The intent of this Special Issue is to provide a framework with which scientists in several different disciplines, related to phase-contrast and dark-field imaging, can illustrate their ideas and ...results. The articles are reviews or very recent scientific reports; they address newcomers in the field, as well as experts and professors in fields of X-ray physics, electron, and phase-contrast X-ray imaging.
Numerous ancient texts describe human sacrifices and other forms of ritual killing: in 480 BC Themistocles sacrifices three Persian captives to Dionysus; human scapegoats called pharmakoi are ...expelled yearly from Greek cities, and according to some authors they are killed; Locrin girls are hunted down and slain by the Trojans; on Mt Lykaion children are sacrificed and consumed by the worshippers; and many other texts report human sacrifices performed regularly in the cult of the gods or during emergencies such as war and plague. Archaeologists have frequently proposed human sacrifice as an explanation for their discoveries: from Minoan Crete children's bones with knife-cut marks, the skeleton of a youth lying on a platform with a bronze blade resting on his chest, skeletons, sometimes bound, in the dromoi of Mycenaean and Cypriot chamber tombs; and dual man-woman burials, where it is suggested that the woman was slain or took her own life at the man's funeral. If the archaeologists' interpretations and the claims in the ancient sources are accepted, they present a bloody and violent picture of the religious life of the ancient Greeks, from the Bronze Age well into historical times. But the author expresses caution. In many cases alternative, if less sensational, explanations of the archaeological are possible; and it can often be shown that human sacrifices in the literary texts are mythical or that late authors confused mythical details with actual practices.Whether the evidence is accepted or not, this study offers a fascinating glimpse into the religious thought of the ancient Greeks and into changing modern conceptions of their religious behaviour.
The article is devoted to the collection of stove tiles, originated from archaeological objects on the territory of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra National Preserve.The collection includes stove units of XV–XIX ...centuries, which illustrate important aspects of history Kyiv-Pechersk Monastery and partly a history of Ukrainian tiles’ industry. The material is structured according to the chronological periodization of tiles’ evolution. The earliest findings are pot-like tiles (XV–XVI centuries) and tiles with a half-sphere external bend in the centre of the base.Chronologically next group is the series of findings of early tablet tiles ХVІ–XVII centuries. They are decorated with the sacral or myth stories, anthropomorphic or teratological figures, and element of Ancient Rus’ symbols.The biggest group is tiles of XVIІ–XVIII centuries includes a wide range of products of different types and styles. The tile of the specified period is characterized by the most complete representation both in terms of typological varieties and in terms of stylistic variants of decoration of products.
The ending of Ukrainian tiles industry is illustrated by XIX century tiles.
In this article, we worked on the brightest examples of stove tiles from the territory of Kyiv-Pechersk monastery. We also compared them with the synchronic examples from Pechersk. This data deserves further examining and may include different aspects.One of them is to try to make more clearly chronological differentiation of the collection, linking them to the particular periods of monastery’s history or to the particular household objects of monastery structure.It should be mentioned, that the findings need conservation and restoration. As far as it will be done, the findings could be full museum collection.
A Cabinet of Roman Curiosities is a serendipitous collection of odd facts and opinions about life and culture in ancient Rome, gleaned from a wide body of ancient evidence.
Anadolu'da Antik dönemden itibaren camın varlığı bilinmektedir. Roma ve Bizans devri camları üzerine birçok yayın bulunmasına karşılık; Selçuklu camcılığı hakkındaki bilgilerimiz son derece ...sınırlıdır. XII.-XIII. yüzyıllara ait Selçuknâmeler, minyatürlü yazmalar ve vakfiyeler gibi tarihî kaynaklarda doğrudan cam üretimine yönelik bilgiler yoktur. Bu kaynaklarda geçen camcılıkla ilgili meslek isimleri ve cam kapların kullanıldığını gösteren dolaylı bilgiler; Anadolu Selçuklu döneminde de camcılığın varlığına işaret etmektedir. Bu açıdan İbn Bibi'nin Selçuknâmesi, Sahip Ata'nın Sivas Gök Medrese vakfiyesi ve Konya İmaret vakfiyesi ilginç ipuçları vermektedir. Ayrıca Kubad-Abad Sarayı kazılarında ele geçen cam tabak üzerindeki kitabede II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev'in adının geçmesi, Selçuklu sarayı için cam kapların üretildiğini ortaya koyar. Anadolu'da resimlendikleri anlaşılan bazı yazmalardaki minyatürlerde cam kapların yer alması da Selçuklu devrinde bu tür eşyaların üretildiği görüşünü desteklemektedir.
This volume is based upon a conference which took place in 1999, reflecting the developing interest in intertidal archaeology and concentrating on the Neolithic period, as well as elements of ...associated Mesolithic and Bronze Age archaeology. Since then, the papers have been revised to include new discoveries and reflect the increasing interest and importance attached to the intertidal zone. All papers have supporting environmental data and radiocarbon dates. The volume has a wide geographical spread and details the work of archaeologists working in fragile and rapidly eroding environments is evaluated: the papers demonstrate the high quality research being undertaken around the British coast to salvage archaeology by record and undertake detailed research to place it in its proper context.
