In vivo solid phase microextraction for bioanalysis Queiroz, Maria Eugênia Costa; Souza, Israel Donizeti de; Oliveira, Igor Gustavo de ...
TrAC, Trends in analytical chemistry (Regular ed.),
August 2022, 2022-08-00, Volume:
153
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a rapid, well-established, and solvent-free sample preparation technique. It has usually been hyphenated with GC-MS or LC-MS/MS to separate and to detect ...enriched analytes. In recent years, ambient ionization techniques have been developed fast. This has allowed MS to be used for direct and straightforward SPME analysis of complex samples, dismissing the need for chromatographic separation. SPME sampling disturbs systems to a minimum—it removes (extracts) only small fractions of analytes. Therefore, in vivo analysis is a special application area where SPME is gaining ground.
This review summarizes state-of-the-art in vivo SPME for bioanalysis (in human, rats, fishes, rhesus macaque, frog, and living cattle), including biocompatible SPME coatings, sampling approaches for in vivo SPME (skin, exhaled breath, saliva, blood, muscle, and brain sampling), analytical/detection systems, and calibration methods. This review also discusses in vivo SPME applications (pharmacokinetic studies, exposure, biomarkers, diagnosis, doping control, lipidomics, drug analysis, cosmetic dermatology, bioaccumulation, biomonitoring, environmental pollutants, and therapeutic drug monitoring) and future trends in in vivo SPME bioanalysis.
•State-of-the-art in vivo SPME for bioanalysis.•In vivo SPME applications.•Future trends in in vivo SPME bioanalysis.
At present, researches on various areas have been benefited from the advancement in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique, which covers a wide scope of analytes with different properties, ...facilitates on-site sampling and sample preparation, allows automated operation with high sample throughput, and facilitates long-range monitoring. As the scope of SPME grows, further increases in the specificity, speed and efficiency of this technique are still urgently needed. Application of auxiliary energies is one of the efficient strategies to achieve the aforementioned purpose. This review offers a brief discussion concerning several physical assistive technologies of SPME (e.g. vacuum, ultrasound, microwave, electrical driving force, magnetism, etc.) with respect to targeted or untargeted analysis of different substances in environmental, biological and food samples. Achievements, limitations, and future trends of these applications are also discussed. This review article is believed to be conductive to future applications of auxiliary energy assisted SPME methods in various fields.
•Auxiliary energy assisted SPME applications are reviewed.•Vacuum, ultrasound, microwave, electrical driving force and magnetism are introduced.•Advantages and limitations of the current SPME assistive technologies are discussed.•Future recommendations of auxiliary energy assisted SPME are proposed.
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (in-tube SPME or IT-SPME) is a sample preparation technique which has demonstrated over time its ability to couple with liquid chromatography (LC), as well as its ...advantages as a miniaturized technique. However, the in-tube SPME perspectives in the forthcoming years depend on solutions that can be brought to the environmental, industrial, food and biomedical analysis. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the strengths and weaknesses of this technique during the period 2009 to 2015 in order to identify research gaps that should be addressed in the future, as well as the tendencies that are meant to strengthen the technique.
In terms of methodological aspects, this scoping review shows the in-tube SPME strengths in the coupling with LC (LC-mass spectrometry, capillary LC, ultra-high-pressure LC), in the new performances (magnetic IT-SPME and electrochemically controlled in-tube SPME) and in the wide range of development of coatings and capillaries. Concerning the applicability, most in-tube SPME studies (around 80%) carry out environmental and biomedical analyses, a lower number food analyses and few industrial analyses. Some promising studies in proteomics have been performed. The review makes a critical description of parameters used in the optimization of in-tube SPME methods, highlighting the importance of some of them (i.e. type of capillary coatings). Commercial capillaries in environmental analysis and laboratory-prepared capillaries in biomedical analysis have been employed with good results. The most consolidated configuration is in-valve mode, however the cycle mode configuration is frequently chosen for biomedical analysis. This scoping review revealed that some aspects such as the combination of in-tube SPME with other sample treatment techniques for the analysis of solid samples should be developed in depth in the near future.
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•A scoping review was carried out, which assesses the strengths and weaknesses of IT-SPME during the period 2009–2015.•Optimization parameters are discussed, with special emphasis on the most decisive ones.•New couplings, performances and capillaries as strength elements.•Benefits and drawbacks of the extraction modes and configurations.•IT-SPME applicability to different matrices and analytes.
