The recent outbreak of major economic, environmental and social incidents (e.g. privacy leakage, corruption) has put the blooming airline industry under spotlight. However, scant studies examined the ...trends and changes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices through CSR reporting on the economic, environmental and social dimensions in the aviation industry. To fill the gap, the current study examines the economic, environmental and social themes of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards on CSR communication of the global airlines. Quantitative content analysis is adopted for analyzing and comparing the CSR themes in 105 CSR reports of 21 airlines in major leagues from 2013 to 2017. Our findings indicated a salient growing trend in CSR reporting in the economic dimension while GRI 201-Economic Performance was the most significantly reported sub-topic. Our study has also compared the CSR reporting practices between the APEC based airlines and EU based airlines. The results indicated that focus of CSR reporting was different in the two regions. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of how global airlines communicate their CSR practices and respond to stakeholders' expectations via CSR reporting. This study informs both academics and practitioners about the changing trends of CSR development and reporting in the airline industry worldwide.
One of the primary measures of information systems (IS) success that has been the subject of much investigation in a variety of contexts is information quality (DeLone & McLean, 1992; 2003). This ...paper hones in on the impact of perceived information quality in the context of the financial markets, where quality of accounting information is particularly important, as it informs investment decisions and impacts stock prices. In particular, seminal accounting research has consistently found that earnings announcements possess informational value (information content) based upon which the market reacts (Beaver, 1968). Market reaction to surprises in earnings announcements has long been used to understand the quality of the earnings announced and studies have explored various factors affecting the response. The current study adds to this body of research by factoring in the perceived quality of the information systems environment. We hypothesize that information reported by companies known for developing and employing sophisticated IT systems is weighed more heavily by investors. We conduct an analysis of stock price before and after earnings announcement surprises among firms known for sophisticated IT systems. Results provide direct support for our hypothesis, indicating that the market reacts more strongly to earnings surprises (both positive and negative) reported by innovative users of IT as compared to less innovative users of IT.
El mundo afronta problemas que afectan a todos los países y sus habitantes. El desarrollo sostenible es una forma de abordar dichos problemas a los cuales la gestión empresarial y las profesiones no ...son ajenos. Por lo tanto, el estudio parte de formular la pregunta “¿cuáles son relaciones entre las diferentes dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible y los ámbitos de actuación de los contadores públicos?”. Para resolverla, se busca establecer la relación de los ámbitos de la profesión de contador público con las dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible. Desde lo teórico, se fundamenta en el concepto general de lo sostenible, y diversos enfoques y metodologías que detallan sus elementos. Lo central del método es un estudio descriptivo, analítico y relacional a partir de fuentes teóricas, para plantear como resultado una caracterización de las relaciones entre la contaduría púbica y las dimensiones del mencionado concepto. La conclusión general gira en torno a la definición de cuatro categorías de relaciones de lo ya expuesto.
The main aim of this study is to investigate the influence of institutional investors’ ownership (INOW) on firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting in Saudi Arabia. Using data on ...ESG reporting from the Bloomberg database for 206 Saudi-listed firms spanning the period from 2010 to 2019 and employing ordinary least squares regression (OLS), the results show a significant and positive association between INOW and ESG reporting. When institutional investors are classified into government and privately managed institutions, the research findings clearly show that only government-managed institutional investors (Govt_IO) are linked to ESG reporting in a positive and significant way, whereas there is no significant association between privately managed institutions (Prvt_IO) and ESG reporting. In addition, when the ESG score is disaggregated by individual pillars, we find Govt_IO is positively associated with environmental score and social score. These results suggest that the association between INOW and ESG varies depending on the types of INOW, as well as the ESG components. Even after several additional analyses, including tests for endogeneity, the main results of this study still hold.
This paper measures the effect of disclosure quality of integrated business reports on the predictive power of accounting information and firms’ value in the Egyptian Stock Market. In order to ...achieve the research objectives, the research relies on content analysis approach in examining the annual reports of the companies listed in the Egyptian Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2018. The study depends on measuring the independent variable i.e. disclosure quality of the integrated business reports on building up a disclosure index consisting of 45 items in 8 groups equally weighted, whereas; dependent variables which represents the predictive power of accounting information measured by adopting three different methodologies; namely Accounting Conservatism, Share Prices, and Discretionary Accruals. Concerning to firm value, the study uses Tobin’s Q model to measure the relationship between the quality disclosure of the integrated business reports and the firm value. The results indicate that the quality disclosure of integrated business report leads to increase accounting conservatism and share prices, whereas the statistics analysis reports a negative effect towards discretionary accruals indicating that the quality disclosure of integrated business report leads to decrease in discretionary accruals.
