How do we make sense of the colonial subject that is neither in revolt nor in open crisis? How do people reproduce their lives, fashion routines, etch out some meaning when the political is ...evacuated, when time is on hold? These questions loom over a contemporary disjuncture in Palestine, marked in part by the splintering and opening up of the field of subjective bonds, attachments and associations to new modalities of production, less circumscribed by previous normative parameters and engendering a host of complexities and ambivalences in politico‐social relationalities. Yet most scholarship on Palestine remains caught up in reductive binaries of violence versus resistance and heavily reliant on rigid and aggregated categories, the bulk of it unable to capture entire assemblages of action, subjective dissonance, productive ambiguities and contingent vitalities that inflect so much of contemporary quotidian life. The refugee in particular has emerged as a destabilizing figure, capable of subversively using the spatio‐temporality of the camp as the very resource through which to disturb ascribed categorizations. Reading the paradoxical multiplicity of actions that refugees — women, children and the elderly — perform in the space between Qalandia camp and its checkpoint provides an insight into some of what defines contemporary refugee subjectivities — flexibility, a readiness to take risks, an ability to maneuver through different temporal orders and instrumentalize the spatial fragmentation. These subjects, traversing and negotiating liminality in everyday life, point to lived and bodied affirmations of presence and visibility that cannot be understood through frameworks of recognition and rights.
Résumé
Quelle lecture donner du sujet d'une colonie qui n'est ni en révolte ni en crise ouverte? Comment les gens font‐ils pour reproduire leur vie, fabriquer des routines, détacher une signification une fois le politique évacué et le temps en suspens? Ces questions planent sur une rupture contemporaine de la Palestine, marquée en partie par la scission et les débuts d'un domaine consacré aux associations, attachements et liens subjectifs avec de nouvelles modalités de production, celles‐ci étant moins contraintes par les anciens paramètres normatifs, mais suscitant une masse de complexités et d'ambivalences dans les dimensions relationnelles politico‐sociales. Pourtant, la plupart des recherches sur la Palestine restent prisonnières d'une bipolarité réductrice violence‐résistance, tout en dépendant énormément de catégories rigides et globales, lesquelles sont généralement incapables de capter les ensembles complets d'action, de dissonance subjective, d'ambiguïtés productives et de vitalités aléatoires qui modulent tant la vie quotidienne contemporaine. Le réfugié est apparu notamment comme un personnage déstabilisant, capable d'utiliser de façon subversive la spatio‐temporalité du camp comme la ressource clé susceptible de désorganiser les catégories attribuées. Déchiffrer la multitude paradoxale d'actions que les réfugiés (femmes, enfants et personnes âgées) réalisent dans l'espace situé entre le camp de Qalandia et son checkpoint éclaire en partie ce qui définit les subjectivités contemporaines d'un réfugié : flexibilité, disposition à prendre des risques, aptitude à manœuvrer au milieu de plusieurs ordres temporels et capacitéà instrumentaliser la fragmentation spatiale. En transcendant et résolvant la liminalité dans leur quotidien, ces sujets apportent des affirmations vécues et incarnées d'une présence et d'une visibilité qu'on ne peut appréhender par les cadres analytiques de la reconnaissance et des droits.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine led to a major humanitarian crisis resulting in many Ukrainians seeking refugee status in European countries. Unlike the positive attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees, ...Afghan refugees who were also required to leave their country following the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan, received a negative reaction from the same European countries. Examining similar crises, a year apart, where people fled perilous situations in their countries, reveals contrasting reactions that emphasize the need to understand factors driving diverse public attitudes. Integrated Threat Theory (ITT), which posits that perceived threats can lead to prejudice and negative attitudes, may elucidate mechanisms behind opposing reactions towards Ukrainian and Afghan refugees. This study explores whether symbolic threats, intergroup anxiety, fear of terrorism, and political orientation are differentially related to attitudes towards Afghan and Ukrainian refugees in 250 European participants. Results demonstrate that participants hold more positive attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees compared to Afghan refugees. All the aforementioned factors predicted attitudes towards Afghan refugees, but only symbolic threats predicted attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees. Ethnicity and religiosity explain the relationship between symbolic threats and attitudes towards Afghan refugees. Western European participants show a stronger link between terrorism fear and negative views on Afghan refugees than Eastern Europeans, possibly due to higher terrorism rates in the West. Thus, attitudes towards refugees are intricate, but the study emphasizes the role of ITT, terrorism fear, politics, ethnicity, religiosity, and region. The findings could refine policies, stressing the need to address these factors for fostering inclusive, empathetic European societies.
