Abstract This study aims to improve the nutritional quality of venison floss by modifying the the technology process of floss making with adding red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus L) and kebar grass ...extract (Biophytum petersianum) as a source of natural antioxidants. The results showed that the nutritional value of floss was influenced by the use of these herbal. Supplementation of antioxidant is to potentially extend the shelf-life of floss as indicated in decreasing the value of water activity (Aw) and thiobarburic acid (TBA). The Aw value decreased from 0.756 to 0.701, and TBA decreased from 0.139 to 0.055 mg/kg. The protein of floss increased from 33.20 to 35.60%. The result also showed that the content of antioxidant increased which is indicated by the increasing of beta-carotene content from 0.0087 mg /100 gram to 0.81 mg/100 gram. Results also showed that the use of red fruit oil extract and kebar grass extract decreased the content of saturated fatty acids, meanwhile in unsaturated fatty acids it increased arachidonic fatty acids. Keywords: Antioxidant; Beta-caroten; Kebar grass; Red-fruit oil; Venison floss. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi abon daging rusa dengan memodifikasi proses teknologi produksinya dengan penambahan ekstrak minyak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus L) dan ekstrak rumput kebar (Biophytum petersianum) sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai nutrisi produk olahan daging dipengaruhi oleh adanya penambahan senyawa antioksidan. Pemberian suplementasi bahan sumber antioksidan meningkatkan daya awet pada abon yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan nilai aktivitas air (Aw) dan nilai thiobarburic acid (TBA). Nilai Aw abon menurun dari 0,756 menjadi 0,701, dan nilai TBA-nya menurun dari 0,139 menjadi 0,055 mg/kg. Nilai nutrisi terjadi pada nilai protein yang meningkat dari 33,20 menjadi 35,60%. Sebagai sumber antioksidan terlihat pada peningkatan kandungan beta-karoten dari 0,0087 mg/100 gram menjadi 0,81 mg/100 gram. Faktor penting lainnya dengan penggunaan ekstrak minyak buah merah dan ekstrak rumput kebar yakni adanya penurunan yang signifikan pada kandungan asam-asam lemak jenuh, akan tetapi pada asam-asam lemak tidak jenuh terjadi peningkatan pada asam lemak arakidonat. Kata kunci: Abon rusa; Beta-karoten; Herbal antioksidant; Minyak buah-merah; Rumput kebar.
Indigofera zollingeriana is one of legumes has a great potential to be used as an animal feed having high quality nutrients and is tolerant to different environmental conditions. The objective of ...this experiment was to study the effect of different row spacings between individual plants on growth pattern, forage yield, and quality of I. zollingeriana. Field experiment was conducted at Field Laboratory of Agrostology, Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural University, during the growing season of 2015/2016. The 4 spacings levels used were 1 x 1.5 m; 1 x 1 m; 1 x 0.75 m; and 1 x 0.5 m. The treatment was arranged in a completely randomized block design, with 4 replicates. Variables in this research were plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, plant population for each plot, fresh and dry matter yields, and forage quality. The results showed that narrow plant spacing increased plant height, plant population, fresh and dry weights, dry matter yields, as well as NDF and β-carotene contents. The wider the plant spacing the greater the number of branches and leaves per plant. It was concluded that increasing plant population by narrowing plant spacing remained the most effective way to increase Indigofera forage yield without negative effects of it on nutritive values, i.e., crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ADF, and TDN.
