Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is the most economically valuable crop possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway with high water-use ...efficiency, and the second most important tropical fruit. We sequenced the genomes of pineapple varieties F153 and MD2 and a wild pineapple relative, Ananas bracteatus accession CB5. The pineapple genome has one fewer ancient whole-genome duplication event than sequenced grass genomes and a conserved karyotype with seven chromosomes from before the ρ duplication event. The pineapple lineage has transitioned from C3 photosynthesis to CAM, with CAM-related genes exhibiting a diel expression pattern in photosynthetic tissues. CAM pathway genes were enriched with cis-regulatory elements associated with the regulation of circadian clock genes, providing the first cis-regulatory link between CAM and circadian clock regulation. Pineapple CAM photosynthesis evolved by the reconfiguration of pathways in C3 plants, through the regulatory neofunctionalization of preexisting genes and not through the acquisition of neofunctionalized genes via whole-genome or tandem gene duplication.
The APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) has important roles in regulating developmental processes and hormone signaling transduction in plants. Pineapple demonstrates a special sensitivity ...to ethylene, and AP2/ERFs may contribute to this distinct sensitivity of pineapples to ethylene. However, little information is available on the AP2/ERF of pineapple. In this study, 97 AP2/ERF family members were identified from the pineapple genome. The AcAP2/ERF superfamily could be further divided into five subfamilies, and different subfamily existed functional divergence in multifarious biological processes. ERF and RAV subfamily genes might play important roles in the process of ethylene response of pineapple; ERF and DREB subfamily genes had particular functions in the floral organ development. This study is the first to provide detailed information on the features of AP2/ERFs in pineapple, provide new insights into the potential functional roles of the AP2/ERF superfamily members, and will facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of flower in pineapple.
•Ninety-seven AP2/ERF family members were identified in pineapple and classified into five distinctive subfamilies.•Synteny analysis provided support to the evolutionary characteristics of pineapple.•The majority of AcAP2/ERF genes exhibited strong reaction to ethylene induction.•Many AcAP2/ERF from DREB and ERF subfamily might play particular roles in the floral organs development of pineapple.
Bromelain is a pharmacologically active compound, present in stems and immature fruits of pineapples (Ananas cosmosus), which has been shown to have anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic ...and anti-metastatic properties. In the present study, antitumorigenic activity of bromelain was recorded in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted 2-stage mouse skin model. Results showed that bromelain application delayed the onset of tumorigenesis and reduced the cumulative number of tumors, tumor volume and the average number of tumors/mouse. To establish a cause and effect relationship, we targeted the proteins involved in the cell death pathway. Bromelain treatment resulted in upregulation of p53 and Bax and subsequent activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 with concomitant decrease in antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in mouse skin. Since persistent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is frequently implicated in tumorigenesis and is regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- Kappa B), we also investigated the effect of bromelain on Cox-2 and NF- Kappa B expression. Results showed that bromelain application significantly inhibited Cox-2 and inactivated NF- Kappa B by blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of I Kappa B alpha . In addition, bromelain treatment attenuated DMBA-TPA-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt. Taken together, we conclude that bromelain induces apoptosis-related proteins along with inhibition of NF- Kappa B-driven Cox-2 expression by blocking the MAPK and Akt/protein kinase B signaling in DMBA-TPA-induced mouse skin tumors, which may account for its anti-tumorigenic effects.
Stigma structure and receptivity in Bromeliaceae Souza, Everton Hilo; Carmello-Guerreiro, Sandra Maria; Souza, Fernanda Vidigal Duarte ...
Scientia horticulturae,
05/2016, Volume:
203
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•Two stigma types were observed in 18 species of bromeliad: conduplicate-spiral and convolute-blade.•Stigma receptivity is closely related to floral opening.•The use of the α-naphthyl acetate ...solution presented the best stigma receptivity results, also allowing the identification of the stigma receptive area.
