Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is mainly distributed in Shanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan province of China. It is also found in Korea and Japan. Its dried roots and rhizomes are used as medicinal ...herbs and have been used to treat hyperglycemia and various inflammatory disorders.
This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of the developments in the studies involving the extraction and purification, structure analysis, pharmacological effects, and potential applications of polysaccharides obtained from Polygonum cuspidatum. Additionally, the possible future research directions of this plant are discussed.
This article used “Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharide (PCP)” and “Polygonum cuspidatum” as the keywords and gathered relevant data on Polygonum cuspidatum using electronic databases (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb.
Excluding irrelevant and repetitive documents, 278 documents were finally included, of which 88 were in Chinese and 190 were in English. The CiteSpace software was used to visualize the trends and keywords in this research field. We concluded that the main extraction methods for Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharide are water extraction and alcohol precipitation, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microjet extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography and column chromatography are also commonly used in the separation and purification of PCP. PCP has antitumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant effects. This paper provides an updated and deeper understanding of PCP, serving as a theoretical foundation for the further optimization of polysaccharide structures and the development of PCP as a novel functional material for clinical application.
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Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonum cuspidatum) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Polygonaceae family that produces biofunctional stilbenes and quinones. The dried rhizome and root of ...P. cuspidatum in traditional oriental medicine have been used for ameliorating inflammatory illnesses, diabetes, gout, cancer, and other ailments.
This work aimed to investigate the protective effects of P. cuspidatum extracts (PCE) on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and its underlying mechanism.
The potential mechanisms by which PCE improved SA-AKI were preliminarily predicted by network pharmacology. The dry powders of PCE were obtained using the freeze-drying method. A mouse model of SA-AKI was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The protective effects of PCE on SA-AKI in vivo were studied using pathological and biochemical methods. LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells were prepared for in vitro evaluation. The qPCR and immunoblotting assays were performed to confirm the mechanism involved.
The network pharmacology results indicate that emodin (Emo) and polydatin (PD) are potential active components of P. cuspidatum ameliorating SA-AKI. The experimental results showed that PCE improved renal function indices (creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urinary protein) in SA-AKI mice. Mechanistically, PCE mitigated oxidative stress, regulated the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, and repressed the production of inflammatory cytokines by inactivating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in vivo. Similar results were observed in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells in the presence of Emo or PD.
Our results demonstrated that PCE and active ingredients (Emo and PD) in PCE ameliorated SA-AKI by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis.
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•Oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis contribute to sepsis-related acute kidney injury (SA-AKI).•Polygonum cuspidatum extract can improve SA-AKI.•Polygonum cuspidatum extract alleviates SA-AKI by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and pyroptosis.
•Ionic liquids were efficient in extracting resveratrol from P. Cuspidatum.•C4mim+Br− has proven to be more effective in increasing resveratrol yield from P. Cuspidatum than conventional organic ...solvents.•Extraction of resveratrol from P. Cuspidatum was modeled using RSM and ANN-GA.•ANN-GA provided both higher precision and yield in resveratrol extraction from P. Cuspidatum via UEAE than RSM.
This work offered a productive technique for resveratrol extraction from Polygonum Cuspidatum (P. Cuspidatum) using ionic liquids in synergy with ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE). Firstly, ionic liquids with different carbon chains and anions were evaluated. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of seven crucial parameters on the resveratrol yield: pH value, enzyme concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, concentration of ionic liquid (IL concentration) and the liquid–solid ratio. Employing the Plackett-Burman Design (PBD), the critical factors were effectively identified. Building upon this foundation, the process was further optimized through the application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA). The following criteria were determined to be the ideal extraction conditions: an enzyme concentration of 2.18%, extraction temperature of 58 °C, a liquid–solid ratio of 29 mL/g, pH value of 5.5, extraction time of 30 min, ultrasonic power of 250 W, and extraction solvent of 0.5 mol/L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. Under these conditions, the resveratrol yield was determined to be 2.90 ± 0.15 mg/g. Comparative analysis revealed that the ANN-GA model provided a better fit to the experimental data of resveratrol yield than the RSM model, suggesting superior predictive capabilities of the ANN-GA approach. The introduction of a novel green solvent system in this experiment not only simplifies the extraction process but also enhances safety and feasibility. This research paves the way for innovative approaches to extracting resveratrol from botanical sources, showcasing its significant potential for a wide range of applications.