Most mental health services for trauma‐exposed children and adolescents were not originally developed for refugees. Information is needed to help clinicians design services to address the ...consequences of trauma in refugee populations. We compared trauma exposure, psychological distress, and mental health service utilization among children and adolescents of refugee‐origin, immigrant‐origin, and U.S.‐origin referred for assessment and treatment by U.S. providers in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). We used propensity score matching to compare trauma profiles, mental health needs, and service use across three groups. Our sample comprised refugee‐origin youth (n = 60, 48.3% female, mean age = 13.07 years) and propensity‐matched samples of immigrant‐origin youth (n = 143, 60.8% female, mean age = 13.26 years), and U.S.‐origin youth (n = 140, 56.1% female, mean age = 12.11 years). On average, there were significantly more types of trauma exposure among refugee youth than either U.S.‐origin youth (p < .001) or immigrant youth (p ≤ .001). Compared with U.S.‐origin youth, refugee youth had higher rates of community violence exposure, dissociative symptoms, traumatic grief, somatization, and phobic disorder. In contrast, the refugee group had comparably lower rates of substance abuse and oppositional defiant disorder (ps ranging from .030 to < .001).This clinic‐referred sample of refugee‐origin youth presented with distinct patterns of trauma exposure, distress symptoms, and service needs that merit consideration in services planning.
Resumen
Spanish s by the Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET)
La mayoría de los servicios mentales para niños y adolescentes expuestos a trauma no fueron originalmente desarrollados para refugiados. Se necesita información para ayudar a los clínicos a diseñar servicios que aborden las consecuencias del trauma en poblaciones de refugiados. Comparamos la exposición al trauma, la angustia psicológica y la utilización de servicios mentales entre niños y adolescentes de grupos refugiados, inmigrantes y de origen americano para la evaluación y tratamiento por los proveedores americanos en la Red Nacional de Estrés Traumático infantil (RNETI). Usamos la puntuación de pares de propensión para comparar los perfiles de trauma, necesidades de salud mental y uso de servicios en los tres grupos. La muestra comprendió jóvenes refugiados (n = 60, 48,3% femenino, edad promedio = 13.7 años) ymuestras de pares de propensión de jóvenes inmigrantes (n = 143, 60,8%, femenino, edad promedio = 13.26 años) y jóvenes de origen americano (n = 140 56,1%, femenino, edad promedio = 12.11 años). En promedio, hubo significativamente más tipos de exposición a traumas entre los jóvenes refugiados que en los jóvenes de origen americano (p<.001) o jóvenes inmigrantes (p<.001). Comparados con los jóvenes de origen americano, los jóvenes refugiados tuvieron mayores tasas de exposición a violencia comunitaria, síntomas disociativos, duelo traumático, somatización y trastorno fóbico. En contraste, el grupo de refugiados tuvo en comparación tasas más bajas de abuso de sustancias y trastorno oposicionista desafiante (ps que van desde .030 a < .001). Esta muestra clínica referida de jóvenes refugiados presentados con patrones distintivos de exposición a trauma, síntomas de angustia y necesidades de servicio, merecen una consideración en la planificación de los servicios.
