The article deals with the problem of improving the quality of applied software (AS) testing. This testing begins with the pre-alpha version and ends at the stage of acceptance testing of the AS. ...This period includes the process of multiple execution of designed and developed system tests of AS, and includes additional analysis of the program in other ways. We refer to the testing process for a given period of time as a testing cycle (TC), which is usually implemented using the "black box" method without the tester's access to the program code. An analysis of existing methods of tests synthesis showed that these methods not always guarantee an acceptable completeness of testing. Therefore, in this paper we propose an approach to the development of additional tests, based on the analysis of the database of errors (DB) and the capabilities of programmers and testers. These additional tests should confirm or disprove the conclusions about the sufficient completeness of the testing of AS functions during the TC. The work analyzes the types of errors recorded in the database, the level of their influence on the AS, the time spent on their detection and correction. Based on the results of the error analysis, the AS functions that are subject to additional testing are selected. In this approach, the sequence of TC is considered as an iterative process of identifying possible program errors, in which new segments of tests are constructed according to the results of previous cycles. The article gives some practical results obtained in accordance with the proposed methodology and outlines new directions in the study of the effectiveness of AS testing.
Purpose
This study aims to explain the boycott of Chinese product during the COVID-19 crisis. Specifically, this paper attempt to empirically test the influence of boycott on the image brand and ...foreign product judgment, as well as to testing the influence of brand image on the judgment of these products.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from a stratified random sample (N = 300) of students and was analyzed by using the structural equation modeling method.
Findings
The results show that the boycott negatively influenced the brand image and valuation of foreign products. Also, empirical results confirm that the brand image of foreign products positively influenced consumer judgment.
Practical implications
The success of foreign products is because of a combination of adaptation and standardization strategies for foreign companies in a local market to resist ace to unexpected economic conditions. These strategies allowed foreign products to penetrate diverse markets and not to be considered as a “foreign” brand which must be boycotted even in health crisis. The internationalization of companies and the opening of subsidiaries in the targeted countries can be considered as a solution for them so that their products will not be boycotted by consumers and consider them as national products.
Originality/value
Although with the existence of several studies on the boycott of foreign products, little attention has been paid so far to assess its interactions in times of health crisis such as COVID-19 crisis. This study contributes to the existing the literature with a research model based on two theories. This study leads to a better understanding of the role of boycotting foreign products and its impact on the brand image of these products and their judgments by consumers. On the other hand, this study tested the effect of branding on the judgment of boycotted products. Indeed, no study has so far examined the influence of consumer boycotts on the brand image of boycotted products. The authors have already responded to this shortcoming by adding additional tests for verification, robustness and validation of the results obtained.
Do we really know the symptoms of inguinal hernia? Pérez Lara, F. J.; del Rey Moreno, A.; Oliva Muñoz, H.
Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery,
10/2015, Volume:
19, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Purpose
Although there is a high incidence of inguinal hernia in developed countries, few studies have been conducted to describe the symptoms, and these few only address the local symptoms, not ...those presenting at other levels. The aim of the present study is to conduct a detailed review of the symptoms, both inguinal and otherwise, of patients with inguinal hernia.
Methods
A case–control study was designed to compare the symptoms presented by 231 patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia with those of a second group of 231 randomly-selected subjects. In the hernia group, the symptoms were also evaluated according to the location of the hernia (right, left, bilateral).
Results
Significant differences (more symptomatology in patients with hernia) were found for the following items: groin pain, genital pain, urinary symptoms, abdominal pain, increased peristalsis and tenesmus. On the contrary, the control patients presented greater symptomatology with respect to back pain and diaphragm pain.
Conclusions
Patients with inguinal hernia present a wide variety of symptoms, and these are not restricted to the inguinal area. It is important to be aware of this fact to convey accurate information to the patient, especially with regard to postoperative expectations.
La saliva es esencial para mantener el equilibrio en la boca. Su ausencia o cambios en sus características representarían un problema importante de salud. La producción obedece a reflejos ...condicionados, la naturaleza del estímulo y una respuesta según la glándula. Los componentes de la saliva son de gran importancia ya que cumple numerosas funciones, entre ellas: formar y lubricar el bolo alimenticio para su deglución, mejorar el gusto, inicia la digestión, evita erosión de las mucosas, lubricar, mejora la capacidad de hablar, previene la deshidratación de las células epiteliales y receptores gustativos, mantiene equilibrio bacteriano, y un efecto de remineralización dental. La xerostomía es causada por disminución o ausencia de la secreción salival en condiciones de reposo, sin embargo por sí misma no es una enfermedad sino un síntoma; no parece estar relacionada directamente con la edad, sino con las enfermedades o fármacos que se suelen administrar en esa etapa de la vida. Algunos autores han demostrado que la xerostomía es un predictor importante en la pérdida involuntaria de peso en la tercera edad, y un déficit nutricional, que provoca deterioro de la función de las glándulas salivales, que repercute sobre los dientes con la consecuencia de edentulismo prematuro y deterioro de la salud, creándose así un círculo vicioso. De las distintas patologías orales que afectan a la población, la xerostomía se encuentra de segundo lugar después del síndrome de ardor bucal. Las causas son múltiples, englobadas en tres grandes grupos: orgánicas, farmacológicas y funcionales. Se dividen también en causas reversibles (ansiedad, infección aguda en las glándulas salivales, deshidratación o efecto secundario de algunos medicamentos) o irreversibles, si la causa es crónica, que conduce a una sequedad de boca permanente (anomalías congénitas, enfermedades autoinmunes, infecciosas, reumatológicas, menopausia, radioterapia, diabetes, trastornos psiquiátricos, Alzheimer, SIDA, consumo de sustancias adictivas). El diagnóstico de la hipofunción se basa en datos derivados de la sintomatología que refiere el paciente, destacando la necesidad de una amplia historia clínica, de la exploración mediante la constatación de los signos clínicos, de la medición del flujo salival o sialometría cuantitativa y de las pruebas complementarias según sea el caso. Por todo ello cabe destacar la importancia en la determinación de la afectación glandular (reversible o no) a tiempo temprano, y la instauración de medidas preventivas, de esta manera los pacientes tendrían un mejor pronostico y una mantenimiento de su calidad de vida.