Bioanalysis of endogenous substances, metabolites, and contaminants poisons is important in analyses of biological functions, metabolomics, forensic toxicology, patient diagnosis and biomonitoring of ...human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In these analyses, methods of sample preparation are essential for the isolation and concentration of target analytes from complex biological matrices. These processes, however, are time-consuming, labor-intensive and error-prone, and markedly influence the reliability and accuracy of determining target analytes. Thus, efficient sample preparation techniques and their integration with analytical methods have become significant. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and convenient sample preparation technique that has enabled automation, miniaturization, high-throughput performance, and online coupling with analytical instruments. Moreover, SPME has reduced analysis times, as well as solvent and disposal costs.This reprint consists of 14 original, peer-reviewed papers for the Special Issue in the MDPI journal Molecules. The topics covered include headspace fiber SPME (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), HS-in-needle microextraction GC-MS, thin film SPME liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), magnetic solid phase extraction LC-MS/MS, in-tube SPME LC-MS/MS and in-tube SPME LC-UV. Samples analyzed include plant-derived volatile organic compounds; body odor; metabolites in urine, plasma and saliva sample; and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in hair and environmental estrogens.
The quantification of drugs in biological samples is a significant task for determination of the physiological efficiency in evaluated drugs in the drug discovery. To analysis of the chemical ...compounds at the trace and ultratrace levels, adequate analytical procedures should be applied. Therefore, sample preparation method undoubtedly is the most important stage in the trace determination process. In spite of the great growth of analytical instrumentation during the recent years, sample preparation is still nowadays considered the impasse of the all analytical procedure, especially in drugs analysis. Because of the low concentration level of drugs in blood, plasma, and the diversity of the metabolites, the chosen extraction technique should be almost perfect. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a powerful, simple, fast and an equilibrium-based sample preparation method that permits integration of sampling, sample clean-up, and pre-concentration in a single solvent-free step for chemical analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that provided by the presence of a template during their synthesis are the stable polymers with molecular recognition abilities and excellent materials which provide selectivity to sample preparation. Because of its characteristics such as easy preparation, high selectivity, and chemical stability, MIP is widely utilized in many analytical fields. Accordingly, the molecular imprinting and SPME methods combination would prepare a strong analytical instrumentation which comprises simplicity, flexibility, and the selectivity characteristics of both methods. This review focuses on the application of solid-phase microextraction method coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers, namely molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction (MISPME), for trace determination in drug analysis.
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•This review describes the use of molecularly imprinted polymers based on SPME technology for drug quantification.•A comprehensive overview of several MISPME fiber preparing process.•Discussion and comparison of advantages and limitations of different MISPME technologies in drug analysis.•Review summarizing the recent trends in chromatographic coupling.•Advantages of the MIP-SPME in drug analysis include high sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and sufficient stability.
•Shapes of solid-phase-microextraction fibers using molecularly-imprinted polymers.•Techniques applying molecularly-imprinted polymers and solid-phase-microextraction.•Solid-phase-microextraction ...fiber with molecularly-imprinted-polymer as solid phase.
In spite of the huge developments in analytical instrumentation during the past two decades, sample preparation is still considered as the most critical step in the whole analytical process. It is required in order to remove interferences and preconcentrate target analytes. Efforts have been made to improve selectivity during extraction. Molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) have affinity for the original template molecule and have been used in applications, such as chemical separation, selective extraction, catalysis, or molecular sensing. In the present review, we describe the application of MIPs in the various modes of solid-phase microextraction.
This book covers the most recent research activities and achievements regarding to the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. It is a powerful sample preparation tool that addresses the new ...challenges of analytical laboratories. Among others, its fundamental applications involved the sampling of volatile compounds from various matrixes. The demonstrated topics ranged from aroma characterization of various fruits, essential oils to the utilization of SPME for in-tube extraction and isolation of selected compounds from complex samples followed by state-of-the-art analytical techniques.
•An overview of the historical development of SPME is extracted from patent records.•Quantification and calibration procedures used in SPME are reviewed.•SPME-related techniques considering ...quantitative applications are highlighted.
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a convenient, effective and green sample preparation technique, offering excellent compatibility with different chromatography methods. This review presents an overview of the history of the SPME technique and its early adaptation based on reported patents, followed by some current SPME designs, and intended usage, especially for gas chromatography (GC) applications. Particular focus on quantification approaches in SPME is included, with emphases on the methodology chosen for implementation, correct performance of quantification and validation, and the calibration method. The article concludes by highlighting some innovative SPME-related techniques, some of which are chosen for their quantitative coverage of analytes and their reported applications.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using ...headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (
E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.
The use of electromagnetic waves to improve the efficiency of analytical separation methods has received high attention in recent years. This is done in two ways, one involving the use of a magnetic ...absorbents and the other one using an external magnetic field to enhance the extraction efficiency. In this review, the application of magnetic field for enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of analytical sample preparation methods, by focusing on solid-phase microextraction (SPME), is surveyed and evaluated. Additionally, the efficiency and reliability of different magnetic sorbent-enhanced SPME and magnetic field-enhanced SPME methods are discussed. It was revealed that applying an external magnetic field in the SPME techniques improves the analytical figure of merits, particularly in complex matrices like human body fluids. It was demonstrated that the use of the external magnetic field in SPME can increase fiber's lifespan. Additionally, the enhancing effect of the external electromagnetic field, due to the paramagnetic attraction and diamagnetic repulsion, is discussed.