Morphoanatomical characterization of the stigma of different species has provided important data for the taxonomy of Bromeliaceae. Stigma receptivity is fundamental for the effectiveness of reproduction in plants, and the production of hybrids by controlled pollination. This study aimed to characterize stigma morphoanatomy of 18 Bromeliaceae species, from five genera, by means of light and scanning electron microscopy, and to determine the stigma receptivity of these species. The species investigated were: Aechmea bicolor, Aechmea bromeliifolia, Aechmea distichantha, Aechmea fasciata, Aechmea nudicaulis, Ananas sp., Ananas ananassoides, Ananas bracteatus, Ananas lucidus, Ananas parguazensis, Alcantarea nahoumii, Pseudananas sagenarius, Vriesea carinata, Vriesea friburgensis, Vriesea michaelii, Vriesea paraibica, Vriesea simplex and Vriesea unilateralis. Three methods were used comparatively to determine stigma receptivity during floral opening: hydrogen peroxide, benzidine and α-naphthyl acetate. Two stigma types were observed: conduplicate-spiral in Aechmea, Ananas, Alcantarea and Pseudananas and convolute-blade in Vriesea. The stigma is trifid, formed by a unistratified epidermis, parenchyma with numerous idioblasts containing raphides, and three vascular bundles, one for each carpel. In the conduplicate-spiral stigmas type, the inner epidermal cells contain dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus, a characteristic not observed in the convolute-blade stigmas type. The stigmatic papillae vary according to species, as well as the presence of an ornamented cuticle. The longest pistil length was observed in A. nahoumii (91.75mm) and shortest in A. bromeliifolia (4.19mm). Higher stigma receptivity is observed at anthesis for the species studied, with the highest receptivity at 8 am and remaining receptive until noon, with the exception of V. unilateralis, for which the greatest receptivity was observed at midnight and extended until dawn. The use of α-naphthyl acetate was the most efficient methodology for the detection of stigma receptivity, and to identify the receptive areas of the stigma.
A major economical industrial challenge from pineapple (Ananas sp.) processing contributing to environmental pollution is the organic side-streams of pineapple. The physicochemical, proximate and ...sensory properties of organic side-stream pineapple syrup (OSPS) developed from Smooth cayenne, Sugar loaf and MD2 pineapple varieties were evaluated. Organic side-stream pineapple syrup developed from MD2 recorded the highest moisture content with a corresponding water activity. The colour change in OSPS was significant among the three varieties and Sugar loaf variety deviated from the standard yellow colour more than Smooth cayenne and MD2 varieties. This was buttress by the high Total Soluble Solids in 10% and 20% dilutions of Sugar loaf. The OSPS was acidic. In bread, incorporating 5% OSPS (w:w) of Sugar loaf recorded the highest percentage acceptability among the pineapple varieties. Interestingly, in the production of cakes with 15%, 20% and 30% OSPS, MD2 recorded the highest percentage overall acceptance. For bread and cake, there was varied significance (P < 0.05) of the sensory properties for appearance, colour, aroma, taste, texture, crust, mouthfeel and overall acceptance. Notably, cake and bread with incorporated OSPS of 15% MD2 and 5% Sugar loaf was more acceptable.
The MYB proteins comprise one of the largest families of plant transcription factors, which are involved in various plant physiological and biochemical processes. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of ...three most important tropical fruits worldwide. The completion of pineapple genome sequencing provides a great opportunity to investigate the organization and evolutionary traits of pineapple MYB genes at the genome-wide level.
In the present study, a total of 94 pineapple R2R3-MYB genes were identified and further phylogenetically classified into 26 subfamilies, as supported by the conserved gene structures and motif composition. Collinearity analysis indicated that the segmental duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of pineapple MYB gene family. Further comparative phylogenetic analysis suggested that there have been functional divergences of MYB gene family during plant evolution. RNA-seq data from different tissues and developmental stages revealed distinct temporal and spatial expression profiles of the AcMYB genes. Further quantitative expression analysis showed the specific expression patterns of the selected putative stress-related AcMYB genes in response to distinct abiotic stress and hormonal treatments. The comprehensive expression analysis of the pineapple MYB genes, especially the tissue-preferential and stress-responsive genes, could provide valuable clues for further function characterization.
