•A human pilot intervention study was performed with volunteers with and without a colon.•Anthocyanins/bilberry extract was stabilized by whey protein or citrus pectin.•Whey protein encapsulation ...modulated short-term bioavailability.•Citrus pectin encapsulation increased intestinal accessibility during passage through the small intestine.•The degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde was present in plasma.
Anthocyanins are flavonoids that have been suggested to provide beneficial health effects. The biological activity of anthocyanins is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, but anthocyanins are associated with limited bioavailability in humans. In the presented study, we investigated how the encapsulation of bilberry extract (BE), a source of anthocyanins, with either whey protein or citrus pectin influences the bioavailability and intestinal accessibility of anthocyanins in humans. We performed an intervention study that analyzed anthocyanins and their degradation products in the urine, plasma, and ileal effluent of healthy volunteers and ileostomists (subjects without an intact colon). We were able to show, that whey protein encapsulation modulated short-term bioavailability and that citrus pectin encapsulation increased intestinal accessibility during passage through the small intestine and modulated the formation of the degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde (PGAL) in human plasma.
•A novel Co (Ⅱ)-based MOF material with peroxidase mimetic activity was synthesized.•The possible catalysis mechanism of Co-MOF was studied.•The Co-MOF enhanced the luminol-H2O2 CL signal ...significantly.•A CL sensing method for glucose determination was developed using the luminol-H2O2-Co-MOF system.
In this work, a metal organic framework material (Co(L)(H2O)2n, Co-MOF) was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and it was found that Co-MOF have a peroxidase-like activity. They can efficiently catalyze the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between luminol and H2O2 and enhance the CL signal significantly. The possible enhancement mechanism suggested that Co-MOF catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 into O2 and increased the generation of •O2−. Based on these findings, a new highly sensitive glucose sensor was constructed combined with the luminol-H2O2-Co-MOF CL system and glucose oxidase. Under the optimal conditions, the method exhibited a good linear response to glucose in the range of 0.04˜8 μM with a detection limit of 1 × 10-8 M. The method has been further applied in the quantitative determination of glucose in human serum and urine successfully.
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide (Parathion) has been developed for the first time by utilizing nickel oxide nanoplatelets modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). ...The NiO NPLs showed a superior electrochemical performance and ultrasensitive determination of parathion in real samples over bare/unmodified SPEs.
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•Meso-/macro-porous NiO nanoplatelets were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.•Sensitive determination of parathion pesticide by utilizing NiO NPLs modified SPE was explored.•NiO-SPEs can be used in a wide concentration range with low detection limit of 24 × 10−9 mol L−1.•The stability of NiO-SPEs nanozyme was utilized for detection of parathion in water, urine and vegetable samples.
Nanozyme-based electrochemical sensors have attracted much attention because of their low cost, sensitivity and remarkable stability under extensive environmental and industrial conditions. Interestingly, the physical characteristics of the nanomaterials in terms of size, shape, composition, surface area and porosity dominate the electrochemical processes at electrode surfaces. Herein, we explore nickel oxide nanoplatelets (NPs) modified screen-printed electrode-based nanozyme sensors that displays high electrochemical activity including stability, sensitivity, selectivity and applicability for organophosphate pesticide (Parathion) determination. Differential pulse voltammogram of NiO-SPE in presence of parathion showed a characteristic peak current at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The NiO-SPE platform allows determination of parathion over the concentration range of 0.1–30 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.024 µM. The sensing platform is found to detect parathion of interferences without compromising the sensitivity of the sensor. Such interesting features offer a sensitive determination of parathion in water, urine and vegetable samples.
The development of reagentless sensors that can detect molecular analytes in biological fluids could enable a broad range of applications in personalized health monitoring. However, only a limited ...set of molecular inputs can currently be detected using reagentless sensors. Here, we report a sensing mechanism that is compatible with the analysis of proteins that are important physiological markers of stress, allergy, cardiovascular health, inflammation and cancer. The sensing method is based on the motion of an inverted molecular pendulum that exhibits field-induced transport modulated by the presence of a bound analyte. We measure the sensor's electric field-mediated transport using the electron-transfer kinetics of an attached reporter molecule. Using time-resolved electrochemical measurements that enable unidirectional motion of our sensor, the presence of an analyte bound to our sensor complex can be tracked continuously in real time. We show that this sensing approach is compatible with making measurements in blood, saliva, urine, tears and sweat and that the sensors can collect data in situ in living animals.
A highly flexible and selective electrochemical sensor based on a Pt–Au nanoparticles (Pt-AuNPs) modified laser-induced graphene (LIG)/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) electrode is presented for the ...detection of dopamine (DA). The Pt-AuNPs exhibited high electrocatalytic activity in response to the oxidation of DA, and the peak current of DA detected by the Pt-AuNPs/LIG/PDMS electrode linearly increased with DA concentration. The fabricated sensor also exhibited an excellent sensitivity of approximately 865.80 μA/mM cm−2 and a detection limit of 75 nM in a neutral solution. In addition, it showed high selectivity for interfering compounds such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Clearly defined current peaks, with a separation of approximately 0.11 V, were observed for DA and UA. Finally, DA was successfully detected in human urine.
•A dopamine sensor with high flexibility and selectivity was fabricated by a simple process.•The sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity of 865.8μA/mM cm−2 and limit of detection of 75 nM in a neutral buffer solution.•The sensor successfully detected dopamine in human urine, providing great possibility for homecare monitoring.
