Legumes are an essential component of human and animal food, particularly in the Mediterranean area. While some legumes are widely cultivated and consumed, others are neglected and underused. This is ...the case of an ancient Mediterranean legume, chickling-vetch (Lathyrus cicera L.), currently considered as a marginal crop. In Morocco, this crop persists in some traditional mountain agroecosystems in the Tadla-Azilal region. This study allowed to specify the cultivated area and the socio-economic characteristics. The estimation of local ecotypes diversity was carried out using agromorphological descriptors on a collection gathering 13 accessions. The used descriptors include germination, phenology, morphology, and production. The analysis of variability revealed the existence of a structured diversity based on ecotypes differentiation with significant geographical and altitudinal influences. The absence of dormancy, precocity, and a short vegetative lifecycle unveil an interesting adaptive potential to aridity. Regarding productivity, the obtained estimates are comparable or above those mentioned in the literature for other provenances. Our results therefore show that local ecotypes contain important genetic resources for conservation and development. This is particularly relevant considering the current context of climate change, where the search for alternative crops, adapted to fit the predicted harsh conditions, is a priority for global food security.
Abstract Two species of Chlorophyceae, Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Haemotococcus pluvialis, were used to compare and evaluate the effect of sugarcane molasses as a carbon source. Highest cell density ...in the two microalgae culture media was obtained in commercial culture media (CHU12 and WC). During exponential growth (day 1 to day 10), high cell density in H. pluvialis was detected for E. crassipes culture medium ranging between 0.4 x 105 cells mL-1 and 1.7 x 105 cells mL-1. Culture media were fundamental for growth under mixotrophic cultivation. Sugarcane molasses showed different results for the two microalgae with regard to growth performance, lipid and protein levels. Rates were high for H. pluvialis except lipid at the end of the experiment. In fact, A. gracilis presented almost double the lipid levels. Sugarcane molasses may be an alternative carbon source in laboratory conditions.
Resumo Duas espécies de Chlorophyceae, Ankistrodesmus gracilis e Haemotococcus pluvialis foram utilizadas para comparar o efeito do melaço de cana-de-açúcar como fonte de carbono. Nos dois meios de cultura de microalgas, a maior densidade celular foi obtida em meio de cultura comercial (CHU12 e WC). Durante o crescimento exponencial (1º ao 10º dia), detectou-se alta densidade celular em H. pluvialis para o meio de cultura E. crassipes variando entre 0,4 x 105 células mL-1 e 1,7 x 105 células mL-1. Os meios de cultura foram fundamentais para o crescimento em cultivo mixotrófico. O melaço de cana-de-açúcar apresentou resultados diferentes para as duas microalgas em relação ao crescimento, aos teores de proteína e lipídio foram mais elevados para o cultivo de H. pluvialis, exceto lipídio no final do experimento onde A. gracilis apresentou quase o dobro dos níveis de lipídio. O melaço de cana de açúcar pode ser uma fonte alternativa de carbono em condições de laboratório.