Excavations carried out from 1984-1985 at Ditches in Gloucestershire identified a large, late Iron Age enclosure which contained a remarkably early Roman villa. This long awaited excavation report ...reinterprets this evidence in the light of more recent studies of the late Iron Age-Roman transition. It extends our understanding of the Ditches-Bagendon-Cirencester oppida complex, and corroborates the latest thinking on the nature of Romanisation. New conceptions are challenging the significance of the Claudian invasion of AD 43, suggesting that Roman political influence in southern Britain was much more important than commonly thought decades before this. The Roman take-over was a long drawn-out process, which began especially with intimate links between Caesar and his successors and the dynasts they supported or implanted in Britain on the other. High status archaeological sites are central to these relations, including the so-called oppida , developed in southern Britain in the decades between Caesar's raids and the Claudian occupation. Ditches provides further corroborative evidence. Several phases of Romano-British building were uncovered, revealing an unusual sequence of development for a villa in the region and representing an exceptionally early villa beyond south-east England. Discoveries included a well-preserved cellar and a range of finds, including Gallo-Belgic wares, Iron Age coins, coin moulds, Venus figurines and brooches indicating high-status occupation. The form and date of the villa also provides evidence of connections between the late Iron Age elites and communities of southern England and Gaul. Further evidence suggests the villa was abandoned in the later second century AD, emphasising the unusual sequence of the site.
The automatic or semi-automatic research of archaeological findings includes several methodologies and algorithms of computer vision. The reconstruction of a scene is one of the key steps to meeting ...that challenge. This paper addresses a methodology for the reconstruction of underwater scenes with mosaicing techniques. The reconstruction of various scenes will be a video mosaic of sea-bottom landscapes starting from single video frames. The methodology is based on the evaluation of optic flow between frames, and its motion estimation has been evaluated on features extracted from the common areas of pairs of consecutive frames. This approach takes the motion model from a geometric projection framework. The estimation of camera movement is a second key point in the mosaicing problem. The methodology used should be robust enough to produce a good performance because of the high level of noise and turbulence involved in sea-bottom video acquisition. For this purpose, geometrical transformations have been used to map each frame into a unique big common reference frame with dimensions similar to that of the union of frames.
Nümizmatik bilminin, tarihe yardımcı bilimler arasında seçkin bir yeri vardır. Bazen rastgele
ele geçen küçük bir sikke, ciltlerce kitapta yer almayan tarihi bilgilerin bir anda gün ışığına çıkmasını ...sağlar. Tarihi malzeme olarak son derece önem taşıyan sikkeler, aynı zamanda insan topluluklarının devletleşme sürecine girdiğinin de bir işaretidir. Çünkü para bastırmak hem geçmişte hem de günümüzde önemli bir hakimiyet sembolüdür. Kurulan bir devletin siyasi statüsü, ekonomik durumu, hakimiyet sahası, hakimiyet süresi, diğer devletlerle olan etkileşimi ve hattâ sanat ve estetik anlayışı ve düzeyi gibi pek çok unsur sikkelerden elde edilen değerli veriler arasında yer alır. Warren C. Schaultz, bu çalışmada Şikago Üniversitesi Şarkiyat Enstitüsü Müzesi’nde bulunan Eyyubî (1174-1250) ve Memluk (1250-1517) devletleri dönemine ait 47 adet sikkeyi belli açılardan tanımlamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra bu sikkelere, daha önce Eyyubî ve Memluk sikkeleri üzerinde en kapsamlı çalışmalardan birini gerçekleştiren Paul Balog katalogundaki benzerlerini de referans olarak göstermiştir.
Tarihçilikte Kurgan diye bilinen kültürün ön-şekli olarak kabul edilen ve bugüne kadar
kökenleri pek çok tartışmaya maruz kalmış Seredniy stoh ve Yamnaya kültürlerinin yaratıcıları hususunda hakim ...olan bilimsel yargının onların bir Hint-Avrupa menşeine sahiptir görüşünü benimsemesine karşın gerçekte bu halkın etnik aidiyetleri çözülmüş olmaktan uzaktır. Bu çetrefilli meseleyi başka bir açıdan değerlendiren Stetsyuk kendi araştırmaları neticesinde sözkonusu kültürlerin asıl sahiplerinin Türk dilli halk olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Bu makalede yazar bahsolunan kültürlerin en göze çarpan özelliklerine çok fazla ayrıntıya girmeden, yüzeysel bir şekilde değinmekte ve yazar, kesin bir şekilde Türkler’e atfettiği her iki kültürün ışığında Türk türeneğini Kuzey Karadeniz bozkırlarına yerleştirmektedir.
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