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exists in Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts and berries, as well as their manufactured products, especially ...red wine. Resveratrol is a pharmacologically active compound that interacts with multiple targets in a variety of cardiovascular disease models to exert protective effects or induce a reduction in cardiovascular risks parameters. This review attempts to primarily serve to summarize the current research findings regarding the putative cardioprotective effects of resveratrol and the molecular pathways underlying these effects. One intent is to hopefully provide a relatively comprehensive resource for clues that may prompt ideas for additional mechanistic studies which might further elucidate and strengthen the role of the stilbene family of compounds in cardiovascular disease and cardioprotection. Model systems that incorporate a significant functional association with tissues outside of the cardiovascular system proper, such as adipose (cell culture, obesity models) and pancreatic (diabetes) tissues, were reviewed, and the molecular pathways and/or targets related to these models and influenced by resveratrol are discussed. Because the body of work encompassing the stilbenes and other phytochemicals in the context of longevity and the ability to presumably mitigate a plethora of afflictions is replete with conflicting information and controversy, especially so with respect to the human response, we tried to remain as neutral as possible in compiling and presenting the more current data with minimal commentary, permitting the reader free reign to extract the knowledge most helpful to their own investigations.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus, is several human lymphoid malignancies-associated. Our earlier study found the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum root on promoting EBV-positive apoptosis. ...Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the Polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate subfraction containing emodin on EBV gene expression and anti-EBV tumor cells. Resultantly, the the Polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate subfraction containing emodin (F3a) promoted Raji cell death (50% cytotoxic concentration, CC50: 12.08 μg/mL); the 12.5 μg/mL F3a effect transcribed BRLF1 and BNLF1 and increased latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which may reduce the intracellular phospho-ERK and phospho-IκBα. Meanwhile, the Raji cells increased the intracellular reactive-oxygen species (ROS), activated the apoptosis-related proteins, cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, and increased the apoptosis percentage. Therefore, the Polygonum cuspidatum ethyl acetate subfraction containing emodin could be a therapeutic drug for EBV-related tumors.
Cancer poses a significant global health challenge, contributing to substantial mortality rates and driving the urgent need for exploration into bioactive compounds with potent anticancer properties. ...Polydatin (PD), a stilbenoid compound abundant in various fruits and vegetables, has emerged as a promising candidate in cancer research. Renowned in traditional Chinese medicine for its multifaceted biological activities encompassing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunostimulatory effects, PD stands out as a versatile therapeutic agent. This review paper meticulously compiles the diverse anticancer attributes of polydatin across a spectrum of cancer types, elucidating its impact on pivotal cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, modulation of the tumour microenvironment, autophagy, and more. Furthermore, the review intricately explores the intricate pathways influenced by polydatin within cancer cells, unveiling its mechanisms of action and identifying potential therapeutic targets. By providing a comprehensive analysis of how polydatin affects various facets of cancer progression and addresses treatment resistance, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of its pivotal role in cancer therapy. Moreover, the synergistic potential of polydatin in combination with other drugs is investigated to underscore its amplified efficacy in combating cancer through innovative mechanism-based strategies. The synthesis of these insights underscores polydatin's significance as a valuable component in the advancement of novel approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.
This review aims to comprehensively compile and analyze the diverse anticancer attributes of polydatin (PD) across various cancer types, elucidating its impact on pivotal cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, and modulation of the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, it explores the intricate pathways influenced by polydatin within cancer cells, unveiling its mechanisms of action and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the review investigates polydatin's potential synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs, while also examining its therapeutic and preventive effects against various cancers.
A systematic review of scientific literature, comprising research articles, clinical trials, and reviews, was conducted to analyze polydatin's anticancer properties. Reputable databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched, and selected studies were critically evaluated to extract essential insights into polydatin's mechanisms of action and its interactions with other anticancer drugs, utilizing keywords targeting specific cancer types such as colorectal, oral, breast, and cervical cancer.
The review and additional online research on polydatin reveal that it exhibits multifaceted biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Across various cancer types, polydatin demonstrates promising properties, impacting key cancer hallmarks such as proliferation and metastasis. These findings underscore polydatin's diverse therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment, by targeting crucial pathways involved in cancer progression and offering insights into its mechanisms of action.
Polydatin shows potential as a valuable component in cancer therapy, addressing various facets of cancer progression and treatment resistance.
Synergistic potential with other drugs suggests amplified efficacy in combating cancer through innovative mechanism-based strategies.
The review underscores the significance of polydatin in the advancement of novel approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.
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The aim of this study was to improve the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of resveratrol (RES-SD) Solid Dispersion in
extract (PCE) by hot melt extrusion (HME). In addition, the role of the ...auxiliary substances in PCE was also studied. The solid dispersion of
extract was prepared by hot-melt extrusion. The optimum formula was selected by single factor design and orthogonal test. The optimum formula was barrel temperature 140 °C, screw rotation speed 40 rpm/min, and the ratio of
extract to HPMCAS was 1:2. The dissolution test showed that PCE-SD increased the dissolution of RES from 46.75 ± 0.47% to 130.06 ± 0.12%. The pharmacokinetics curve of rats showed that PCE-SD increased AUC0-t of RES from 111,471.22 ± 11.4% to 160,458.968 ± 15.7%, indicating an approximately 1.44-fold increase in absorption. In addition, the rotation speed of PCE-SD screw is less than that of RES-SD screw. The bioavailability of PCE-SD was slightly better than that of RES-SD. PCE-SD is more hygroscopic than RES-SD. PCE-SD increased the solubility and oral bioavailability of RES. The auxiliary substances in Polygonum cuspidatum extract have influence on its preparation technology, stability, and bioavailability.
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