In Aquaculture, the use of microalgae is fundamental in the first feeding of native fish species, since their optimal nutritional level favors survival. Successful production of microalgae under ...laboratory conditions depends on the culture medium used during the cryopreservation stage of production. Agricultural fertilizers can be used as a low-cost alternativeculture media that promotes cell growth and cryopreservation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of two culture media on population growth (PG) and post-thawing viability (PTV) of three microalgal species (Chlorellasp., Desmodesmussp., and Ankistrodesmussp.). The PG and PTV were evaluated for F/2 Guillard and Nutrifoliar® culture media. Instantaneous growth rate (K), doubling time (dt), yield (y), and maximum density (md) were evaluated for PG in both culture media. For VCP, 5 and 10 % methanol wasusedin six treatments. The PTV was classified as no cell damage (NCD), cell damage (CD), and marked lesions (ML). Population growth did not differ among microalgae (p >0.05). T1 resulted in the lowest dt for Desmodesmussp., (p <0.05). T2 showed the highest yand md for the three microalgae (p <0.05). Regarding post-thawing cell viability, the highest NCD for Chlorellasp. at day (d) 0 was similar between T3 and T4, and at d 5 it occurred in T6; for Desmodesmussp., at d 0 it occurred in T6, and at d 5 itwas similar between T6 and T1; for Ankistrodesmussp., at d 0 and d 5 it occurred in T3. It is concluded that the culture medium Nutrifoliar®, is a viable alternative and of low cost for the culture and the cryopreservation of microalgae of fresh water
En acuicultura, el uso de microalgas es fundamental en la primera alimentación de especies nativas de peces, pues su óptimo nivel nutricional favorece la sobrevivencia. El éxito de la producción de microalgas depende, entre otras, del medio de cultivo empleado. Los fertilizantes agrícolas usados como medio de cultivo son una alternativa de bajo costo que favorece el crecimiento celular y la criopreservación. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de dos medios de cultivo sobre el crecimiento poblacional (CP) y la viabilidad celular post-descongelación (VCP) de microalgas Chlorellasp., Desmodesmussp., y Ankistrodesmussp. Se evaluó el CP y VCP los medios de cultivo F/2 Guillard, y Nutrifoliar®. Para el CP en ambos tratamientos se determinó: crecimiento (k), tiempo de duplicación (td), rendimiento (r) y densidad máxima (dm). Para VCP se empleó metanol al 5 y 10 %, en seis tratamientos. La VCP se clasificó: sin daño celular (SDC), daño celular (DC) y lesiones marcadas (LM). El crecimiento poblacional fue igual para las tres microalgas (p >0,05). El T1 tuvo el menor td para Desmodesmussp (p<0,05). El T2 presentó el mayor r y dm para las tres microalgas (p<0,05).En la viabilidad celular post-descongelación, el mayor porcentaje SDC para Chlorellasp., al día (d) cero, fue similar en T3 y T4 y al d cinco fue en T6; para Desmodesmussp, al d cero fue en T6 y al d cinco fue similar en T6 y T1; mientras que, para Ankistrodesmussp, al d cero y cinco se presentó en T3. Se concluye que el medio de cultivo Nutrifoliar®, es una alternativa viable y de bajo costo para el cultivo y la criopreservación de microalgas de agua dulce
This paper theoretically examines the extent to which visual perception has excluded alternative forms of culture in World Heritage cities and towns in Spain. To do so, an initial review is carried ...out of the UNESCO framework and criteria which establishes the outstanding universal value of Spanish cities and towns. This is followed by a review of minor concepts such as informality and creativity, which are related to alternative conceptions of culture and heritage. Thirdly, a review of the literature provides an overview of the appraisal of the social value in the heritage realm. This is achieved through the Historic Urban Landscape approach, which is adapted to specific forms of local appraisal. An analysis of policy helps explain the need to review principles of protection in terms of ethical evaluations. The analysis shows that outdated policies clash with contemporary assessment and participatory methods of heritage-making.
Existe en la actualidad un creciente interés en establecer correspondencias y comparaciones entre Europa del Este y América del Sur en el campo de las artes visuales, especialmente durante el período ...comprendido entre 1960 y 1989, aproximadamente. Hay tres factores que contribuyen a justificarlo. El primero de ellos es el vínculo directo entre ambas regiones, en parte creado por las diferentes olas de migraciones en ambas direcciones y sus procesos históricos, y en parte por el intercambio cultural vinculado o no a ellas. El segundo es la constatación y análisis de una serie de puntos en común en el campo de la creación artística a partir de la década de 1960. El tercer factor es la «contemporaneidad» (Preda, 2015, 56) de «regímenes dictatoriales» en diversos países de ambas regiones en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, un contexto en el que «estrategias para lidiar con todo tipo de medidas políticas de represión fueron cultivadas simultáneamente» (Dressler, 2010).