In times of the pandemic and the beginning of the energy crisis, the financial situation of enterprises operating in the energy generation sector may be a problem. This sector includes companies that ...generate energy in different ways and from different sources. The aim of this study is to determine the general financial situation of enterprises in the energy sector listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The subject of the paper are the annual financial reports of these entities for the years 2015–2021. Tree hypotheses were formulated regarding various aspects of the financial situation of the entities under study. The following research methods were used in this paper: analysis of the literature on the subject and financial statements, and methods of descriptive statistics. The indicators of liquidity, profitability, debt and activity were calculated. The values of the maximum, minimum, median, upper and lower quartiles, the arithmetic mean, kurtosis and skewness were then calculated for each indicator. The increase in energy prices was influenced by the high rate of economic growth and the so-called post-epidemic inflation. This, in turn, was reflected in the performance of companies in the energy sector, resulting in increased profitability. The research carried out by the authors confirmed that the sector financial indicators of energy enterprises with a dominant share of private capital are concentrated closer to the average value than enterprises with a dominant share of the State Treasury. The financial situation of coal power engineering companies is more stable than that of renewable energy companies.
This study is an in-depth exploration of the nascent field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), and it concentrates on the vital task of distinguishing ...between human-generated text and content that has been produced by AI models. Particularly, this research pioneers the identification of financial text derived from AI models such as ChatGPT and paraphrasing tools like QuillBot. While our primary focus is on financial content, we have also pinpointed texts generated by paragraph rewriting tools and utilized ChatGPT for various contexts this multiclass identification was missing in previous studies. In this paper, we use a comprehensive feature extraction methodology that combines TF–IDF with Word2Vec, along with individual feature extraction methods. Importantly, combining a Random Forest model with Word2Vec results in impressive outcomes. Moreover, this study investigates the significance of the window size parameters in the Word2Vec approach, revealing that a window size of one produces outstanding scores across various metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall and the F1 measure, all reaching a notable value of 0.74. In addition to this, our developed model performs well in classification, attaining AUC values of 0.94 for the ‘GPT’ class; 0.77 for the ‘Quil’ class; and 0.89 for the ‘Real’ class. We also achieved an accuracy of 0.72, precision of 0.71, recall of 0.72, and F1 of 0.71 for our extended prepared dataset. This study contributes significantly to the evolving landscape of AI text identification, providing valuable insights and promising directions for future research.
Increasingly, good quality and safe working conditions that promote employee health are expected by stakeholders. The aim of this study is to examine the extent and quality of occupational health and ...safety (OHS) reporting in the Top 100 companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). Method: Publicly available annual reports from the Top 100 ASX companies were reviewed using a policy scorecard against five dimensions drawn from the Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 2012–2022. The dimensions were: OHS information, legislation, leadership, work health disorders, prevention and best practice. Results: Mean rank scores of high and low-risk industry sectors were compared. High-risk sectors provided more explicit coverage of OHS information across all five domains in comparison to low-risk sectors (p > 0.05). The Information Technology sector scored the lowest across all five dimensions. Conclusion: Higher quality reporting from those in high-risk sectors may be influenced by stakeholder expectations, as well as industry norms. The current analysis suggests that relying on stakeholders to drive improved reporting may be problematic, as those industries that are perceived to have a low OHS risk profile may not consider the need to provide transparent reporting on their strategies to ensure they are providing good quality working conditions.
Recent years have witnessed many developments that extended to an increase in the information needs of users of financial reports. This resulted in the inability of financial reports to provide an ...adequate view of the overall performance of companies due to their focus on the financial aspect only, which is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of investors and other stakeholders, which increased with it the demand by stakeholders for non-financial information, and consequently the need to develop the accounting information system with its outputs represented in reports and financial statements to keep pace with the rapid development and changes in the contemporary business environment. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of accounting disclosure according to integrated business reports on maximizing the value of the company and the cost of capital in Iraq Stock Exchange using a sample of 27 observations in the time period from (2016) to (2019) distributed among the sectors (communication, services, agriculture, trade, industry, tourism and hotels). The study followed the descriptive analysis using descriptive statistics methods represented by (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) to form a clear picture of the nature of the study variables, then the methods of inferential statistics represented by (Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression) to test the three hypotheses of the study. Descriptive statistics indices were calculated for the data of the independent variable (accounting disclosure according to integrated business reports), which was measured by three quantitative indices including: (disclosure of corporate governance, disclosure of social responsibility, disclosure of future information), and dependent variables (cost of capital, value of the company). The study concluded that accounting disclosure indices according to integrated business reports contribute to achieving many benefits as a result of what disclosure provides according to integrated business reports from an overview of the company's strategy and the extent to which it is related to the company's ability to maximize value, which is effectively reflected on the quality of the company's profits and the reduction of its cost capital.
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