On the basis of the earliest toponyms and administrative documents pertaining to Val Resia a hypothesis on the Alpine Slavic settlement, the original name of these settlers and the early Medieval ...development of the valley is proposed. The identical name for the village of San Giorgio and for the valley as a whole during this period turns out to be an important fact in favour of this hypothesis.
This paper examines the emergence of Baudouin de Courtenay’s ideas about the mixture of languages as a reaction against the theories of Neogrammairians at the end of the 19th century. Born in Poland, ...which was then under Russian administration, he worked mostly at imperial Russian universities. He founded the so called Kazan Circle (1875-1883) where he elaborated the theory of phoneme. Anyway he was interested in a lot of other subjects. At the beginning of his career, he followed the neogrammarians theories, till he went to investigate the Slavonic islet of Resia in the Italian Frioul which gave him the materials of his monumental thesis Essay of Phonetics of the Dialects of Resia (1875) which he wrote under the influence of Graziado Ascoli. Baudouin thought there was a Turanian (Finno-Ugric and Turkic) substratum in theses dialects which so appeared to be a mixture of languages. He further shared the ideas of Hugo Schuchardt who affirmed that any language results to be a mixture and Nikolaj Marr about the hybridization of all languages in the world. So, could Baudouin give rise to a lot of studies dedicated to linguistic contacts, exchanges and mixtures of languages.
Les variétés de slovène du Val Resia, en Frioul-Vénétie Julienne, sont enclavées derrière un contrefort montagneux qui les isole du réseau dialectal slovène. Une riche tradition de recherche les ...documente depuis deux siècles, et connaît un renouveau grâce à l’aménagement linguistique « de par en bas » (associatif). Une codification a pris forme dans les années 1990, fondée sur un travail de recherche tenant compte de la diversité dialectale interne de cette micro-région. Cependant, divers points de vue s’opposent, sur le plan glottopolitique entre d’une part, les tenants d’une individuation localiste contre une intégration dans le concert des dialectes slovènes, et d’autre part, les tenants d’une intégration polynomique et pragmatique, cultivant le lien avec la langue de référence, le slovène, dans une relation de complémentarité. Le présent article rend compte de ce dilemme et des contradictions entre plan émique et plan étique, sur la base d’un état documentaire diversifié et d’observations de terrain. On propose trois « modèles » ou scénarios » de développement social et de revitalisation du résian et des variétés italo-slovènes proches : la citadelle (isolationnisme, avec risque de substitution sociolinguistique), le pont (intégration, avec risque d’assimilation par le slovène standard), le pont-levis (un pluralisme polynomique, avec ouverture au monde slovène et slave, tout en maintenant une spécificité structurale). Des trois options, c’est semble-t-il la troisième qui tend, fort heureusement, à prévaloir depuis plusieurs décennies, bien qu’il faille rester vigilant à maintenir un équilibre entre individuation, isolement et assimilation. C’est là un processus sans fin, dont le résian constitue un cas exemplaire pour la glottopolitique des minorités transfrontalières.
Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) influence landscape development in tectonically active mountain ranges. Nevertheless, the relationships among tectonics, DSGSDs, and topography ...are poorly known. In this paper, the distribution of DSGSDs and their relationships with tectonic structures and active processes, surface processes, and topography were investigated at different scales. Over 100 DSGSDs were mapped in a 5000 km
2 sector of the central Eastern Alps between the Valtellina, Engadine and Venosta valleys. Detailed lineament mapping was carried out by photo-interpretation in a smaller area (about 750 km
2) including the upper Valtellina and Val Venosta. Fault populations were also analysed in the field and their mechanisms unravelled, allowing to identify different structural stages, the youngest being consistent with the regional pattern of the ongoing crustal deformation. Finally, four DSGSD examples have been investigated in detail by geological and 2D geomechanical modelling.
DSGSDs affect more than 10% of the study area, and mainly cluster in areas where anisotropic fractured rock mass and high local relief occur. Their onset and development is subjected to a strong passive control by mesoscopic and major tectonic features, including regional nappe boundaries as well as NW–SE, N–S and NE–SW trending recent brittle structures. The kinematic consistency between these structures and the pattern of seismicity suggests that active tectonics may force DSGSDs, although field evidence and numerical models indicate slope debuttressing related to deglaciation as a primary triggering mechanism.
