Memristor, a passive circuit element got tremendous research attention for its in-memory computation. In this study, it was identified that controllable resistive state transitions exist within a ...single memristor. On the basis of this realisation, a simple but unconventional implementation of memristive up and down counters was presented. Furthermore, a dual up–down counter was developed, which can mimic any real-time process variations. To demonstrate its practical application, a counter-based memristive automatic irrigation system was explicated, which provided optimised utilisation of electrical and water resources. The proposed study opens up a new purview in the area of future non-Von Neumann computer architectures and its potential electronic applications.
This work develops a novel automatic irrigation system to implement the customized and accurate watering for an individual seedling. The system integrates the modules of visual recognition of the ...stem-leaf junction, identification of the stem-root junction as the watering point, and control of the spraying nozzle. The model of YOLOv3 is employed to screen the stem-leave junction of an orchid seedling, whose depth map then acquired by the method of Semi-Global Block Matching (SGBM) extracts the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the junction center. Next, the concept of leaf vector is introduced to identify the stem-root junction of the orchid seedling as the accurate watering point, which the spraying nozzle is controlled to reach for supplement of the specific amount of water. A number of experiments were conducted to verify the proposed irrigation system for orchid seedlings at different locations with various heights. The experimental results show that the rates of successful watering are 82% and 83.3% for the uni-pot and multi-pot orchid seedlings, respectively.
The monitoring of water requirement in irrigation areas is mostly performed by on-farm methods like utilization of soil probes, tensiometers, or neutron probes. The probes are placed into the soil ...collected from different depths of the root zone of the crop. But such procedures are found to be time-consuming. As a result, non-portable capacitance-based probes were nowadays utilized for monitoring of soil moisture. However, the sensor-based non-portable system is expensive and out of reach of ordinary farmers. But an absence of on-time monitoring of soil moisture in the root zone of the soil often results in crop failure and incurs a substantial loss on the cultivators. In the present investigation, a real-time inexpensive water monitoring system was proposed to monitor soil moisture in the root zone of a crop such that both time and expenditure can be reduced. The present study is an attempt to develop a real-time monitoring process for crop water requirement (CWR) in protected farm irrigation systems as a function of the significant parameters such as soil porosity (SP), water availability, crop biomass equivalent (CBE), frequency of nutrient application, frequency of irrigation, and CWR. A systematic literature review was performed to identify parameters for CWR, which were then selected by a relevant group of experts on the field. A two-step methodology was followed to develop a function that can automatically estimate water requirement in the root zone of the crop. In the first step, a new probability optimization technique (POT) was proposed for the identification of the priority value of the selected parameters to generate an ideal scenario. In the second step, the index, developed from the parameters and respective priorities selected in the first step, was predicted recurring to polynomial neural network models. The implementation of the nonlinear transfer function in the development of the neural network framework ensures generation of a platform-independent model, which can be embedded to monitor watering requirement for crops cultivated in a protected farm concept. The data of SP and CBE were retrieved from two separate indices (index of soil porosity and biomass index) calculated from images captured from the root and surface areas of the crops. Here, the POT method was used followed by the
z
score of priority function of the selected parameters estimated by polynomial networks and was fed for the calculation of the water requirement index (WRI). The normalized relative difference of the WRI of two consecutive days provides the information about the necessity of watering and accordingly, the crops in the system are irrigated. The results from the decision-making method indicated that the most significant parameter among the compared factors is CWR. The peak pixel value of each column of the image, for retrieving information from captured images and to identify soil porosity and biomass, was found to be the most contributing factor. The polynomial neural network (PNN) model trained with the information from POT method was found to be the best predictive variant among all the considered configuration of the model having a mean absolute accuracy of 99.08% during the testing phase of the PNN model. This real-time system, when implemented in a real-life scenario, can conserve both water and energy expended in running the watering networks of protected farms.
The supervision and monitoring of agricultural variables are crucial to ensure crop success and maximize production. With the advancement of technology, precise and effective data collection systems ...have been developed, which have improved decision-making in crop management. In the specific case of blueberries, up-to-date information on factors such as soil moisture and environmental variables is required to enable farmers to carry out proper management. Based on this necessity, this article deals to develop an automated irrigation and control system based on tracking the most relevant variables in irrigation and fertilization decision-making. Starting with the design of independent and self-sustaining measurement modules that collect real-time data through on-site sensors and the implementation of an irrigation control system to ensure uniformity throughout the crop. The system was installed and tested in a blueberry crop, generating a database of different uniform irrigation timings. This system can be used as a foundation to test different types of controllers aiming to optimize water and fertilizer consumption.
The countries whose economies are built on agriculture and where the meteorological circumstances cause a lack of rain and a scarcity of water served as the inspiration for this paper. The ongoing ...requirement to monitor over-irrigation is one of the many issues farmers encounter in their regular farming tasks. In this paper, a idea is put out that involves developing a system to fully automate irrigation so that farmer need not work hard. The goal is to install a wireless sensor network in the field that will gather information about soil moisture and monitor weather and send instructions to turn on the water pump if the level drops below a predetermined threshold. The system has been improved by incorporating rain prediction into the architecture. This improves the efficiency of the system to use rain water when it is available.
A small inexpensive (less than $1000) container yard, measuring 10 x 10 ft square, with an automatic irrigation system was designed for schools participating in the Louisiana State University Coastal ...Roots Program: A School Seedling Nursery Program for Habitat Restoration. Students helped install the container yard on their school site and oversee native plant production through the course of the school year. Teachers and other school staff checked the nursery during summer months to ensure that the irrigation system was working properly and the plants were healthy. Students grew 1000 restoration seedlings per year in their container yard. Each year they transplanted their seedlings and grass plugs on trips to habitat restoration sites across Louisiana's coastal zone. Since the inception of the program in 2000, the students using this container yard design have produced nearly 24,500 trees and shrubs and over 8000 grass plugs.
Design of Solar Powered Automatic Irrigation System Das, Piyali; Patton, Chichanben; Devi, S Farishta ...
2020 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT),
2020-July
Conference Proceeding
This study was conducted with few objectives of design a microcontroller based solar powered automatic irrigation system (AIS) model. To quantify the paddy field water content of and as well to ...provide adequate water supply in the right paddy- field areas. In agricultural areas this may help for the production of crops as well can prevent the wastage of energy. To provide an efficient design to the farmers is the main objective of this paper.
Automatic Irrigation System with Data Log Creation Shrivastava, Abhilash; Rajesh, M.
2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT),
2018-April
Conference Proceeding
Water being a crucial resource should be judiciously used, especially when it comes to agriculture. It has been seen that right amount of water helps the farmer to have a good yield and the quality ...is also better. The paper proposes a technique to automate the irrigation system using Arduino Mega 2560 along with GSM 800L which is controlled through a mobile application module and create a log of the sensor data collected from the field on a webpage.
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