İnsanlık tarihinin bilinen en eski yargılama yollarından birisi tahkimdir. Eskiden beri olan bu yargılama sistemi modern hukukta da önemini korumaktadır. Tahkim taraflar arasında doğmuş veya ...doğabilecek uyuşmazlıkların devlet yargısı dışında hakem kurulu adında taraflarca seçilen özel kişi veya kişilerce çözülmesidir. Tahkim sonucunda alınan karar kesin hükümdür. Bu sebeple tahkime gidilebilmesi için geçerli bir tahkim sözleşmesi gereklidir. Geçerli bir tahkim sözleşmesi olabilmesi için belli başlı unsurların sözleşmede bulunması gerekmektedir. Tahkim sözleşmesinin geçerliliği için gerekli unsurlardan birisi de tahkime elverişli bir konunun bulunmasıdır. Her hukuk sistemi tahkime elverişlilik kavramını farklı değerlendirmiştir. Türk hukuku ise taraf iradesine dayanmayan ve taşınmaz aynına ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların tahkime elverişli olmadığını kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda öncelikle tahkimin ne anlama geldiği ve tahkim sözleşmesinin unsurları ele alınmaktadır. Ardından Türk Hukukundaki tahkime elverişlilik kavramı açıklanmaktadır. Bu açıklamalardan sonra gelişmiş ülkelerdeki tahkime elverişlilik kavramı incelenmektedir. Son olarak, taşınmaz aynına ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların tahkimde görülmesinin Türk Hukuku açısından sonuçları ve taşınmaz aynına ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların tahkimde görülebilmesi gerektiğinin nedenleri üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Arbitration is one of the oldest known ways of trial in human history. This judicial system, which has been in existence for a long time, is still important in modern law. Arbitration is the resolution of disputes that may arise between the parties or may arise by a special person or persons selected by the parties in the name of arbitration board, except for the state judiciary. The decision taken as a result of the arbitration is final. A valid arbitration agreement is required for arbitration. In order to be a valid arbitration agreement, certain elements must be included in the agreement. One of the necessary elements for the validity of the arbitration agreement is the existence of an arbitrable matter. Each legal system has evaluated the concept of arbitrability appropriately. Turkish law, on the other hand, accepted that the disputes related to the same immovable property which are not based on the will of the parties are not suitable for arbitration. In this study, first of all, the meaning of arbitration and the elements of the arbitration agreement are discussed. Then, the concept of arbitrability in Turkish Law is explained. After these explanations, the concept of arbitrability in developed countries is examined. Finally, the results of the Turkish Law in terms of the arbitration of disputes regarding the same immovable property and the reasons why disputes related to the same immovable property should be seen in the arbitration are emphasized.
Negligence means failure to extend duty of care to whom it is owed. Negligence occurs in all spheres of human life including the medical sphere and that is known as medical negligence. This work was ...undertaken to examine medical negligence, the elements of medical negligence and its arbitrability and it has through decided cases looked into different jurisdictional stands on medical negligence arbitration and the good and shortcomings of arbitrating medical negligence in such places. The findings of the research reveal that medical negligence is arbitrable and as a matter of fact has been arbitrated in some jurisdictions for over 10 years and that some countries have it embedded in their laws. Furthermore, the article revealed that arbitrability of medical negligence is common in the United States of America, United Kingdom and other jurisdictions. It further stated that arbitration of medical negligence will foster good relationship between the parties and it is less expensive than litigation. The work concluded that it is possible to arbitrate medical negligence and recommended that medical negligence should be arbitrable in all countries, however patients should be allowed time to understand the arbitration agreement and should not be forced into signing the arbitration agreement.
Este artículo tiene por objeto estudiar la arbitrabilidad objetiva en el arbitraje nacional o doméstico en Colombia, logrando proponer un catálogo o lista de asuntos que no son arbitrables con origen ...en la propia ley, en las varias decisiones que han proferido las cortes y la doctrina, adicionalmente se comentan ciertas áreas o temas que aunque sean arbitrables actualmente han resultado ser controversiales para el conocimiento de los árbitros. Luego de identificar y estudiar los asuntos que no son arbitrables en Colombia para luego referirnos a ciertos asuntos puntuales que pueden ser sometidos a arbitraje y que vale la pena destacar, se concluye que fruto de la libertad de la ley se ha construido una lista de asuntos no arbitrables en Colombia que en ningún momento pretende ser limitativa ni mucho menos taxativa pero que reflejan la evolución que ha tenido el legislador y las cortes en una construcción que no debe tener fin. Para la elaboración se ha empleado el método dogmático de investigación jurídica, que tiene en cuenta las disposiciones legales, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia de las altas Cortes en Colombia.
Following the expansion of trade oversight intensified in recent years by the United States and the European Union; Private settlement of cross-border trade disputes has faced new problems and ...challenges. One of these measures is the imposition of international sanctions, which have been used repeatedly in our country. The existence of these sanctions, of course, overshadows the contracts and agreements between the sanctioned parties and other individuals, and in many cases makes their implementation difficult or even impossible. In the present article, according to the arbitration rules of international commercial arbitration institutions, including; The Arbitration Court of the International Chamber of Commerce, the Arbitration Court of London, as well as related international conventions, in particular the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, will answer the question of what kinds of effects do sanctions impose on international commercial arbitration. The conclusion of the present study is that sanctions affect international commercial arbitration in five ways: the effect on arbitrators, international arbitration centers, implementation of international arbitral awards, contract law, and contractual parties. Sanctioning states have also generally invoked unilateral sanctions as a rule of "public order" in international commercial arbitrations in order to legally justify sanctions.
