intermediaries, as well as the relationship between banks and other credit institutions on the transfer of cash money as specific form of debt and fructification of capital, form capital markets or credit markets. These markets are carved up according to the nature and purposes of the participants.
In this paper we study how the migration movements powers the inequalities in the human capital acquisition among more and less developed regions. To that end, we consider that migration is a ...familiar decision derived from maximising the familiar utility function. The main hypothesis infers that welfare depends, on one hand, on monetary variables such as the salary of the household head or being part of social programs (milk glass or breakfast), and on the other hand, on variables related to those services that improve the health status and educational level of the children. This study is realized for Peru using the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS), 2000.
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