摘要
Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by AsianSTSS
Traditional Chinese
標題: 透過難民、移民及美國藉的兒童臨床樣本, 比較創傷經歷、心理需要和
心理治療服務使用模式
撮要: 大部分現有為受創兒童及青少年提供的心理治療服務都不是專為難民而設。臨床治療師需要更多數據為難民設計治療, 治理創傷對他們的影響。本研究樣本為獲美國醫療單位轉介去國家兒童創傷壓力網絡(NCTSN), 接受評估和治療的兒童及青少年。我們比較難民、移民及美國藉的兒童及青少年的創傷經歷、心理悲痛和心理治療服務的使用模式。我們利用傾向評分匹配法, 比較三組樣本的創傷剖象、心理需要和治療服務使用。樣本包括難民青少年 (n = 60, 48.3% 女性, 平均年齡 = 13.07 歲), 及採用了傾向評分匹配法的青少年移民樣本 (n = 143, 60.8% 女性, 平均年齡 = 13.26 歲), 及美國藉青少年樣本 (n = 140, 56.1% 女性, 平均年齡 = 12.11 歲)。平均來說, 相比美國藉青少年(p < .001)和青少年移民(p < .001), 難民青少年顯著地反映更多種創傷經歷。與美國藉青少年相比, 難民青少年有較高水平的社群暴力經歷、離解症狀、創傷後悲傷、軀體化和恐懼症, 但有較低水平的濫用藥物狀況和對抗性蔑視失常 (ps 值域為 .030 至 < .001)。本研究的難民青少年樣本展現明顯的創傷經歷、悲痛症狀和心理治療服務需要的模式, 醫療單位日後設計治療時值得考慮這些數據。
Simplified Chinese
标题: 透过难民、移民及美国藉的儿童临床样本, 比较创伤经历、心理需要和心理治疗服务使用模式
撮要: 大部分现有为受创儿童及青少年提供的心理治疗服务都不是专为难民而设。临床治疗师需要更多数据为难民设计治疗, 治理创伤对他们的影响。本研究样本为获美国医疗单位转介去国家儿童创伤压力网络(NCTSN), 接受评估和治疗的儿童及青少年。我们比较难民、移民及美国藉的儿童及青少年的创伤经历、心理悲痛和心理治疗服务的使用模式。我们利用倾向评分匹配法, 比较三组样本的创伤剖象、心理需要和治疗服务使用。样本包括难民青少年 (n = 60, 48.3% 女性, 平均年龄 = 13.07 岁), 及采用了倾向评分匹配法的青少年移民样本 (n = 143, 60.8% 女性, 平均年龄 = 13.26 岁), 及美国藉青少年样本 (n = 140, 56.1% 女性, 平均年龄 = 12.11 岁)。平均来说, 相比美国藉青少年(p < .001)和青少年移民(p < .001), 难民青少年显著地反映更多种创伤经历。与美国藉青少年相比, 难民青少年有较高水平的社群暴力经历、离解症状、创伤后悲伤、躯体化和恐惧症, 但有较低水平的滥用药物状况和对抗性蔑视失常 (ps 值域为 .030 至 < .001)。本研究的难民青少年样本展现明显的创伤经历、悲痛症状和心理治疗服务需要的模式, 医疗单位日后设计治疗时值得考虑这些数据。
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides health, education, and housing services to Palestinian refugees in Lebanon (PRL), and food ...assistance and welfare support to the most vulnerable refugees. Palestinian refugees recently displaced from Syria (PRS) to Lebanon have placed additional pressures on health and education services, and employment rights of Palestinians remain limited. The objective of this study was to provide an updated profile of the socioeconomic and health status of PRL and PRS after their influx into Lebanon.
This nationally representative, multistage, cluster randomised survey of PRL and PRS households was done in April, 2015. Modules on socioeconomic, demographic, health, and food security variables were included. The poverty lines were US$6·84 per person per day for PRL households and $2·47 per person per day for PRS households. Food insecurity was assessed using the Arab Family Food Security Scale. Health conditions were reported for all household members by a household proxy. We used STATA version 13.0 to construct multivariate models to investigate independent predictors of poverty, food insecurity, and chronic disease. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the American University of Beirut.
2974 (88%) of the 3382 eligible PRL and 1050 (89%) of 1171 eligible PRS households gave informed consent and completed the questionnaire. 65% of PRL and 89% of PRS lived under the poverty line, whereas 3% of PRL and 9% of PRS were extremely poor. 62% of PRL and 95% of PRS were food insecure. Household size, unemployment, and low educational attainment of the head of household were associated with both poverty and food insecurity in PRL and PRS households. The prevalence of chronic illness was high in PRL and PRS households, with chronic disease in PRL households reported for 40% of people aged 19–59 years and for 88% of elderly adults (aged >60 years), and chronic disease in PRS households reported for 41% of people aged 19–59 years and for 86% of elderly adults. Chronic illness was independently associated with education and employment, household size, food insecurity, and area of residence.
Palestinian refugees in Lebanon and those recently displaced from Syria to Lebanon are susceptible to poverty, food insecurity, and chronic illnesses, which vary with similar sociodemographic markers (mainly employment and education). Advocacy is needed to increase employment rights and ensure continued access to education and health services for Palestinians living in Lebanon, particularly with pressures on services resulting from the Syrian crisis.
UNWRA.
Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk (IRWiR PAN) we współpracy z Fundacją Badań Wiejsko-Miejskich RURall oraz Fundacją Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Wsi Polskiej ogłosił konkurs na ...wspomnienia, dzienniki i pamiętniki pod nazwą: „Moja społeczność lokalna wobec uchodźców”.
The war in Ukraine has generated an increase in the number of refugees. As one of the top recipients of refugees, Germany has introduced policies to ease the integration of Ukrainians. The current ...study explores mental health outcomes and their association with quality of life among a sample of Ukrainian refugees in Germany. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of Ukrainian refugees in Germany (n = 304) using standardised instruments. A t-test was used to check for possible significant differences based on gender. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse potential associations between general health (GHQ-12) and depressive symptoms and anxiety (PHQ-4), and quality of life (EUROHIS-QOL 8 item). Female participants reported significantly higher psychological distress, depressive symptoms and anxiety. The significant model (p < .001) for the males accounts for 33.6% of the variance in quality of life. General psychological distress (β = - .240) and depressive symptoms and anxiety (β = - .411) are associated with decreased quality of life. For the female sample (p < .001), the model explains 35.7% of the variance in quality of life. General psychological distress (β = - .402) and depressive symptoms and anxiety (β = - .261) are associated with decreased quality of life. The current study provides the first knowledge on the prevalence of mental health problems and their associations with quality of life among Ukrainian refugees. The findings further identify the vulnerability of women refugees to poorer mental health outcomes. The results also confirm that traumatic experiences in the context of war explain a considerable bulk of mental health problems.
How we label, categorize and, in turn, differentiate between those on the move, for example those who cross the Mediterranean on unseaworthy boats, has enormous implications on the kind of legal and ...moral obligations receiving states and societies feel towards them. This is perhaps even more salient nowadays in the context of the process of reform of the global governance of migration initiated with the 2016 New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants.
The informal refugee camp in Calais, dubbed the 'new Jungle', reached an approximate population of ten thousand people in 2016. The settlement, despite these high numbers, did not receive aid from ...the French government or international aid agencies. As a response to the lack of institutional support, and given the squalid conditions of the camp, hundreds of volunteers and grassroots organisations took on the burden of delivering humanitarian aid and basic services in the Jungle. This grassroots humanitarian aid, which I call 'volunteer humanitarianism', has particular characteristics that will be explored. The article argues that volunteer humanitarianism can be interpreted as a symbol against the violent border practices across Europe and, because of its informality, provides an alternative to formal humanitarian aid. The article also shows that volunteer humanitarianism formed a connection between humanitarianism and activism that stands in tension with neoliberal governmentality. As the Jungle was demolished in October 2016, this article is a contribution to the history of the camp as well as a testimony of the volunteers' work there.
Through a series of empirically and theoretically informed reflections, Opening Up the University offers insights into the process of setting up and running programs that cater to displaced students. ...Including contributions from educators, administrators, practitioners, and students, this expansive collected volume aims to inspire and question those who are considering creating their own interventions, speaking to policy makers and university administrators on specific points relating to the access and success of refugees in higher education, and suggests concrete avenues for further action within existing academic structures.
Lebanon currently hosts around one million Syrian refugees. There has been an increasing interest in integrating eHealth and mHealth technologies into the provision of primary health care to refugees ...and Lebanese citizens.
We aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the potential for technology integration in primary health care provision in the context of the protracted Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon.
A total of 17 face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with key informants (n=8) and health care providers (n=9) involved in the provision of health care to the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon. Interviews were audio recorded and directly translated and transcribed from Arabic to English. Thematic analysis was conducted.
Study participants indicated that varying resources, primarily time and the availability of technologies at primary health care centers, were the main challenges for integrating technologies for the provision of health care services for refugees. This challenge is compounded by refugees being viewed by participants as a mobile population thus making primary health care centers less willing to invest in refugee health technologies. Lastly, participant views regarding the health and technology literacies of refugees varied and that was considered to be a challenge that needs to be addressed for the successful integration of refugee health technologies.
Our findings indicate that in the context of integrating technology into the provision of health care for refugees in a low or middle income country such as Lebanon, some barriers for technology integration related to the availability of resources are similar to those found elsewhere. However, we identified participant views of refugees' health and technology literacies to be a challenge specific to the context of this refugee crisis. These challenges need to be addressed when considering refugee health technologies. This could be done by increasing the visibility of refugee capabilities and configuring refugee health technologies so that they may create spaces in which refugees are empowered within the health care system and can work toward debunking the views discovered in this study.
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