Background. The arbitrability of administrative contracts contributes to sustainable dispute resolution within the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 16 (SDG 16). However, different ...regulation of administrative contracts in comparative law affects the arbitrability of the disputes arising out of them. The question arises – is protection deserved if an administrative contract containing an arbitration clause concluded in violation of the administrative law of the governmental body or without a special approval is invalid, unenforceable, or if the company was unaware of such a requirement? This paper analyses the concept of an administrative contract and its arbitrability in Saudi Arabia and comparative law to provide for sustainable solutions.
Methods. The analysis of the applicable arbitration and administrative laws and rules is conducted with the normative method to establish the arbitrability of the disputes arising out of administrative contracts and the concept of the administrative contract. The case analysis reveals if the legislative approach causes difficulties in practice. The dogmatic method is applied to link the reasons for legislative and case law development to the current normative solutions in comparative and Saudi law. The conclusions on the existing problems and possible solutions shall be based on the analytical method.
Results and Conclusions. Government contracts are of great importance and their exclusion from arbitration contradicts the set goal of sustainable dispute resolution mechanism. Differences in comparative law in terms of the notion of the administrative contract and the arbitrability may diminish the positive effects of arbitration in administrative contracts, as they may endanger equal access to dispute resolution as part of the sustainable development goals, be enforceable, or even cause discrepancies between states that annul the arbitration awards and others that still enforce the awards despite their annulment.
Abstract
The cornerstone of public policy debate opens the door for arbitral tribunals to deal with antitrust disputes. It has long been a controversial issue whether antitrust disputes related to ...commercial contracts could be arbitrable, given the lack of clarity under Chinese law. China’s Supreme People’s Court in Shell v Huili has seemingly provided important but paradoxical guidance on non-arbitrability. Arguably, the ruling may be incompatible with the doctrine of international comity in the current transnational dispute resolution mechanism. It is argued that the operation costs for all stakeholders would be considerably reduced if China could integrate into the established international track.
Article 139 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which restricts and binds the referral of litigation regarding public and State property to arbitration, for obtaining an approval ...from the government and the parliament, has led to different views and legal opinions. In general, they can be categorized into “literalist” and “realist” theory”. The result of literalist theory is that article 139 applies to any dispute that on the one hand, there is the State, and it has been agreed upon by arbitration and thus if any dispute exists, it will be resolved by arbitration in which, it should obtain an approval from the government and the parliament, otherwise, the arbitration will not be valid. According to this view, article 139, in general, is not economically beneficial for the State and therefore it must be thought upon. In contrast, there is the realist theory which can be a response to the literalist theory and holds that, with a rational and principled interpretation, the principle can be freed from the problems which are arisen by former theory and also the dynamics of principle 139 is useful for the State in terms of national interest
EL ARBITRAJE CONCURSAL EN CHILE Lehuedé, Eduardo T. Jequier
Revista chilena de derecho,
2020, Volume:
47, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
La nueva ley concursal chilena, Nº 20.720, incorpora la figura del arbitraje concursal como cauce de solución de las controversias que surjan durante la tramitación de los procedimientos concursales, ...tanto de liquidación como de reorganización. Constituye una herramienta novedosa, tanto en Chile como para el derecho comparado, cuya insuficiente regulación, sin embargo, plantea una serie de interrogantes que la ley no resuelve, lo que se ha traducido en la nula aplicación del instituto arbitral en este ámbito. Este trabajo aborda esos problemas y ofrece algunas respuestas.
The new Chilean bankruptcy law, No. 20.720, incorporates the figure of bankruptcy arbitration as a channel for resolving disputes that arise during the processing of insolvency proceedings, both liquidation and reorganization. It is a novel tool, both in Chile and for comparative law, whose regulation raises various questions that the law does not resolve, what has resulted in the null application of the arbitral institute in this area. This work addresses these problems and offers some answers.
Article 139 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which restricts and binds the referral of litigation regarding public and State property to arbitration, for obtaining an approval ...from the government and the parliament, has led to different views and legal opinions. In general, they can be categorized into “literalist” and “realist” theory”. The result of literalist theory is that article 139 applies to any dispute that on the one hand, there is the State, and it has been agreed upon by arbitration and thus if any dispute exists, it will be resolved by arbitration in which, it should obtain an approval from the government and the parliament, otherwise, the arbitration will not be valid. According to this view, article 139, in general, is not economically beneficial for the State and therefore it must be thought upon. In contrast, there is the realist theory which can be a response to the literalist theory and holds that, with a rational and principled interpretation, the principle can be freed from the problems which are arisen by former theory and also the dynamics of principle 139 is useful for the State in terms of national interest.
Abstract
Doing business abroad within the framework of commercial agency or distribution agreements presents not only several financial and commercial challenges but also legal ones, raising ...questions about the applicable law, jurisdiction, and particularly the arbitrability of disputes arising out of commercial agency agreements governed by Jordanian law. The purpose of this article is to highlight selected aspects of Jordanian commercial agency law from the perspective of private international law in Jordan. It aims to discuss the applicable law and jurisdiction pertaining to international commercial agency agreements subject to Law No. 28 of 2001 on Commercial Agents and Intermediaries as a mandatory law. The article highlights the recent different methodological approaches adopted by the Jordanian Court of Cassation in dealing with commercial agency agreements, which can be described as heterogeneous, controversial, and traditional; they are tainted with dogmatic traditions and at odds with the Court's own grundnorms.
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