The effects of hydrogen (H2) addition on the freely-propagating acetylene-oxygen (C2H2–O2) flames in a doubly-infinite domain are investigated, considering separate and coupled chemical and transport ...phenomena. Results show that increasing proportions of H2 enhance the laminar flame speeds of C2H2–O2 mixtures. Moreover, H2 promotes the C2H2–O2 flame to contain both light (H, H2) and heavy (C2H2) species. Compared with the Soret diffusion and radiation effect, the unity Lewis number assumption can induce substantial inaccuracies. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the key elementary reaction H + O2O + OH exerts stronger influences on the laminar flame speed. Additionally, due to the effective enthalpy of C2H2 being greater than H2, adding H2 decreases both adiabatic flame temperature and enthalpy of C2H2–O2 flames. Notably, reactions C2H2 + OH + HCCO and C2H + H2H + C2H2 in the C2H2 sub-mechanism are identified as important exothermic- and endothermic-reactions respectively. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that dilution effects from CO2 have a larger impact compared to those from H2O and Ar. Finally, the effects of initial pressure and temperature on the laminar flame speeds are also discussed. The results of the present work provide guidance for the effective use of binary fuel and risk control as well as fire suppression.
•The effects of hydrogen additions on acetylene-oxygen flames are numerically studied.•Different flame diffusion models are characterized.•Chemical and thermal structures are revealed separately.•The effects of different dilution gases and initial conditions are considered.
This study proposes the comprehensive implementation of civic and moral education programs and the impact of promoting sustainable democracy. This study uses qualitative research with a ...phenomenological approach. The subjects in this study focused on educators, high school students, and young people who were strategically selected through purposive sampling. Primary data sources were obtained through interviews, while secondary data sources were literature studies related to curriculum and school policies. The data collection technique uses in-depth interviews with a semi-structured format through open questions. The data obtained was translated and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that comprehensive civic and moral education programs contribute to promoting democratic values and attitudes among youth. Instilling democratic values to increase youth participation and awareness in Cambodia requires steps including teacher training, curriculum changes, interactive learning, open political workings, and involving the community. Teaching better civic and moral education can help in maintaining democracy and the involvement of young people.
The utilization of a cost-free sacrificial agent is a novel approach to significantly enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production by water splitting. Wastewater contains various ...organic pollutants, which have the potential to be used as hole sacrificial agents to promote H2 production. Our studies on different pollutants reveals that not all pollutants can effectively promote H2 production. However, when using the same pollutants, not all photocatalysts achieved a higher H2 evolution rate than pure water. Only when the primary oxidizing active species of the photocatalyst are •OH radicals, which are generated by photogenerated holes, and when the pollutants are easily attacked and degraded by •OH radicals, can the production of H2 be effectively promoted. It is noteworthy that the porous brookite TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits a significantly higher H2 evolution rate in Reactive Red X-3B and Congo Red, reaching as high as 26.46 mmol⋅g−1⋅h−1 and 32.85 mmol⋅g−1 ⋅h−1, respectively, which is 2–3 times greater than that observed in pure water and is 10 times greater than most reported studies. The great significance of this work lies in the potential for efficient H2 production through the utilization of wastewater.
Fund as part of resources acts as a great pillar towards implementing sports activities in school. The aim of this study was to determine the role of secondary school administrators in appropriating ...fund for sports. The research was informed by a multiple embedded case study of a qualitative research approach. The findings revealed that school administrators play a crucial role to secure funds with the use of different strategies of getting funds to ensure the execution of sports activities; appropriated funds are from the capitation grants from the government, school self-reliance projects, personal contributions from head of schools and management team, contributions from sponsors and non-governmental institutions as well as support from the community members. The study implies that school administrators should ensure appropriate deployment of the received money from the government, sponsors, and other sports stakeholders as well as having effective mechanism of purchasing fund and make evaluation on the uses of fund received. Additionally, school administrators should be more creative on organizing different sports events, preparing different forums, and request fund support for sports activities.
