Från Ukraina och Belarus Andersson, Fredrik W; Wadensjö, Eskil
Ekonomisk debatt,
01/2022, Volume:
50, Issue:
7
Journal Article
The refugee flows within Europe are now completely different from previous years, both in terms of extent and direction between countries. The war in Ukraine has led to many fleeing the country. In a ...European context, Ukraine is a very large country both in terms of size and population, and the flow of refugees is very large. The UN estimates that more than 12 million are refugees, and of those, almost six million have made their way abroad.
Vahset suçlarinin yasandigi durumlarda bölgedeki nüfusun çatismadan ve/veya ülkeden kaçmaya çalismasi olagandir. Bu durum, ülkeleri içinde zorla yerinden edilmis kisilerin (IDP) ve mültecilerin ...olusmasina neden olurken ayni zamanda bahsi geçen devletin sinirlari içindeki nüfusu korumakta basarisiz oldugunun, yani koruma sorumlulugunu (R2P) yerine getiremediginin önemli bir göstergesidir. Bu tür durumlarda, R2P çerçevesinde uluslararasi toplumun yalnizca vahset suçlarini durdurmaya yönelik degil, zorla yerinden edilmis kisileri korumaya yönelik de sorumluluklari vardir. R2P'nin üç sütunlu uygulama stratejisi çerçevesinde bu kisilerin korunmasinin nasil saglanabilecegini ele alan bu makalede, prensibin tamamlayici bir koruma çerçevesi ortaya koydugu savunulmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: R2P, Zorla Yerinden Edilme, Koruma Rejimleri, Birlesmis Milletler, Vahset Suçlari During mass atrocities, the population in the region usually tries to escape from the conflict and/or country. While this leads to the emergence of IDPs and refugees, it is also an important indication of the state's failure to protect its population, i.e. its responsibility to protect (R2P). In such cases, the international community has a responsibility not only to stop the atrocity crimes, but also to protect the forcibly displaced persons. In this article analysing how these persons can be protected on the basis of R2P's three-pillar implementation strategy, it is argued that R2P provides a complementary protection framework. Keywords: R2P, Forced Displacement, Protection Regimes, United Nations, Mass Atrocity Crimes
Greg Burgess’s important new study explores the short life of the High Commission for Refugees (Jewish and Other) Coming from Germany, from its creation by the League of Nations in October 1933 to ...the resignation of High Commissioner, James G. McDonald, in December 1935. The book relates the history of the first stage of refugees from Germany through the prism of McDonald and the High Commission. It analyses the factors that shaped the Commission’s formation, the undertakings the Commission embarked upon and its eventual failure owing to external complications. The League of Nations and the Refugees from Nazi Germany argues that, in spite of the Commission’s failure, the refugees from Nazi Germany and the High Commission’s work mark a turn in conceptions of international humanitarian responsibilities when a state defies standards of proper behaviour towards its citizens.
This Handbook presents a transnational and interdisciplinary study of refugee narratives, broadly defined. Interrogating who can be considered a refugee and what constitutes a narrative, the ...thirty-eight chapters included in this collection encompass a range of forcibly displaced subjects, a mix of geographical and historical contexts, and a variety of storytelling modalities. Analyzing novels, poetry, memoirs, comics, films, photography, music, social media, data, graffiti, letters, reports, eco-design, video games, archival remnants, and ethnography, the individual chapters counter dominant representations of refugees as voiceless victims. Addressing key characteristics and thematics of refugee narratives, this Handbook examines how refugee cultural productions are shaped by and in turn shape socio-political landscapes. It will be of interest to researchers, teachers, students, and practitioners committed to engaging refugee narratives in the contemporary moment. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
In this unique "history from below, " Destination Elsewhere chronicles encounters between displaced persons in Europe and the Allied agencies who were tasked with caring for them after the Second ...World War. The struggle to define who was a displaced person and who was not was a subject of intense debate and deliberation among humanitarians, international law experts, immigration planners, and governments. What has not adequately been recognized is that displaced persons also actively participated in this emerging refugee conversation. Displaced persons endured war, displacement, and resettlement, but these experiences were not defined by passivity and speechlessness. Instead, they spoke back, creating a dialogue that in turn helped shape the modern idea of the refugee. As Ruth Balint shows, what made a good or convincing story at the time tells us much about the circulation of ideas about the war, the Holocaust, and the Jews. Those stories depict the emerging moral and legal distinction between economic migrants and political refugees. They tell us about the experiences of women and children in the face of new psychological and political interventions into the family. Stories from displaced persons also tell us something about the enduring myth of the new world for people who longed to leave the old. Balint focuses on those persons whose storytelling skills became a major strategy for survival and escape out of the displaced persons' camps and out of the Europe. Their stories are brought to life in Destination Elsewhere, alongside a new history of immigration, statelessness, and the institution of the postwar family.
The exodus of refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s has received far more attention from historians, social scientists, and demographers than many other migrations and persecutions in Europe. ...However, as a result of the overwhelming attention that has been given to the Holocaust within the historiography of Europe and the Second World War, the issues surrounding the flight of people from Nazi Germany prior to 1939 have been seen asVorgeschichte(pre-history), implicating the Western European democracies and the United States as bystanders only in the impending tragedy. Based on a comparative analysis of national case studies, this volume deals with the challenges that the pre-1939 movement of refugees from Germany and Austria posed to the immigration controls in the countries of interwar Europe. Although Europe takes center-stage, this volume also looks beyond, to the Middle East, Asia and America. This global perspective outlines the constraints under which European policy makers (and the refugees) had to make decisions. By also considering the social implications of policies that became increasingly protectionist and nationalistic, and bringing into focus the similarities and differences between European liberal states in admitting the refugees, it offers an important contribution to the wider field of research on political and administrative practices.
What motivates “ordinary people” to support refugees emotionally and financially? This is a timely question considering the number of displaced people in today’s world is at an all-time high. To help ...counter this crisis, it is imperative for the Canadian government to determine which policies encourage volunteers to welcome asylum seekers, and which ones must be reviewed. Ordinary People, Extraordinary Actions relates the story of the St. Joseph’s Parish Refugee Outreach Committee over its thirty years in action, revealing how seemingly small decisions and actions have led to significant changes in policies and in people’s lives—and how they can do so again in the future. By helping readers—young and old, secular and faith-oriented—understand what drives individuals and communities to welcome refugees with open hearts and open arms, the authors hope to inspire people across Canada and beyond its borders to strengthen our collective willingness and ability to offer refuge as a lifesaving protection for those who need it.
Lebanon hosts the highest number of refugees per capita worldwide and is central to European policies of outsourcing migration management. Hybrid Political Order and the Politics of Uncertainty is ...the first book to critically and comprehensively explore the parallels between the country’s engagement with the recent Syrian refugee influx and the more protracted Palestinian presence.
Drawing on fieldwork, qualitative case-studies, and critical policy analysis, it questions the dominant idea that the haphazardness, inconsistency, and fragmentation of refugee governance are only the result of forced displacement or host state fragility and the related capacity problems. It demonstrates that the endemic ambiguity that determines refugee governance also results from a lack of political will to create coherent and comprehensive rules of engagement to address refugee ‘crises.’
Building on emerging literatures in the fields of critical refugee studies, hybrid governance, and ignorance studies, it proposes an innovative conceptual framework to capture the spatial, temporal, and procedural dimensions of the uncertainty that refugees face and to tease out the strategic components of the reproduction and extension of such informality, liminality, and exceptionalism. In developing the notion of a ‘politics of uncertainty,’ ambiguity is explored as a component of a governmentality that enables the control, exploitation, and expulsion of refugees.
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