L’article étudie la genèse des idées du linguiste polonais Jan Baudouin de Courtenay sur le mélange des langues dans le contexte de la contestation de l’école des néo-grammairiens à la fin du xixe ...siècle. Originaire de la Pologne alors sous administration russe, Baudouin s’est illustré surtout dans le monde universitaire et académique russe, il est bien connu pour son rôle dans les activités du Cercle de Kazan (1875-1883) où est née la conception du phonème, mais son activité embrasse bien d’autres domaines. Au début de sa carrière, il suit la doctrine des néo-grammairiens, mais c’est pour s’en détacher ensuite quand il est confronté à l’îlot slavophone de Resia, dans le Frioul italien, matière de sa thèse monumentale Essai de phonétique des parlers de Resia (1875), écrite sous l’influence de Graziado Ascoli. Baudouin pense déceler en ces dialectes slaves un substrat finno-ougrien-turc d’où résulterait un mélange de langues ; il rejoint ainsi Hugo Schuchardt pour qui toute langue résulte d’un mélange, et Nikolaj Marr qui défendait l’hybridation de toutes les langues. Il a pu ainsi susciter de nombreuses autres études consacrées aux contacts, échanges et mélanges de langues.
The article focuses on the relationship with alterity and the distant worlds that arises from the folksong cycle of the typ Kralj Matjaž rešen iz ječe ‘King Matthias rescued form the jale’, which is ...documented in the Slovenian folk tradition with reach materials from the Resia valley (Italy). Resia is a very peripheral western Slovenian linguistic minority area. Through the analysis of the texts from a linguistic and symbolic perspective the author trys to understand if the image of the Other, in this case of the Turk, is corresponding to the stereotyped representations which developped in folklore of Western Europe and in the South Slavic cultural space towards Ottoman/muslim world. An interesting parallel represents the cycle Zvijačna ugrabitev mlade matere (Lepa Vida) ‘Cunning kidnapping of a young mother (Fair Vida)’, where the Other is represented by a sailor/boatman (Saracen).
Resia is a part of Slovenian ethnic settlement in Italy, yet due to geographical and historical reasons, most of the population has not developed a sense of Slovenian ethnic identity, but rather, ...only their local one. After 1999 the municipality of Resia was included into three protection acts for Slovenian linguistic minority. Part of the population and the actual municipal government is categorically opposed to that, which has provoked many drastic conflicts in the valley. In this paper, the author presents and analyses the placement of the municipality of Resia into the protection acts for Slovenian minority, reasons for opposing this placement and the problems with the application of the minority protection by the authorities.
Resia, a valley situated in northern Italy, is part of the Slovene ethnic settlement and now an administrative part of the Italian state. Due to natural conditions as well as political history, its ...population has not experienced the same kind of ethnic development that has taken place in the rest of the Slovene "ethnic territory". As a result, a part of the Resian population identifies itself as an integral part of the Slovene cultural space while another part categorically rejects this notion and interprets its origin and identity in other contexts. Antagonism between these conceptual poles, which share the small valley, has produced conflicts and even escalated into violence. The issues with which Slovenes as well as other nations in Central Europe struggled primarily in the second half of the 19th century - how to identify ethnically, which alphabet to use, which ethnic communities to link with, etc. - still remain the principal political and ideological issues in Resia.
The contribution presents findings from the research on a constitution of new ethnic identities in Alps-Adriatic region. The key question dealt here with was to which extent the recent demographical ...processes impact the peripheral, mountainous, and ethnically specific cross-border region between Slovenia and Italy. In lay and professional discourse there is still omnipresent mentality of extinguishing Slovene minority in Italy. Applying various demographical methods the article resolves the demographical processes and quantifies the extent of the local Slovene speakers. The author argues that the recent demographical processes of heavy depopulation tend to stabilize towards stagnation. Depopulation is stronger in the Slovenian part of the region, though the traditional Slovene-speaking areas in Italy aren’t as threatened as the adjacent Friulian areas. New migration trends along with the generally low fertility contribute to changes in traditional dualistic structure and bring refreshment to remote parts of the border region as well.
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