1. The main idea of the open clinical trial was to compare the income and outcome clinical picture and the evolution of the biochemical markers in the defined intervals in closed head injury group ...patients. 2. In the group of 32 patients, mean age 40.78+/-15.36 years suffering from closed traumatic brain injury the following markers were measured: glycaemia, malondialdehyde (MDA) as marker of lipid peroxidation, beta-caroten, total SH groups as marker of protein oxidation in the following intervals: between the 1st and the 3rd, between the 3rd and the 7th, between the 1st and the 7th day respectively. 3. Glycaemia significantly decreased since the 1st day till the 3rd day (p < 0.05) and since the 1st day till the 7th day (p < 0.05) but it was not significantly changed since the 3rd day till the 7th day (p > 0.05). 4. MDA 1st x MDA 3rd p > 0.05 insignificant change, MDA 1st x MDA 7th p < 0.001--high significant decrease, MDA 3rd x MDA 7th--p < 0.0001--very high significant decrease. 5. Beta-caroten the 1st x beta-caroten the 3rd day was insignificantly changed-p > 0.05, the 3rd x the 7th day beta-caroten increased significantly--p < 0.0002, the 1st day x 7th day beta-caroten significantly increased--p < 0.0001. 6. We examined the SH groups only in nine patients, due to technical problems and SH groups decrease on the 3rd day (p < 0.005). 7. In 18 amantadine sulphate subgroups (randomly selected), there was 5.5% lethality and mean outcome GCS (outGCS) 9.83+/-3.8, while lethality of the control subgroup (n=14) was 42.9%, mean outGCS 6.28+/-3.5.
Advances in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, as well as increased understanding of the mechanisms of the disease, have provided and will certainly continue to provide enormous benefit to affected ...individuals. At the same time, interventions that may prevent common cancers from developing in healthy people could, at least in theory, afford even greater benefits to society as a whole. The hypothesis that antioxidant vitamins might reduce cancer risk is based on a large body of both basic and human epidemiologic research. A large number of case-control and cohort studies provide remarkably consistent data suggesting that consumption of foods rich in antioxidant vitamins reduce risks of developing epithelial cancers. These data raise the question of a possible role of antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, and beta carotene, in the primary prevention of cancer as well ar cardiovascular disease but do not provide a definitive answer. Despite the lack of clear benefit, there has been a rapid increase in the consumption of supplements of these micronutrients. Limited randomized trial data on the role of supplemental antioxidants are available. A number of randomized trials are currently underway designed to test the hypothesis that antioxidants prevent chronic diseases and to evaluate the long term safety of the widespread practice of supplementation. Well designed and well conducted large-scale randomized trials are necessary to provide a definitive positive or negative result on which public policy can be based, or a null result that is truly informative and that can then safely permit the rechanneling of already limited resources to other areas of research.
Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) characterized by impaired social interaction & communication & restricted & repetitive behavior. The incidence of ASD is 1–2%, &it increases to 10–20% in families ...predisposed to ASD. There is no effective way to treat or prevent ASD, and only symptomatic treatment with limited efficacy is available. Oxytocin (Oxt) enhances affiliative behavior & improves social cognition. Social deficits characteristic of autism may be related to dysfunctional Oxt neurotransmission. Thus, Oxt may relieve ASD, however it has a short plasma half-life & poor Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability. CD38, a multifunctional ecto-enzyme expressed in brain & immune cells, is critical for social behavior via regulation of Oxt secretion. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) , a potent inducer of CD38 & improves social behavior, but it is toxic & teratogenic. We have shown that beta-carotene has similar therapeutic effect. The present study aimed to investigate the activity of novel beta-carotene derivatives in rescuing low sociability in BTBR mice, providing an in vivo “proof of principle” that beta-carotene derivatives are potential agents to prevent/ameliorate the reappearance of ASD in high-risk populations for ASD. Beta-carotene & its synthetic analogs administered orally to newborn BTBR mice with ASD associated like behavior. After 2 months, they tested by cognitive (T-maze spontaneous alteration and neurological score) and behavioral tests (reciprocal social interaction, repetitive grooming / bedding behavior), indicators for autistic behavior. Serum Oxt; gene expression in hippocampus & hypothalamus of CD38, Oxt, Oxt receptor, BDNF, & retinoic acid receptor. The most effective compounds, were (3R,3’R)-astaxanthin bis(N-Cbz-l-alanine ester) (3B(and (3S,3’S)-astaxanthin bis(N,N-dimethylglycine ester (5),without neurological symptoms. Thus, beta-carotene derivatives may have the potential to prevent and/or ameliorate autistic symptoms when administered orally after birth to newborns of families predisposed to autism.
