This study of graded rings includes the first systematic account of the graded Grothendieck group, a powerful and crucial invariant in algebra which has recently been adopted to classify the Leavitt ...path algebras. The book begins with a concise introduction to the theory of graded rings and then focuses in more detail on Grothendieck groups, Morita theory, Picard groups and K-theory. The author extends known results in the ungraded case to the graded setting and gathers together important results which are currently scattered throughout the literature. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in ring theory.
Classical valuation theory has applications in number theory and class field theory as well as in algebraic geometry, e.g. in a divisor theory for curves. But the noncommutative equivalent is mainly ...applied to finite dimensional skewfields. Recently however, new types of algebras have become popular in modern algebra; Weyl algebras, deformed and quantized algebras, quantum groups and Hopf algebras, etc. The advantage of valuation theory in the commutative case is that it allows effective calculations, bringing the arithmetical properties of the ground field into the picture. This arithmetical nature is also present in the theory of maximal orders in central simple algebras. Firstly, we aim at uniting maximal orders, valuation rings, Dubrovin valuations, etc. in a common theory, the theory of primes of algebras. Secondly, we establish possible applications of the noncommutative arithmetics to interesting classes of algebras, including the extension of central valuations to nice classes of quantized algebras, the development of a theory of Hopf valuations on Hopf algebras and quantum groups, noncommutative valuations on the Weyl field and interesting rings of invariants and valuations of Gauss extensions.
Lately, as a subset of human-centric studies, vision-oriented human action recognition has emerged as a pivotal research area, given its broad applicability in fields like healthcare, video ...surveillance, autonomous driving, sports, and education. This brief applies Lie algebra and standard bone length data to represent human skeleton data. A multi-layer long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network and convolutional neural network (CNN) are applied for human motion recognition. Finally, the trained network weights are converted into the crossbar-based memristor circuit, which can accelerate the network inference, reduce energy consumption, and obtain an excellent computing performance.
This is the first book to link the mod 2 Steenrod algebra, a classical object of study in algebraic topology, with modular representations of matrix groups over the field F of two elements. The link ...is provided through a detailed study of Peterson's `hit problem' concerning the action of the Steenrod algebra on polynomials, which remains unsolved except in special cases. The topics range from decompositions of integers as sums of 'powers of 2 minus 1', to Hopf algebras and the Steinberg representation of GL(n, F). Volume 1 develops the structure of the Steenrod algebra from an algebraic viewpoint and can be used as a graduate-level textbook. Volume 2 broadens the discussion to include modular representations of matrix groups.
Motivated by the importance of the Campbell, Baker, Hausdorff, Dynkin theorem in many different branches of mathematics and physics, this monograph is intended to fully enable readers to understand ...and apply the statements and plenty of corollaries of the main result and to provide a wide spectrum of proofs from the modern literature.
This book contains the definitions of several ring constructions used in various applications. The concept of a groupoid-graded ring includes many of these constructions as special cases and makes it ...possible to unify the exposition. Recent research results on groupoid-graded rings and more specialized constructions are presented. In addition, there is a chapter containing open problems currently considered in the literature.Ring Constructions and Applications can serve as an excellent introduction for graduate students to many ring constructions as well as to essential basic concepts of group, semigroup and ring theories used in proofs.
U ovom preglednom radu prezentiramo relativno elementaran dokaz slavnog Gelfand-Mazurovog teorema, koji kaže da je svaka kompleksna normirana algebra s dijeljenjem izomorfna algebri kompleksnih ...brojeva \(\mathbb{C}\), te pomoću njega dajemo kratak dokaz Osnovnog teorema algebre.
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie des systèmes linéaires dans les dioïdes. Cette théorie concerne la sous-classe des systèmes à événements discrets modélisables par les Graphes ...d'Événements Temporisés (GET). La dynamique de ces graphes peut être représentée par des équations récurrentes linéaires sur des structures algébriques particulières telles que l'algèbre (max,+) ou l'algèbre (min,+).Ce mémoire est consacré à l'analyse de performances des systèmes dynamiques qui peuvent être modélisés graphiquement par des Graphes d'Événements Temporisés Généralisés (GETG). Ces derniers, contrairement au GET, n'admettent pas une représentation linéaire dans l'algèbre (min,+). Pour pallier à ce problème de non linéarité, nous avons utilisé une approche de modélisation définie sur un dioïde d'opérateurs muni de deux lois internes : loi additive correspondant à l'opération (min), et loi multiplicative équivalente à la loi de composition usuelle. Le modèle d'état obtenu, est utilisé pour évaluer les performances des GETG. Pour cela, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode qui a pour but de linéariser le modèle mathématique régissant l'évolution dynamique du modèle graphique, dans le but d'obtenir un modèle (min,+) linéaire. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est consacrée au problème qui consiste à déterminer les ressources à utiliser dans une ligne de production, en vue d'atteindre des performances souhaitée. Ceci est équivalent à déterminer le marquage initial de la partie commande du GETG.
This thesis is part of the theory of linear systems over dioids. This theory concerns the subclass of discrete event dynamic systems modeled by Timed Event Graphs (TEG). The dynamics of these graphs can be represented by linear recurrence equations over specific algebraic structures such as (max,+) algebra or (min,+) algebra.This report is devoted to the performance analysis of dynamic systems which can be represented graphically by Generalized Timed Event Graphs(GTEG). These type of graphs, unlike TEG, do not admit a linear representation in (min,+) algebra. To mitigate the problem of nonlinearity, we used a modeling approach defined on a dioid operators. The obtained state model is used to evaluate the performance of GTEG. For this, we proposed a new method to linearize the mathematical model governing the dynamic evolution of the graphical model in order to obtain a linear model in (min,+) algebra. The second part of this work is devoted to the problem of determining the resources to use in a production line, in order to achieve desired performance. These is equivalent to determining the initial marking of the control part of the GTEG.
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