This paper extends the discussion of business ethics by examining the issue of corruption, its definition, the solutions being proposed for dealing with it, and the ethical perspectives underpinning ...these proposals. The paper's findings are based on a review of association, think-tank, and academic reports, books, and papers dealing with the topic of corruption, as well as the pronouncements, websites, and position papers of a number of important global organizations active in the fight. These organizations include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Transparency International, USAID, the United Nations, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Organization of American States, and the Council of Europe. Our discussion departs from prior analyses by adopting a Foucaultian theoretical framing and by incorporating insights found in the virtue ethics literature. Implications are provided for international business organizations.
This paper argues that economic agents, including corporations, have the duty to further justice, not just a duty merely to comply with laws and do their share. The duty to further justice is the ...requirement to assist in the establishment of just arrangements when they do not exist in society. The paper is grounded in liberal theory and draws heavily on one liberal theorist, Kant. We show that the duty to further justice must be interpreted as a duty of virtue that is owed. This means that the duty is not enforceable but that violating this duty is still wrong and not merely non-virtuous. Our analysis has consequences for the morality of commercial life. It is often suggested that the morality of the market is a special, restricted morality that is leaner than the morality that agents must acknowledge outside the market. If our analysis is correct, the duty to further justice cannot be exempted from market morality, even if it is agreed that this must be leaner than the morality outside commercial life. Our analysis also has direct consequences for John Ruggie's view on the responsibilities of (internationally operating) businesses. Ruggie has never explicitly acknowledged a duty on the part of business enterprises to further justice. If our analysis is correct, his view is contradictory in that it presupposes the normative validity of free market enterprise yet shrinks from taking into account the conditions of its possibility.
The unethical behavior of several prominent organizational leaders at the start of this millennium and the subsequent fallout from the media, customers, and employees have brought business ethics to ...a more prominent place within the vision of company executives. However, the day-to-day tasks of leading an organization and the lack of any research-based knowledge of how to lead and manage company ethics often preempt the opportunity to give priority to ethics at the corporate level. Executive leaders could benefit from a framework with which to evaluate current and to create new corporate ethical management systems (CEMSs). This book offers such a framework called the Moldable Model, a system of consistent components that give busy executives a framework and a guide to build an organization-specific CEMS. This book teaches organizational leaders how to design ethical workplaces utilizing the role modeling, context, and accountability components. In a step-by-step process, the author guides the reader through the research-based components with definitions, ethical leadership theory, research findings, explanations, and the practical application of those components through suggested organizational activities. Readers can expect to develop ethical tools such as a code of ethics, an ethical decision-making ladder, a list of ethical leader attributes, and a complete CEMS for implementation into their specific organizations. Each chapter ends with application exercises, and there are several case studies at the end of the book to aid the reader in the use of these ethical tools. In just a few hours, a busy executive can have the knowledge and tools to design an ethical workplace with the tremendous results discussed in this book.
Editor’s Introduction
Originally published in Volume 20, Number 2, Fall 1976, pages 1-6. William Baumol (born 1922) is not only one of the most influential living economists but is also one of the ...profession’s most prolific writers. During his career, Professor Baumol has written or edited more than eighty books and authored several hundred academic journal articles across an impressive range of topics including; entrepreneurship, portfolio theory, industrial organization, public policy, and the history of economic thought. He is perhaps most well known as one of the originators of the Baumol-Tobin model of the transactions demand for money. Along with long-time collaborator, Alan Blinder, Professor Baumol is also the author of a series of college textbooks that are extensively adopted throughout the United States and the world. He currently holds the Harold Price Professor of Entrepreneurship at New York University, where he has taught for the past thirty-seven years, and is a Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Economist at Princeton University. In this article, Professor Baumol shares his insights on two competing schools of thought as he compares and contrasts the views of Adam Smith and Karl Marx on the role of capitalists, the market mechanism, and the public good.
This article examines the self-reflexion of Slovenian entrepreneurs to their own business activity, with a focus on their core values and virtues, which would consequently affect the performance, ...growth and development of entrepreneurship in Slovenia. The article starts with a theoretical understanding of organizational values and moral virtues of entrepreneurs and review of the recent empirical studies as the basis on which it is possible to achieve the explanation of the attitude of Slovenian entrepreneurs towards entrepreneurship. We have conducted our own empirical quantitative study on the representative sample of Slovenian entrepreneurs (n = 114). Using the obtained results, we tried to verify the six hypotheses. We were particularly interested in those hypotheses that presuppose the entrepreneur who highly appreciates and respects the values and virtues of an ethical businessperson in practice, will be more economically successful. Based on the results of our research we indicated that the Slovenian entrepreneurs are largely aware of the relevant organizational values and moral virtues, although this is not always obvious in their actions in everyday business practices. The article concludes with an interpretation of the results and discussion of the prospects and challenges for further exploration of the topics covered. Adapted from the source document.
Odredba kojom se dopušta ugovaranje valutne klauzule u Republici Hrvatskoj uvedena je Zakonom o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o obveznim odnosima 1994. godine u cilju ostvarenja načela razmjernosti ...činidaba, radi tadašnje potrebe zaštite vjerovnika zbog deprecijacije nacionalne valute. Ujedno se nisu propisala ograničenja u primjeni iste, koja u okolnostima promjene vrijednosti valute za koju je tražbina vezana, može dovesti do neravnomjernosti u pravima i obvezama stranaka.
U ovom radu obrazložit će se ekonomski, društveni i pravni ciljevi uvođenja zakonodavnih rješenja o valutnoj klauzuli te značaj pravnih pravila poslovnog morala kao ograničenja dodijeljenih prava na temelju valutne klauzule tijekom trajanja ugovornog odnosa. U tu svrhu razgraničit će se građanskopravni odnosi prema općim pravilima obveznog prava od onih posebnih sadržanih u pravu zaštite potrošača i trgovaca te će se obrazložiti njihov odnos. Nastavno, ispitat će se mogućnosti zaštite od nepoštenja u postupanju tijekom ugovornog odnosa s valutnom klauzulom prema tim posebnim granama prava u hrvatskom, europskom i međunarodnom pravu. Rad će se osvrnuti i na recentnu sudsku praksu koja u ugovorima s valutnom klauzulom nalazi bitne elemente aleatornosti, a koja isključuje primjenu načela moralnog sadržaja zbog promjene vrijednosti valorimetra. Zaključno, na temelju rezultata rada, autori će odgovoriti na pitanje ograničavaju li opća načela moralnog sadržaja primjenu valutne klauzule tijekom ugovornog odnosa.
Svjetska konferencija UNCED-a, održana ljetos u Rio de Janeiru, pokazala je da su današnji ekološki problemi tijesno povezani s gospodarstvom jer upravo su najveći zagađivači i uništavaoci okoliša ...pokazali najmanje spremnosti da u gospodastvu primijene ono što bi značilo rješenje najtežih ekoloških problema. Zato je važno da razmislimo o poslovnom, gospodarskom moralu kakav zahtijevaju današnji ekološki problemi. Gospodarstvo treba podrediti čovjeku s obzirom na temeljne dimenzije njegove biti. Treba ga podrediti i ekološkim zahtjevima jer nema zbiljske antropocentričnosti bez kozmocentričnosti. To, pak, zahtijeva nove, holistične nazore na svijet i novi životni stil. U pitanju je nova - ekološka, kozmička - duhovnost, koja treba oblikovati čovjekovo mišljenja i djelovanje, između ostalog i na gospodarskom području.
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