In this paper, the metaphor of the 'heat death' is used in understanding the transformation of the alternative music scene(s) since the 1980s. Popular music is a key leisure space of modernity, and ...has been used as a space for negotiations of identity, conformity and transgression. Since the 1960s, alternative popular music has shaped the evolution of an authentic, communicative counter-cultural leisure space. The paper uses new research on online fan communities of black metal and extreme metal, and goth and post-punk, to demonstrate that the ideal of the alternative music scene as a communicative leisure space is not matched by the reality of the instrumentalization of contemporary leisure. Rather, there has been a slow metaphorically entropic shift in alternative music, from a shared subcultural and counter-cultural leisure space into one part of a globalized entertainment industry that has colonized the Habermasian lifeworld of leisure.
In 2007 the German Bundestag issued an extensive parliamentary report on “Culture in Germany” that spurred broad debates about the role of cultural institutions in urban and regional planning. ...Subsequently, these infrastructures gained particular importance in discussions on the cultural and creative industries as nodes for professional activities and marketplaces for cultural goods. By analyzing the material and discursive trajectories of alternative cultural and community centres in Germany the paper argues that economic perspectives on spaces of creativity obscure important dimensions of creative practices. Firstly, conceptions of creativity as a defining feature of occupations and economic sectors imply that creative pursuits are ultimately determined by patterns of supply and demand. Mundane activities on a day-to-day basis however show that alternative creativities are frequently driven by voluntary engagements, personal desires and affection towards people and ideas. Secondly, as studies on the creative industries offer rather current diagnoses of cultural infrastructures the historical dimension of political discussions is often missing from theses analyses. Established since the 1960s, alternative cultural institutions are conceptualized as sustainable meeting places that offer spaces for communication, self-determination and free play. Finally, creative industry thinking emphasizes specific geographical contexts for creative production. The overriding observation is one of urban agglomeration and spatial clustering. The mapping of alternative cultural infrastructures reveals a more complex and nuanced geography of non-profit creativity that encompasses material spaces in suburban and more rural areas. Cultural and community centres offer an important and sometimes occasional anchor point for creativity in these peripheries lacking publicly funded and privately financed cultural infrastructures.
The men and women dedicated to building an alternative society in the United States in the Sixties era began without a blueprint. These cultural rebels disdained the workaday life they believed ...American society demanded of them. They wanted to create a less restrained community of free individuals dedicated to new forms of wisdom and pleasure. Over time, some of these cultural radicals struggled to put their values into play by creating right livelihoods that built their sense of community and provided for economic sustainability.
▶ alternative culture add value to a place. ▶ alternative culture are used as tools for planning. ▶ creative city imply precarity. ▶ centrality is convenient (not only glamour).
As several authors ...have shown, culture is becoming a key tool of the urban planning kit. It is used by urban decision-makers to create symbolic and economic values, which are often considered as a competitive advantage for cities. Nevertheless, when so many cities are using the same strategies, to what extent does culture-led planning allow a city to distinguish itself?
Here, we ask whether alternative cultures can lead to an urban resistance against these sanitised and homogenised cityscapes. Alternative cultures provide both cultural spaces and unique urban experiences, but can also give a place a new type of symbolic value. How can these alternative cultures be used by planners to pioneer urban regeneration projects? How are they influenced by cultural policies? Are they attracting other urbanites, such as the gentrification theories argue, or do they reveal a large diffusion of conditions of works and constraints in everyday life?
Based on several examples in Paris, this paper intends to show the shift in the attitude of planners and authorities toward what we call
off cultural scenes. Increasingly, these decision-makers are accepting of and entering into discussions with
off artists, using them as pioneers in urban developments and copying their approach in new cultural projects. Many of these changes illustrate the willingness of the current mayor of Paris to promote the city as a creative and open place to work, invest, create and live. Later, this paper will analyse these changes with respect to three case studies and address several questions: How does the presence of
off artist spaces help to balance an overly sanitised urban project? What is the value of these
off spaces to cultural planning? How do
off spaces, such as artist squats, inspire new cultural policies? Do
off cultural scenes promote or generate gentrification or, rather, reveal a global socio-economic trend which re-valorises inner-city locations? Finally, our work here leads to a reappraisal and serves as a reminder of the importance of serendipity in urban life and, thus, in urban planning.
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