In this work, we systematically identified AcMYB genes by analyzing the pineapple genome sequence using a set of bioinformatics approaches. Our findings provide a global insight into the organization, phylogeny and expression patterns of the pineapple R2R3-MYB genes, and hence contribute to the greater understanding of their biological roles in pineapple.
WRKY proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. However, little information was ...available about the WRKY genes in pineapple (Ananas comosus), an important tropical fruits. The recent release of the whole-genome sequence of pineapple allowed us to perform a genome-wide investigation into the organization and expression profiling of pineapple WRKY genes.
In the present study, 54 pineapple WRKY (AcWRKY) genes were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, the 54 AcWRKYs were further classified into three main groups with several subgroups. The segmental duplication events played a major role in the expansion of pineapple WRKY gene family. Synteny analysis and phylogenetic comparison of group III WRKY genes provided deep insight into the evolutionary characteristics of pineapple WRKY genes. Expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and real-time quantitative PCR analysis exhibited distinct expression patterns of AcWRKY genes in various tissues and in response to different abiotic stress and hormonal treatments.
Fifty four WRKY genes were identified in pineapple and the structure of their encoded proteins, their evolutionary characteristics and expression patterns were examined in this study. This systematic analysis provided a foundation for further functional characterization of WRKY genes with an aim of pineapple crop improvement.
Summary
The altered carbon assimilation pathway of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis results in an up to 80% higher water‐use efficiency than C3 photosynthesis in plants making it a ...potentially useful pathway for engineering crop plants with improved drought tolerance. Here we surveyed detailed temporal (diel time course) and spatial (across a leaf gradient) gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in the obligate CAM plant pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.. The high‐resolution transcriptome atlas allowed us to distinguish between CAM‐related and non‐CAM gene copies. A differential gene co‐expression network across green and white leaf diel datasets identified genes with circadian oscillation, CAM‐related functions, and source‐sink relations. Gene co‐expression clusters containing CAM pathway genes are enriched with clock‐associated cis‐elements, suggesting circadian regulation of CAM. About 20% of pineapple microRNAs have diel expression patterns, with several that target key CAM‐related genes. Expression and physiology data provide a model for CAM‐specific carbohydrate flux and long‐distance hexose transport. Together these resources provide a list of candidate genes for targeted engineering of CAM into C3 photosynthesis crop species.
Significance Statement
The CAM pathway represents a potentially viable option for engineering improved drought tolerance and water‐use efficiency in crop plants. Central to the success of this approach is a systems level understanding of the underlying pathways regulating CAM. Here we surveyed detailed temporal (diel time course) and spatial (across a leaf gradient) gene and miRNA expression patterns in the obligate CAM plant pineapple (Ananas comosus). Together these resources provide a model for CAM regulation, carbohydrate flux, and source‐sink relations.
The main diseases in the culture of pineapple: a review Barbosa da Silva, João Henrique; Batista Araújo, Daniele; Alves de Andrade, Francisco Hélio ...
Scientific Electronic Archives,
07/2023, Volume:
16, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Pineapple is a crop of great importance, having vitamins, minerals and capable of preventing diseases. Therefore, several researchers are interested in studying this crop, in addition to its use for ...other purposes, such as the production of juice pulp, jellies, sweets and other products, with its in natura form being the most sought after among countries. However, the attack of pathogens reduces pineapple production to worrying levels, and when not controlled, it even eradicates the entire plantation. Based on this, this review aimed to show the recent discoveries about the pineapple culture, emphasizing, mainly, the main diseases of this production chain. After gathering the main information on the most frequent diseases in pineapple production fields, we observed that fusariosis is considered the main disease of pineapple, followed by black spot, eye rot and root rot, being in short knowledge of these by producers is important in order to avoid irreversible damage. It is understood that more research is needed, since in the literature there are few field studies on this crop, especially with regard to seeking alternative means of controlling these diseases, so that the dissemination of this knowledge provides better information on agronomic interests.
Bromelain: from production to commercialisation Ramli, Aizi Nor Mazila; Aznan, Tuan Norsyalieza Tuan; Illias, Rosli Md
Journal of the science of food and agriculture
97, Issue:
5
Journal Article
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