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•Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction & communication, restricted & repetitive behavior.•The incidence of ASD is 1–2%, & increases dramatically to 10–20% in families predisposed to ASD.•There is no effective way to treat or prevent ASD, & only symptomatic treatment with limited efficacy available.•Oxytocin (Oxt) enhances affiliative behavior & improves social cognition. Social deficits characteristic of autism related to dysfunctional Oxt neurotransmission.•Oxt may relieve ASD, however it has short plasma half-life & poor Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability.•Beta-carotene derivatives may have potential to prevent and/or ameliorate autistic symptoms when administered orally after birth to newborns of families predisposed to autism.
Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction & communication as well as restricted and repetitive behavior. The currently reported incidence of ASD is 1–2%, and it increases dramatically to 10–20% in families predisposed to ASD. To date, there is no effective way to treat or prevent ASD, and only symptomatic treatment with limited efficacy is available. Oxytocin (Oxt) enhances affiliative behavior and improves social cognition. Social deficits characteristic of autism may be related to dysfunctional Oxt neurotransmission. Thus, administration of Oxt may relieve ASD, however it has a short plasma half-life and poor Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability. CD38, a multifunctional ecto-enzyme expressed in brain and immune cells, was found to be critical for social behavior via regulation of Oxt secretion. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of CD38 and improves social behavior, but it is toxic and teratogenic. We have shown that beta-carotene has a similar therapeutic effect.
The present study aimed to investigate the activity of novel beta-carotene derivatives in rescuing low sociability found in BTBR mice, providing an in vivo “proof of principle” that beta-carotene derivatives are potential agents to prevent/ameliorate the reappearance of ASD in high-risk populations for ASD.
Beta-carotene and its synthetic analogs were administered orally to newborn BTBR mice with ASD associated like behavior. After 2 months, they were tested (at dosages of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) by cognitive (T-maze spontaneous alteration and neurological score) and behavioral tests (reciprocal social interaction, repetitive grooming / bedding behavior), previously shown as indicators for autistic behavior. The following biochemical and molecular biology parameters were also examined: serum Oxt; gene expression in hippocampus and hypothalamus of CD 38, Oxt, Oxt receptor, BDNF, and retinoic acid receptor. The new compounds were significantly more effective than control. The most effective compounds, both in the behavioral tests and in their biochemical effects, were (3R,3′R)-astaxanthin bis(N-Cbz-l-alanine ester) (3B(and (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin bis(N,N-dimethylglycine ester (5). They did not exert any neurological symptoms.
Thus, beta-carotene derivatives may have the potential to prevent and/or ameliorate autistic symptoms when administered orally after birth to newborns of families predisposed to autism.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that serum carotenoids are potent antioxidants and may play a protective role in the development of chronic diseases including cancers, cardiovascular ...disease, and inflammatory diseases. The role of these antioxidants in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study examined data from a cross-sectional survey to investigate the association between serum carotenoids and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Study participants were adults aged >/=25 y (n = 1597) from 6 randomly selected cities and towns in Queensland, Australia. Study examinations conducted between October and December 2000 included fasting plasma glucose, an oral-glucose-tolerance test, and measurement of the serum concentrations of 5 carotenoid compounds. RESULTS: Mean 2-h postload plasma glucose and fasting insulin concentrations decreased significantly with increasing quintiles of the 5 serum carotenoids--alpha-carotene, {szligbeta}-carotene, {szligbeta}-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene. Geometric mean concentrations for all serum carotenoids decreased (all decreases were significant except that of lycopene) with declining glucose tolerance status. {szligbeta}-Carotene had the greatest decrease, to geometric means of 0.59, 0.50, and 0.42 micromol/L in persons with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose metabolism, and type 2 diabetes, respectively (P < 0.01 for linear trend), after control for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Serum carotenoids are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism. Randomized trials of diets high in carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruit are needed to confirm these results and those from other observational studies. Such evidence would have very important implications for the prevention of diabetes.