With the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant antibacterial infections worldwide, developing new antibiotics to fight bacterial infections is urgent. The natural product curcumin has favorable ...antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but poor water solubility greatly limits its bioavailability, bioactivity and clinical application. Herein, to improve the bioactivity and enhance broad-spectrum antibacterial of curcumin, we synthesized quaternized carbon quantum dots (Q-CQDs) derived from the natural curcumin and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTA) with highly solubility and stability by "double-thermal" method. It is proposed that the surfaces of Q-CQDs would still remain the active groups of curcumin and quaternary ammonium to boost the antibacterial activity. Experimental results reveal that the Q-CQDs possess excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the activity is significantly higher than that of natural curcumin. Investigation of the antibacterial mechanism of Q-CQDs showed that Q-CQDs functionalized with -N
(CH
)
had strong adherence behavior on the bacterial cell membrane. Like a "Trojan Horse", the bacterial cells lost their integrity, and the entry of Q-CQDs caused ROS generation and the efflux of cytoplasmic DNA and RNA, leading to the death of bacteria. The bacterial resistance of Q-CQDs was not observed, and Q-CQDs did not cause hemolysis and cytotoxicity. In vivo, the S. aureus-infected wounds, E. coli-infected wounds and mixed bacteria infected wounds healing tests with mice model indicate that Q-CQDs inhibited the bacterial population at the wound site, reduced inflammation and promoted wound healing. These results suggested that the Q-CQDs are a potential antibacterial candidate for clinical infected-wound healing applications and even bacteria resistant infections.
Digital health has undergone an astounding transformation since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all fields of medicine have adopted digital technologies to deliver patient care. Rapid ...advances in artificial intelligence, Big Data, augmented reality, Internet of Medical Things, connected devices, robotics, and algorithms will revolutionize digital health in almost all fields of medicine in the future. With the widespread use of smartphones, downloadable or internet-based applications (apps) will play a major role in the diagnosis of diseases, and monitoring and management of patients. However, the implementation of digital health is not without challenges and concerns. These include security and privacy of patient data, lack of a universal legal and regulatory framework, accountability, data ownership, and health inequity, among others. Despite these challenges and concerns, it is undeniable that digital health has revolutionized patient care and will continue to do so. The chapters of this open access book are examples of such revolution, challenges, and concerns. A multidisciplinary team of clinicians and researchers provide a balanced discussion of the benefits and challenges of digital health in ophthalmology, oncology, chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, transfusion medicine, stroke, opioid crisis, and the care of elderly. Also, there are chapters addressing the concerns of health inequity, and the risks and security of patient-generated data. This is a timely open access book not only for clinicians, but also for everyone who is interested in transformation of health care to digital health care.
Artificial regulation of plant rhizosphere microbial communities through the synthesis of microbial communities is one of the effective ways to improve plant stress resistance. However, the process ...of synthesizing stress resistant microbial communities with excellent performance is complex, time-consuming, and costly. To address this issue, we proposed a novel strategy for preparing functional microbial communities. We isolated a cultivable cold tolerant bacterial community (PRCBC) from the rhizosphere of peas, and studied its effectiveness in assisting rice to resist stress. The results indicate that PRCBC can not only improve the ability of rice to resist cold stress, but also promote the increase of rice yield after cold stress relieved. This is partly because PRCBC increases the nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil, and promotes rice's absorption of nitrogen elements, thereby promoting rice growth and enhancing its ability to resist osmotic stress. More importantly, the application of PRCBC drives the succession of rice rhizosphere microbial communities, and promotes the succession of rice rhizosphere microbial communities towards stress resistance. Surprisingly, PRCBC drives the succession of rice rhizosphere microbial communities towards a composition similar to PRCBC. This provides a feasible novel method for artificially and directionally driving microbial succession. In summary, we not only proposed a novel and efficient strategy for preparing stress resistant microbial communities to promote plant stress resistance, but also unexpectedly discovered a possible directionally driving method for soil microbial community succession.
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•A novel strategy for promoting plant cold tolerance was presented.•A novel method to prepare functional microbial community was proposed.•The mechanism of the microbial community promoting plant cold tolerance•A possibility for directionally regulating plant rhizosphere microbial community•The core functional bacteria affecting plant cold tolerance were revealed.
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