I will present how to the Society of the Demographic Transition Era Sustainable. Preparation of our study started in 1987, and then our systematic research started in 1998 as the society for the ...study of the Rehabilitation in XXI Century.From the beginning, I stood the prediction about the mechanism of the high effect and advanced research.The procedure of research is as follows; we reported the effect first as our research1)2), verified the effect of the Takizawa Method3)4)5), developed devices6)7)8), changed the name of the meeting into the Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy and organized the international organization towards spread9), and measured the encephalic function about the mechanism of the effect10)11). We show the grants that made the study possible12).And we announced the paper, which the existing rehabilitation medicine is not helpful for the elderly13).We confirmed that the motivative exercise activated the encephalic function compared with a physiotherapist's passive exercise10)11).The time of demographic transition has come globally and the people have agreed with our enforcement is increasing.The continuation to hold the IBRC 14 times shows it.The holding IBRC 2017, which was named the Rehabilitation in XXI Century is the best thing, and we are deeply moved, and the name of it touches my heart.I give a keynote lecture about the matter mentioned above.
This paper proposes a hybrid strategy by combining fundamental pulsewidth modulation excitation (FPE) and additional test vectors, which is used in interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) ...sensorless control. In contrast to the typical indirect flux detection by on-line reactance measurement-based methodology where the rotor position is calculated and updated in every three successive pulsewidth modulation (PWM) cycles, the proposed hybrid strategy can achieve the one-cycle acquisition of the rotor position by utilizing both response currents of FPE and additional test vectors, which makes the proposed strategy more robust and suitable in higher speed or load sudden change conditions. Meanwhile, a new PWM scheme for four-space-vector PWM (FSVPWM) is presented, which sharply simplifies the implementation process. Furthermore, for the case that the amplitude of the object fundamental voltage is so small that it cannot satisfy minimum time demand for the slopes of response currents sampling, a compensation technique is presented. In addition, the multiple-point current sampling (MPCS) technology and linear least square fitting method are used to decrease the current sampling disturbance, which improves obviously the accuracy of position estimation. Finally, the experimental results confirm that the proposed strategy can obtain the rotor position accurately and simply.
This paper proposes an incremental ATPG method to deal with multiple stuck-at faults. In order to generate the test set for \pmb{n} multiple faults, only the additional test patterns for the ...undetected faults by the existing test patterns for n - 1 multiple faults are generated. Moreover, by introducing an efficient fault selection method, the size of the fault list to be dealt with is reduced drastically compared to the entire fault list of \mathbf{n} multiple faults. Our experimental results on ISCAS 89 and IWLS 2005 benchmarks up to triple faults indicate that the proposed method can generate a compact test set to cover all the faults within an acceptable runtime.
Recent theoretical research on retail pricing dynamics provides an explanation of why retailers periodically put items on sale, even when their costs are unchanged. The authors extend this research ...to show that more popular items (i.e., those that appeal to a wide range of consumers) are more likely to go on sale. One implication of the proposed model is that a good is more likely to be on sale when demand for the good is at its season peak (e.g., eggs at Easter). This implication is tested using store-level retail price data, and the prediction is borne out for the categories of goods that are examined. Additional tests also support the premise that popularity and frequency of sales are positively related. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004
Software reliability measurement during the testing phase is essential for examining the degree of quality or reliability of a developed software system. A software-reliability growth model ...incorporating the amount of test effort expended during the software testing phase is developed. The time-dependent behavior of test-effort expenditures is described by a Weibull curve. Assuming that the error detection rate to the amount of test effort spent during the testing phase is proportional to the current error content, the model is formulated by a nonhomogeneous Poission process. Using the model, the method of data analysis for software reliability measurement is developed. This model is applied to the prediction of additional test-effort expenditures to achieve the objective number of errors detected by software testing, and the determination of the optimum time to stop software testing for release.< >
Tester systématiquement un ajout ou une batterie d’ajouts n’est pas obligatoire dans la pratique quotidienne d’un médecin qui réalise des tests épicutanés. Néanmoins, cette pratique en ...dermato-allergologie est très intéressante et donc recommandée car elle permet une vigilance active d’allergènes émergents complétant ainsi les études avant mise sur le marché et offre aussi la possibilité d’évaluer la prévalence d’un allergène connu non présent dans la batterie standard. L’idéal est de tester de manière systématique un ou des ajouts au sein d’un groupe de praticiens sur une période donnée car cela permet une évaluation de sa prévalence sur une plus grande échelle. Cette pratique réalisée lors d’études multicentriques européennes a ainsi permis d’ajouter ces dernières années de nouveaux allergènes à la batterie standard.
Systematic addition of a substance or a battery of substances to the standard patch test series, while not essential in the practice of dermatologists-allergologists, can nevertheless be useful. It is therefore recommended because it allows recognition of neoallergens before they are marketed. It also provides a means of estimating the prevalence of sensitivity to currently unrecognized allergens, which may be present in the standard series. Ideally, the prevalence of sensitivity to such neoallergens can best be estimated by having one or more of the substances tested over a given time period by a group of physicians. In this way, European multicenter studies have resulted in the addition of new allergens to the standard series.
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