The pequi oil has red-orange color due to carotenoids content. Possible chemical modifications on these compounds during processing may influence physical modifications to the product when this oil ...is submitted to heating. This study aimed to use kinetic parameters to evaluate carotenoids degradation and color change of the pequi oil submitted to heating at frying temperature. To evaluate the effect of heating, pequi oil was heated at 180°C in 10 minutes increasing intervals until one hour Analyses were performed for total carotenoids and color and these results were used to determine kinetic parameters. Along the heating the carotenoids content was almost completed degraded and consequently, the color changed significantly. Kinetics of carotenoids degradation was of first order and the color change was of zero order These kinetics reflected the visual observations of pequi oil samples obtained after each treatment.
The pequi oil has red-orange color due to carotenoids content. Possible chemical modifications on these compounds during processing may influence physical modifications to the product when this oil ...is submitted to heating. This study aimed to use kinetic parameters to evaluate carotenoids degradation and color change of the pequi oil submitted to heating at frying temperature. To evaluate the effect of heating, pequi oil was heated at 180°C in 10 minutes increasing intervals until one hour Analyses were performed for total carotenoids and color and these results were used to determine kinetic parameters. Along the heating the carotenoids content was almost completed degraded and consequently, the color changed significantly. Kinetics of carotenoids degradation was of first order and the color change was of zero order These kinetics reflected the visual observations of pequi oil samples obtained after each treatment. Key words: savanna, pequi oil, frying, oil changes, β-carotene, kinetics parameters. O azeite de pequi possui coloracao vermelhoalaranjada devido a presenca de carotenoides. Possiveis alteracoes quimicas nesses compostos durante o processamento podem influenciar em modificacoes fisicas do produto que ocorrem quando este e submetido ao aquecimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar parametros cineticos para avaliar a degradacao de carotenoides e a alteracao de cor do azeite de pequi submetido ao aquecimento em temperatura de fritura. Para avaliar o efeito do aquecimento, o azeite de pequi foi tratado termicamente a 180°C em intervalo crescente de 10 minutos ate uma hora de aquecimento. Realizaram-se as analises de carotenoides totais e cor e com esses resultados determinaram-se os parametros cineticos. Ao longo do aquecimento, o teor de carotenoides foi praticamente todo degradado e consequentemente a cor foi bastante alterada. A cinetica de degradacao dos carotenoides foi de primeira ordem e da alteracao de cor foi de ordem zero. Essas cineticas refletiram as observacoes visuais das amostras do azeite de pequi obtidas depois de cada tratamento. Palavras-chave: cerrado, azeite de pequi, fritura, alteracoes em oleo, β-caroteno, parametros cineticos.
Se desarrollaron los procesos tecnológicos para la extracción de beta-caroteno y glicerol a partir de Dunaliella sp. en la Salina "Las Cumaraguas". Se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente esta microalga. ...Se estableció el flujo tecnológico del proceso partiendo de datos de laboratorio. Se realizó el balance de materiales y los cálculos energéticos necesarios. Para poder dimensionar los equipos donde se lleva a cabo la separación a escala piloto que permita la producción de una tonelada de beta-caroteno. Se evaluaron dos alternativas: extracción con solventes orgánicos y extracción con fluido supercrítico. El procedimiento permitió establecer que es posible la extracción de beta-caroteno y glicerol mediante los esquemas tecnológicos presentados con un rendimiento de beta-caroteno de biomasa: 15, 4 % y rendimiento de glicerol de la biomasa: 5 % para la extracción convencional y un rendimiento de beta-caroteno de los pigmentos: 70 % y rendimiento de glicerol de la biomasa: 5 % para fluido supercrítico.
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