•Friendship ties were balanced in terms of language matching, with the most common pairing was same gender, same language status, and the least common pairing was same gender, differing language ...status.•Similarity of language skill was a positive predictor of both same-gender and other-gender friendship ties.•There was noticeable between-classroom variation in the differences between same- and other-gender friendships.
The purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which child gender and language skill matching is associated with kindergarten students’ friendship selection. The study sample includes data from 987 friendship ties formed among 416 children from 21 kindergarten classrooms in four elementary schools in a large district, and we used hierarchical latent space models to estimate the relations between language match and friendship formation. Results indicate that friendship ties were balanced in terms of language matching, the most common pairing was same gender, same language status, and the least common pairing was same gender, differing language status. Similarity of language skill was a positive predictor of both same-gender and other-gender friendship ties. We discuss the implications and limitations of this study and propose future directions for research.
The SPLIT approach is a simple and efficient way to improve the spatial resolution of a super-resolved STED multi-dimensional image, i.e. a STED image in which an additional dimension encodes spatial ...information. Recently, we have demonstrated that the SPLIT can be applied to multidimensional STED images obtained with tunable depletion power. In this SPLIT-STED implementation, the additional dimension is represented by the depletion power, a parameter that can be easily tuned on any STED microscope. In this work, we introduce a modified implementation in which we tune also the excitation power. The tuning of the excitation power is used to modulate the number of photons collected for each STED image. We show that the modified SPLIT-STED method produces an improvement of spatial resolution for very different tuning patterns of the excitation intensity, improving the versatility of the SPLIT-STED approach. Interestingly, we find that the extent of photobleaching can be modulated by the excitation pattern, as it depends on the simultaneous impact of high STED and excitation powers. Thus, the tuning of the excitation power can improve applicability of the method to live cell imaging, potentially minimizing the photobleaching of the fluorophores and the phototoxicity on the biological samples during a SPLIT-STED acquisition. We apply the modified SPLIT-STED method to super-resolution imaging of nuclear periphery, in both fixed and live cells.
Asphaltene deposition in pipelines disrupts the normal transportation of the fluid produced. The deposition within the pipeline depends on the content of saturates, aromatic, resin, and asphaltenes ...(SARA) in crude oil. SARA analysis is used in the petroleum industry to estimate the stability of asphaltenes. In this study, a new set of correlations has been developed using regression analysis and the MATLAB curve fitting tool. The SARA fractions and the colloidal instability index (CII) are correlated with density, viscosity, and the combination of density and viscosity. SARA analysis data from 310 crude oil samples were used to develop the correlations while field data from 29 unique crude oils were used for validation. The best-fit correlations are selected based on statistical indicators such as the correlation coefficient (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the average absolute relative error (AARE). Asphaltene stability plots were also developed for the new density-based CII (DBCII), viscosity-based CII (VBCII), and the density-and-viscosity-based CII (DVBCII). Based on statistical indicators, analysis of results shows that the density-based correlations for the SARA fractions are relatively more accurate than the viscosity-based correlations. The R-squared value for the DBCII is 0.7031 compared to 0.3234 for the VBCII and 0.6875 for the DVBCII. However, the percentage accuracy of 83% for the DVBCII is higher than the accuracy of the existing methods. The newly developed deposition envelopes are divided into stable and unstable regions that can be used to determine the stability of the asphaltene based on the physical properties of crude oil. The newly developed correlations for each SARA fraction based on the oil density eliminate the requirement for the laborious and time-consuming SARA analysis. Therefore, it is useful to predict the stability of asphaltene based on the physical properties of crude oil.
•New developed correlations for each SARA fractions based on the oil density and viscosity.•Asphaltenes Stability Plots based on the fluid properties of the crude oil.•Validation of the correlation results with the literature data.
