Memory Schwartz, Bennett L
2020., 2020-07-08
eBook
As author Bennett Schwartz says in Memory: Foundations and Applications, it is hard to imagine an aspect of psychology more fundamental than memory. This unique text covers key memory models, ...theories, and experiments, but goes a step further to demonstrate how students can apply these concepts to their everyday lives and improve their own ability to learn and remember. A new, three-pronged organization opens the text with an overview of the psychological science of Memory, builds expertise in advanced topics, and then allows the reader to think about how memory research can benefit society. Neuroscience research is integrated throughout each chapter to demonstrate our understanding of where memory processes occur and how researchers use data to shape memory theories. Additional updates to the the Fourth Edition include a chapter on memory science's relevance to the legal system, a chapter on memory issues in psychiatric disorders, a reorganized chapter on memory development, and an enlarged section on prospective memory now combined with the chapter on metamemory.
A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns
thoughts into actions-and how this shapes our everyday
lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time?
How do you resist eating that extra ...piece of cake? Why does staring
at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly
fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making
a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around
them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do
we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In
On Task , cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the
first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive
control-the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated
actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of
our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive
function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact
on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical
case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on
the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines
issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad
decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in
childhood and change as we age-and what happens when cognitive
control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control
affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how
billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into
concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening
investigation into the brain's critical role in human behavior.
In Consciousness We Trust is a synthesis of Hakwan Lau's 20-year research programme exploring the neuroscience of consciousness. Discussing studies from his own laboratory Lau uses various ...neuroscience techniques to address challenging philosophical questions about the nature of our subjective experience.
Recent neuroscience, in replacing the old model of the brain as a single centralized source of control, has emphasized ?plasticity,? the quality by which our brains develop and change throughout the ...course of our lives. Our brains exist as historical products, developing in interaction with themselves and with their surroundings.Hence there is a thin line between the organization of the nervous system and the political and social organization that both conditions and is conditioned by human experience. Looking carefully at contemporary neuroscience, it is hard not to notice that the new way of talking about the brain mirrors the management discourse of the neo-liberal capitalist world in which we now live, with its talk of decentralization, networks, and flexibility. Consciously or unconsciously, science cannot but echo the world in which it takes place.In the neo-liberal world, ?plasticity? can be equated with ?flexibility??a term that has become a buzzword in economics and management theory. The plastic brain would thus represent just another style of power, which, although less centralized, is still a means of control. In this book, Catherine Malabou develops a second, more radical meaning for plasticity. Not only does plasticity allow our brains to adapt to existing circumstances, it opens a margin of freedom to intervene, to change those very circumstances. Such an understanding opens up a newly transformative aspect of the neurosciences.In insisting on this proximity between the neurosciences and the social sciences, Malabou applies to the brain Marx?s well-known phrase about history: people make their own brains, but they do not know it. This book is a summons to such knowledge.
A comprehensive neurocognitive theory of dreaming based on the theories, methodologies, and findings of cognitive neuroscience and the psychological sciences. G. William Domhoff's neurocognitive ...theory of dreaming is the only theory of dreaming that makes full use of the new neuroimaging findings on all forms of spontaneous thought and shows how well they explain the results of rigorous quantitative studies of dream content. Domhoff identifies five separate issues—neural substrates, cognitive processes, the psychological meaning of dream content, evolutionarily adaptive functions, and historically invented cultural uses—and then explores how they are intertwined. He also discusses the degree to which there is symbolism in dreams, the development of dreaming in children, and the relative frequency of emotions in the dreams of children and adults. During dreaming, the neural substrates that support waking sensory input, task-oriented thinking, and movement are relatively deactivated. Domhoff presents the conditions that have to be fulfilled before dreaming can occur spontaneously. He describes the specific cognitive processes supported by the neural substrate of dreaming and then looks at dream reports of research participants. The “why” of dreaming, he says, may be the most counterintuitive outcome of empirical dream research. Though the question is usually framed in terms of adaptation, there is no positive evidence for an adaptive theory of dreaming. Research by anthropologists, historians, and comparative religion scholars, however, suggests that dreaming has psychological and cultural uses, with the most important of these found in religious ceremonies and healing practices. Finally, he offers suggestions for how future dream studies might take advantage of new technologies, including smart phones.
This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the ...reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.
Although based on independent neuroscience principles and research, this unique book is designed to be a readable and scientifically sound clinical guidebook. Written with the busy clinician in mind, ...this professional resource uses accessible, easy-to-understand language to walk readers through the complexities of neuroscience and provide workable strategies for application.The beginning chapters break down important concepts, such as neuroplasticity, environmental stressors, and connectomics, to create a base of understanding. The middle chapters delve into recent investigations of factors that potentially affect typical brain development, as well as disrupt connectomics. The final chapters provide neuroscience considerations for intervention, including the "What, How, and When" of therapy and other important considerations for individualizing and maximizing outcomes.
The Unconscious Weinberger, Joel; Stoycheva, Valentina
2019, 2019-10-14, 2019-09-30
eBook
Weaving together state-of-the-art research, theory, and clinical insights, this book provides a new understanding of the unconscious and its centrality in human functioning. The authors review ...heuristics, implicit memory, implicit learning, attribution theory, implicit motivation, automaticity, affective versus cognitive salience, embodied cognition, and clinical theories of unconscious functioning. They integrate this work with cognitive neuroscience views of the mind to create an empirically supported model of the unconscious. Arguing that widely used psychotherapies--including both psychodynamic and cognitive approaches--have not kept pace with current science, the book identifies promising directions for clinical practice.
Neuroscience and Philosophy Brigard, Felipe De; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter
The MIT Press eBooks,
2021, 2022, 2022-02-01
eBook
Open access
Philosophers and neuroscientists address central issues in both fields, including morality, action, mental illness, consciousness, perception, and memory. Philosophers and neuroscientists grapple ...with the same profound questions involving consciousness, perception, behavior, and moral judgment, but only recently have the two disciplines begun to work together. This volume offers fourteen original chapters that address these issues, each written by a team that includes at least one philosopher and one neuroscientist, who integrate disciplinary perspectives and reflect the latest research in both fields. Topics include morality, empathy, agency, the self, mental illness, neuroprediction, optogenetics, pain, vision, consciousness, memory, concepts, mind wandering, and the neural basis of psychological categories. The chapters first address basic issues about our social and moral lives: how we decide to act and ought to act toward each other, how we understand each other's mental states and selves, and how we deal with pressing social problems regarding crime and mental or brain health. The following chapters consider basic issues about our mental lives: how we classify and recall what we experience, how we see and feel objects in the world, how we ponder plans and alternatives, and how our brains make us conscious and create specific mental states. Contributors Sara Abdulla, Eyal Aharoni, Corey H. Allen, Sara Aronowitz, Jenny Blumenthal-Barby, Ned Block, Allison J. Brager, Antonio Cataldo, Tony Cheng, Felipe De Brigard, Rachel N. Denison, Jim A. C. Everett, Gidon Felsen, Julia Haas, Hyemin Han, Zac Irving, Kristina Krasich, Enoch Lambert, Cristina Leon, Anna Leshinskaya, Jordan L. Livingston, Brian Maniscalco, Joshua May, Joseph McCaffrey, Jorge Morales, Samuel Murray, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Laura Niemi, Brian Odegaard, Hannah Read, Robyn Repko Waller, Sarah Robins, Jason Samaha, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Joshua August Skorburg, Shannon Spaulding, Arjen Stolk, Rita Svetlova, Natalia Washington, Clifford Workman, Jessey Wright
