Launching breakthrough and incremental new products is vital to firm performance; it also resonates with both ego (i.e., directly connected partners) and global (i.e., interconnected ties in an ...industry) network perspectives. Prior research has listed several ego network– and global network–level factors that affect innovations, but this study goes a step further, to reveal the interactions of these factors as critical product launch mechanisms. An analysis of alliance networks in the consumer packaged goods industry from 1990 to 2010 shows that a central position in a global network represents a double-edged sword: it improves a firm's incremental new product launches but harms its breakthrough new product launches. Furthermore, a firm's ego network (manifested as density and diversity) and R&D capability enable it to leverage its global network position by enhancing the benefits for incremental new products and mitigating its hazards for breakthrough new products. This study's findings thus offer new insights into the role of ego and global networks in facilitating or hindering new product launches.
In this research, the authors examine how consumers perceive the fruits of university–industry collaborations (i.e., new products codeveloped with universities). Eight studies document a positive ...university effect and highlight its practical significance and boundary conditions. An Instagram A/B test utilizing a video that refers (vs. does not refer) to the underlying university–industry collaboration results in higher click-through rates and ad engagement levels. Another field study demonstrates that university-codeveloped products are more attractive to consumers, even after an actual product trial. Further, several consequential studies reveal that consumers are willing to pay up to 65% more for products marketed as codeveloped with a university. The authors argue and show that collaborating with a university infuses the underlying firm with a stronger sense of scientific legitimacy, thereby making the resulting product more attractive to consumers. Congruously, the authors find that the effect is more pronounced when the scientific legitimacy engendered by universities is more important to the focal product (i.e., high tech vs. low tech), underlying company (i.e., new vs. established), or target customer (i.e., high vs. low belief in science).
TOUGHENING ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION, NATIONAL AND SUPRA-national environmental product policies and growing customer demands are focusing the attention of companies on the environmental and broader ...social issues linked to the creation and delivery of their products and services. There is now an urgent need for appropriate management structures, practical tools and increased awareness among all stakeholders in the product development process and throughout the entire product life-cycle.
Creative ads are applied widely in new product marketing. The present research explores the impact of creative ads (divergent vs. relevant ads) on purchase intention for really new products and ...incrementally new products. A series of studies concludes that (1) divergent ads are more effective for promoting incrementally new products, (2) relevant ads are more effective for promoting really new products, (3) self-referencing mediates the joint effect of creative ads and product newness on purchase intention, and (4) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between self-referencing and purchase intention for new products. Theoretically, the authors argue that a moderate amount of self-referencing is particularly desirable—that is, there is a “Goldilocks region” that produces an optimal level of persuasion. They provide guidance to creative ad managers to help them reach the “Goldilocks region” when advertising new products.
This book will guide both engineering professionals as well as graduate level students in mechanical and industrial engineering and general manufacturing management in how to develop a holistic, ...integrated team approach to product development. Written by leading academic authorities, who also have extensive industrial experience, this instructional reference work can be used in the traditional classroom, in professional continuing education courses or for self-study. First text/reference to cover product development from initial product concept and engineering design to design specs, manufacturability and product marketing. The book reviews the precepts of product design in a step-by-step structured process. It helps the reader to understand the connection between initial design and interim and final design, including design review and materials selection. The book offers insight into roles played by product functionality, ease-of-assembly, maintenance and durability, and their interaction with cost estimation and manufacturability.
Combining antimicrobial agents such as plant essential oils directly into a food packaging is a form of active packaging. In this work chitosan-based films containing cinnamon essential oil (CEO) at ...level of 0.4%, .0.8%, and 1.5% and 2%
(v/v) were prepared to examine their antibacterial, physical and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to explain structure–property relationships. Incorporating CEO into chitosan-based films increased antimicrobial activity. CEO decreased moisture content, solubility in water, water vapour permeability and elongation at break of chitosan films. It is postulated that the unique properties of the CEO added films could suggest the cross-linking effect of CEO components within the chitosan matrix. Electron microscopy images confirmed the results obtained in this study.
We have comprehensively investigated the structure-stability relationship of natural polyphenols in DMEM medium without cells. Polyphenols with catechol or pyrogallol structure were evidently ...instable in DMEM medium without cells. Herein, we further investigate stability of polyphenols when incubated with cancer cells and its related mechanism. After incubated with SK-28 cells and A549 cells at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 72 h, the new products of quercetin and 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone were found to quite different from different cells. It is time to investigate what really happened for polyphenols and the new products of polyphenols in cancer cells, as well as the related mechanism. It is very important to further check the bioactivity of these new products, which will avoid erroneous conclusions for what's the really bioactive compounds.
Time has proved so far that all steps taken by Romvac SA in veterinary medicine and as new in the human medicine, were highly inspired, the result of actions initiated at the right time and the right ...place. This is why Romvac Company will continue in force, research aimed to obtain new medicinal products, bio-feed additives, phytotherapeutic substances, and also organic products for agriculture and animal husbandry.
Based on MOD09GA/MYD09GA surface reflectance data, a new MODIS snow-cover-extent (SCE) product from 2000 to 2020 over China has been
produced by the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ...Resources
(NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The NIEER MODIS SCE product contains
two preliminary clear-sky SCE datasets – Terra-MODIS and Aqua-MODIS SCE
datasets and a final daily cloud-gap-filled (CGF) SCE dataset. The first two datasets are generated mainly through optimizing snow-cover discriminating rules over land-cover types, and the latter dataset is produced after a series of gap-filling
processes such as aggregating the two preliminary datasets, reducing cloud
gaps with adjacent information in space and time, and eliminating all gaps
with auxiliary data. The validation against 362 China Meteorological
Administration (CMA) stations shows that during snow seasons the overall
accuracy (OA) values of the three datasets are larger than 93 %, all of the omission error (OE) values are constrained within 9 %, and all of the commission error (CE) values are constrained within 10 %. Bias values of 0.98, 1.02, and 1.03 demonstrate on a whole that there is no significant overestimation nor a significant underestimation. Based on the same ground reference data, we found that the new product accuracies are obviously higher than standard MODIS snow products, especially for Aqua-MODIS and CGF SCE. For example, compared with the CE of 23.78 % that the MYD10A1 product shows, the CE of the new Aqua-MODIS SCE dataset is 6.78 %; the OA of the new CGF SCE dataset is up to 93.15 % versus 89.54 % of MOD10A1F product and 84.36 % of MYD10A1F product. Besides, as expected, snow discrimination in forest areas is also improved significantly. An isolated validation at four forest CMA stations demonstrates that the OA has increased by 3–10 percentage points, the OE has dropped by 1–8 percentage points, and the CE has dropped by 4–21 percentage points. Therefore, our product has virtually provided more reliable snow knowledge over China; thereby, it can better serve for hydrological, climatic, environmental, and other related studies there.
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