In the real world, group formation is ubiquitous. This group behavior is according to the species' needs; some species use it for hunting and some for protection from predators. In this paper, we ...proposed a prey-predator model with cooperative hunting among predators and herd behavior in prey, and we studied the temporal and spatiotemporal analysis. We first examine the system's positivity, boundedness, and then analyze the local stability criterion of equilibrium points. We perform Hopf–bifurcation analysis at feasible equilibrium points by considering s and α as the bifurcation parameters. With the incorporation of diffusion into the system, we derive the diffusion-driven instability of the prey-predator system. Then we performed a weakly nonlinear analysis and derived amplitude equations by considering self-diffusion as Turing bifurcation parameters. The stability analysis of these amplitude equations leads to the identification of various Turing patterns, such as spots, stripes, and mixed. Employing numerical simulations, we present the main types of patterns observed for parameters in the Turing domain. Our findings reveal that cooperative hunting, interspecific competition, and self-diffusion have important implications in the prey-predator system.
•Proposed a prey-predator system with hunting cooperation among predators and herd behavior in prey.•Studied the effect of both parameters' i.e., hunting cooperation and interspecific competition via Hopf-bifurcation.•Derived diffusion-driven instability near the Turing bifurcation threshold.•Weakly nonlinear analysis was used to derive amplitude equations.•Numerical simulations were presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Since ca the 1990s, there have been developments in the weaving process for making tin chok fabrics in the Long district, Phrae province, northern Thailand, with the aim of reducing the production ...time and increasing the production capacity with respect to poverty alleviation and cultural revitalization. In this article, the symmetry patterns in tin chok fabrics in a collection of 17 vintage (traditional) skirts held in the Komol Antique Textile Museum, in the Long district, are examined to determine how to distinguish tin chok fabrics woven by the integrated method from those woven by the traditional method. The research includes visual and symmetry analysis, literature review, fieldwork, and the creation of a pattern booklet. This research reveals that the hem, which is one of the four parts (supplementary part one, the main part, supplementary part two and the hem) of the detachable tin chok, is key to distinguishing the fabrics made by the two methods. The four parts of tin chok made by the integrated method will always have a common vertical axis of symmetry, whereas the vertical axes of symmetry of the hem of a fabric made by the traditional method may not be aligned with the motifs in the other three parts. The frieze groups of the individual parts of the 17 vintage (traditional) skirts are decoded and possible corresponding patterns for weaving by the integrated method are generated.
This research examines a type of traditional handwoven skirt from northern Thailand, with the aim of distinguishing the fabrics made by the faster integrated method from those made by the traditional method. Visual and symmetry analysis have been employed to inspect the fabric patterns, the design structure and the symmetries.
The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that determines optimal routes to enhance distribution efficiency. One of the most popular strategies in freight distribution ...is multi-echelon distribution. Multi-echelon distribution networks often apply to supply chain management, land transportation, the maritime industry, aviation, etc., and rely on VRP. This comprehensive review systematically analyses 382 papers retrieved through the Scopus database. We use a bibliometric and network analysis tool to complete a systematic literature mapping identifying key interrelationships and research clusters. The analysis depicts five main research clusters: green logistics and decision analysis, scheduling and inventory optimization, VRP for city logistics, mathematical modeling and optimization, and outbound logistics and customer service, identified based on author keywords of the systematically derived paper pool. Each cluster is provided with foundational knowledge, concepts, theories, and employed techniques. Finally, future studies are suggested to explore more comprehensive investigation in highly discussed domains like city logistics problems in e-commerce, vehicle routing problems for sustainable logistics, and technological advancement-based applications.
Auditory attention identification methods attempt to identify the sound source of a listener's interest by analyzing measurements of electrophysiological data. We present a tutorial on the numerous ...techniques that have been developed in recent decades, and we present an overview of current trends in multivariate correlation-based and model-based learning frameworks. The focus is on the use of linear relations between electrophysiological and audio data. The way in which these relations are computed differs. For example, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) finds a linear subset of electrophysiological data that best correlates to audio data and a similar subset of audio data that best correlates to electrophysiological data. Model-based (encoding and decoding) approaches focus on either of these two sets. We investigate the similarities and differences between these linear model philosophies. We focus on (1) correlation-based approaches (CCA), (2) encoding/decoding models based on dense estimation, and (3) (adaptive) encoding/decoding models based on sparse estimation. The specific focus is on sparsity-driven adaptive encoding models and comparing the methodology in state-of-the-art models found in the auditory literature. Furthermore, we outline the main signal processing pipeline for how to identify the attended sound source in a cocktail party environment from the raw electrophysiological data with all the necessary steps, complemented with the necessary MATLAB code and the relevant references for each step. Our main aim is to compare the methodology of the available methods, and provide numerical illustrations to some of them to get a feeling for their potential. A thorough performance comparison is outside the scope of this tutorial.