Metabolic fingerprints of biofluids encode diverse diseases and particularly urine detection offers complete non‐invasiveness for diagnostics of the future. Present urine detection affords ...unsatisfactory performance and requires advanced materials to extract molecular information, due to the limited biomarkers and high sample complexity. Herein, we report plasmonic polymer@Ag for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) and sparse‐learning‐based metabolic diagnosis of kidney diseases. Using only 1 μL of urine without enrichment or purification, polymer@Ag afforded urine metabolic fingerprints (UMFs) by LDI‐MS in seconds. Analysis by sparse learning discriminated lupus nephritis from various other non‐lupus nephropathies and controls. We combined UMFs with urine protein levels (UPLs) and constructed a new diagnostic model to characterize subtypes of kidney diseases. Our work guides urine‐based diagnosis and leads to new personalized analytical tools for other diseases.
Metabolic fingerprints of biofluids encode diverse diseases and particularly urine analysis offers complete non‐invasiveness for diagnostics of the future. Plasmonic polymer@Ag is developed for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and sparse‐learning‐based metabolic diagnosis of kidney diseases. This work guides urine‐based diagnosis and leads to new personalized analytical tools for other diseases.
Schizophrenia (SZ) detection enables effective treatment to improve the clinical outcome, but objective and reliable SZ diagnostics are still limited. An ideal diagnosis of SZ suited for robust ...clinical screening must address detection throughput, low invasiveness, and diagnosis accuracy. Herein, we built a multi‐shelled hollow Cr2O3 spheres (MHCSs) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) platform for the direct metabolic profiling of biofluids towards SZ diagnostics. The MHCSs displayed strong light absorption for enhanced ionization and microscale surface roughness with stability for the effective LDI of metabolites. We profiled urine and serum metabolites (≈1 μL) with the enhanced LDI efficacy in seconds. We discriminated SZ patients (SZs) from healthy controls (HCs) with the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 1.000 for the blind test. We identified four compounds with optimal diagnostic power as a simplified metabolite panel for SZ and demonstrated the metabolite quantification for clinic use. Our approach accelerates the growth of new platforms toward a precision diagnosis in the near future.
Multi‐shelled hollow Cr2O3 spheres displayed strong photo‐response for enhanced ionization and microscale surface roughness with stability for the effective LDI of metabolites, thereby enabling fast and sensitive metabolic profiling in bio‐fluids. Based on the decoded urine and serum metabolic fingerprints, we performed machine learning to discriminate schizophrenia patients from healthy controls with high specificity and selectivity.
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•1st application of a MFC design that can be scaled-up without power-density losses.•1st full charge of a basic phone within 42 and 68h employing neat urine as MFC-fuel.•1st full ...charge of smartphone within 68 and 82h employing neat urine as MFC-fuel.•1st charging system allowing 1h 45min phone call per 3h of charge.
This study reports for the first time the full charging of a state-of-the-art mobile smartphone, using Microbial Fuel Cells fed with urine. This was possible by employing a new design of MFC that allowed scaling-up without power density losses. Although it was demonstrated in the past that a basic mobile phone could be charged by MFCs, the present study goes beyond this to show how, simply using urine, an MFC system successfully charges a modern-day smartphone. Several energy-harvesting systems have been tested and results have demonstrated that the charging circuitry of commercially available phones may consume up to 38% of energy on top of the battery capacity. The study concludes by developing a mobile phone charger based on urine, which results in 3h of phone operation (outgoing call) for every 6h of charge time, with as little as 600mL (per charge) of real neat urine.
A gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor for the determination of creatinine was developed as an important index for early diagnosis of kidney function and corresponding renal diseases. Because ...of the unique synergistic coordination capability of adenosine and creatinine with Ag+ on a particle surface, our system exhibits an excellent selectivity to creatinine among various ions and biomolecules. There are good linear relationships of absorption changes (A 630 nm/520 nm) over creatinine concentrations, so both colorimetric qualitative detection by the naked eye and quantitative determination by UV–vis spectrometer could be realized with an excellent limit of detection compared with that of other methods. Finally, by testing creatinine in practical samples, such as urine mimic and bovine serum, good recoveries were obtained with proper relative standard deviations.
There is an ongoing probing of the role of chemicals in the indoor environment. The majority of potential target substances are so‐called very volatile, volatile, and semi‐volatile organic compounds ...(VVOCs, VOCs, and SVOCs). Depending on their physical properties and the mass transfer conditions, they are distributed in or between the gas phase, particle phase, settled house dust, surface films, clothing, and other fabrics as well as the exposed skin and hair of the occupants themselves. Therefore, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal uptake all must be considered as relevant pathways for exposure assessment in human habitats. Exposure to VVOCs, VOCs, and SVOCs can be estimated by measuring their concentrations in relevant indoor compartments or by determining the amounts of the target compounds and/or their metabolites in urine and blood. Assessing the various routes of exposure often requires a combination of sophisticated and interdisciplinary theoretical background and experimental techniques. Consequently, close communication and collaboration between chemical and exposure scientists are needed to achieve a better understanding of human exposure to chemical substances in various indoor environments. Embedded in the toxicological context, this is the basis for assessing the corresponding health risks and for determining control strategies or approaches to limit such risks.
Body burdens of exogeneous organic chemicals can be assessed from the outside in (estimating inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption) or the inside out (biomonitoring of chemicals or metabolites in blood and urine). When these approaches are combined, they synergistically improve our knowledge of how organic chemicals get into our bodies as well as their effects on us.
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