This study aims to analyze the novel Genduk Duku to find a position as a subject or object that experiences gender injustice and its relevance to gender-based literacy learning in high school. The ...research method used is a descriptive qualitative-critical linguistic method. The data techniques used were documentation, read, and record techniques. The data analysis technique used is the Sara Mills critical model analysis assisted by Mansour Fakih's theory of gender injustice with procedures, data reports, data classification, and data analysis. The results of the study found that the female characters in the novel, both the main character, Genduk Duku, and the supporting characters, Putri Arumardi and Tejarukmi, each took turns as actors who tell stories or who are told, all experience a form of gender, in terms of (a) marginalization, (b) subordination, (c) stereotyping, (d) verbal violence, (e) double burden in terms of women who work in the public sector and the domestic sector. This study can be integrated with gender-based literary literacy learning in high schools in terms of presenting a description of discourse that displays the practice of gender injustice and critical attitudes that students must take to change the practice of gender injustice.
Here we present an accurate microstratigraphic characterization of sheep/goat dung deposits from an ethnographic pastoral campsite located in SW Fazzan, at the border between Libya and Algeria. ...Research for referential data on current livestock contexts is essential for correctly interpreting archaeological records documented in ancient livestock spaces. Studies on herbivore faecal remains have played a key role in identifying socio-economic activities (e.g. domestic use of fuel, manuring, stabling or foddering strategies). Soil micromorphology, stable isotopes analysis (δ13C and δ15N, bulk and compound specific), and lipid analysis (n-alkane fraction) have been applied on soil samples and dung pellets in order to obtain reference biosignatures for Caprinae stabling deposits in arid and hyperarid environments, where the biological material as dung preserves very well. Information about pastoral habitat adaptations in this area, taphonomic processes of dung deposits, significant micro-features related to penning (trampling, bedding and presence of dung spherulites, druses, phytoliths, and/or microfragments of coprolites), diet, and seasonality of herd animals is herein shown.
Upgrading of skills as well as knowledge to make a new generation of high quality to be able to pursue and develop science and technology are regarded as a catalyst of economic progress that will ...improve people's welfare. Therefore, the college has an ethical responsibility to the quality of its graduates as work ability, creativity, community recognition as an absorber of human resources towards credibility. Private universities are faced with tight competition and should do anticipate to explore and improve all aspects of service that are owned, including in terms of academic services. Academic services can be interpreted as an attempt by the college to provide facilities to meet the needs of students in matters related to academic activities. This study aims to find out, observe, assess and analyze whether there are significant differences anatara academic services students of the Faculty of Economics and the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University General Achmad Yani. In this study took a sample of 149 students of the Faculty of Economics and 143 students from the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Unjani.The method of analysis used to answer the hypothesis is to use parametric statistics that comparative analysis with t test (t-test). The results of his research is the average score of students of the Faculty of Economics Unjani to attribute academic services at 73.7% (relatively high) compared to the average score of students of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of the attributes of academic services amounted to 72.6% (high enough). The difference score of 1.2% illustrate the difference. Results of calculation with the formula t-test separated sample variance relation is independent (uncorrelated) and the second variant sample is not homogeneous, known F count larger than F table (1.3> 1,271). Based on calculations by comparing t arithmetic with t table known that t t table amounted to -1.79 -0.7047 with a standard error of 7.5% (0.075), thus there are significant differences on the attributes of academic services between the students of the Faculty of Economics with the students of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Political University General Achmad Yani.
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