V príspevku so predstavljeni termini v sopomenskih dvojicah in nizih v poimenovalnem sistemu z izhodiščnim terminom celica, ki je iztočnica v Slovenskem medicinskem slovarju. Številni pojmi so ...poimenovani z dvema ali več termini, ki se razlikujejo po prevzetosti prvin, strukturi, tvorjenosti in pomenotvornih lastnostih. Tipološko raznovrstnost izkazujejo tudi sopomenski kratični termini in termini z izlastnoimensko prvino. Ob sopomenskih dvojicah iz prevzetega in neprevzetega termina kot pričakovanem tipu so tudi dvojice iz samo prevzetih ali samo neprevzetih terminov. Dvojic s samo neprevzetimi prvinami je najmanj. Sopomenski nizi so iz po sestavi in izvoru različnih terminov z istimi ali različnimi pomenskosestavinskimi lastnostmi. Po številu podtipov se približujejo sopomenskim dvojicam.
Yamanasaurus lojaensis gen. et sp. nov. is a new titanosaur (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Alamor-Lancones Basin, southern Ecuador. The fossil remains were found in rocks of ...the Río Playas Formation, which is regarded as Campanian–Maastrichtian in age. Remains include a partial sacrum, a partial mid-caudal vertebra, and several associated limb bones. Yamanasaurus is characterized by: (1) anterior to mid-caudal vertebrae with a dorsoventrally compressed condyle, with the posterior tip elevated respect to the midline, no longitudinal ventral ridge, and spongy inner structure with absence of internal cavities (i.e., camellate bone, shared with Neuquensaurus); (2) last sacral centrum as long as tall, with small ovoid, shallow blind fossa on the lateral side; and (3) radius robust with flattened diaphysis and a marked neck or cingulum right under the epiphysis, with an heptagonal concave proximal surface. Morphology, size, and age suggest that Yamanasaurus is closely related to Neuquensaurus, being the northernmost saltasaurine known by far.
The Cretaceous Alamor-Lancones Basin is located in the forearc region of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. The eastern (Río Playas) domain includes the upper stratigraphic levels of the 1800 m ...thick basin-fill succession. Sedimentological, provenance and chronostratigraphic analyses of the Río Playas region help to elucidate the Late Cretaceous to Eocene evolution of the forearc region in southern Ecuador and neighboring regions.
The oldest strata of the Río Playas region include Lower Cretaceous volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits of the Celica and Alamor formations, which were deposited in an arc-related extensional basin. These units are unconformably overlain by the Coniacian to Maastrichtian El Naranjo and Casanga formations. Lithofacies described for the El Naranjo and Casanga formations include sandy debrites, sandy turbidites, silty-muddy turbidites, sandy slumps, clast-supported debrites and rafted blocks. These lithofacies association suggests a deepwater submarine fan depositional environment.
Provenance analyses for the Casanga and El Naranjo formations, including heavy mineral and petrographic data, show that these formations were derived from erosion of a volcanic arc and a minor granitic and metamorphic source terrane. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages for the Casanga Formation indicate contributions from Santonian age sources, which partially overlap stratigraphic ages, suggesting volcanism contemporaneous with deposition. In addition, paleocurrent analyses indicate sediment transport to the southeast, pointing to a sediment source along the South American margin.
Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Paleocene Sacapalca Formation overlie the Casanga and Naranjo formations in angular unconformity. The Sacapalca Formation passes transitionally into fluvial sandstone, conglomerate and red beds of the Río Playas Formation. Overall, the succession recorded a transition from volcanic to alluvial fan deposition. Heavy mineral and sandstone QFL analyses show a significant input of metamorphic detritus in the Río Playas Formation, which indicates derivation from the Cordillera Real. This interpretation is also supported by detrital zircons of Proterozoic age. The change from submarine fan deposits of the El Naranjo and Casanga formations to the nonmarine Río Playas Formation suggests exhumation in response to an important tectonic event, likely deformation related to collision of the Caribbean Plateau to South America at 73–70 Ma.
•Provenance analyses of the Río Playas region elucidate the Cretaceous to Eocene evolution of the Alamor-Lancones Basin.•El Naranjo and Casanga formations were deposited by sediment gravity-flows in a deep-marine environment.•The volcanic record of Sacapalca Formation shows volcanic arc migration from Early Cretaceous to Paleocene time.•Río Playas Formation was deposited in an alluvial fan environment.•Exhumation of Alamor-Lancones Basin was driven by collision of the Caribbean Plateau.
Background: In different human adult tissues and organs embryonic-like stem cells have already been found. A question is whether they are present also in the adult human ovary. In this study we tried ...to find whether embryonic-like stem cells are present in the ovarian surface epithe- lium of women with premature ovarian failure, and whether these cells can differentiate into oocytes by in vitro culture. Methods: In 10 women with premature ovarian failure the ovarian surface epithelium was laparo- scopically scraped. We tried to immunomagnetically isolate embryonic-like stem cells from the suspension of scraped cells and to confirm their existence immunocytochemically by the expression of the markers c-kit and surface antigen SSEA-4, characteristic of pluripotent stem cells. In the lab, we tried to differentiate stem cells into oocytes in a cell culture medium with added heterologous follicular fluid from the in vitro fertilization programme, which is rich in substances, and important for oocyte growth and maturation. The differentiation of oocyte-like cells was screened. Oocyte-like cells were isolated from the cell culture and im- munocytochemically stained for oocyte-specific markers (c-kit, VASA, ZP2-zona pellucida). Oocyte-like cells were analyzed for the expression of oocyte-specific genes (Oct-4A, ZP3, c-kit, SCP-3) by single-cell PCR. Results: From the ovarian surface epithelium of all patients small yellow coloured cells with diam- eters of 2 to 4 μm and positive for markers of pluripotent stem cells were isolated. In the lab, these cells were cultured into oocyte-like cells with diameter ranging from 60 to 80 μm. Some of oocyte-like cells were positive for oocyte-specific markers and expressed the genes, characteristic of oocytes, including meiotic genes. Conclusions: In patients with premature ovarian failure it is possible to culture oocyte-like cells from ovarian surface epithelium stem cells. Intense research is needed to evaluate the quality of oocyte-like cells developed in vitro and to estimate their potential use for in vitro fertilization in the far future.
A reappraisal of the “Late Cretaceous Yunguilla Formation” of the Cuenca area enables the definition of four distinct formations, correlatable with those of southwestern Ecuador. A mid- to ...late-Campanian marine transgression (Jadán Formation) is overlain by quartz-rich conglomerates of fan-delta to turbiditic fan environment (Quimas Formation) of latest Campanian–earliest Maastrichtian age, which are interpreted as evidence of the accretion of a first oceanic terrane (San Juan). Disconformable, arkosic turbidites and cherts (Tabacay Formation) of early Maastrichtian age are thought to represent the erosion of the newly accreted oceanic terrane. A major unconformity of late Maastrichtian age, caused by the accretion of a second oceanic terrane (Guaranda), is followed by the deposition of quartz-rich micaceous shelf sandstones (Saquisilí Formation) of Paleocene age. A third accretion event (late Paleocene) is recorded in coastal Ecuador. Each accretion event correlates with the uplift and erosion of the Eastern Cordillera and with a sedimentary hiatus in the eastern areas. In Ecuador, accretion of oceanic terranes contributed to the build up of the Andes through tectonic underplating of low-density material, and the eastern areas did not behave as flexural foreland basins during late Cretaceous–Paleogene times.
The “Celica–Lancones” forearc Basin of southern Ecuador and northern Peru is located between the Paleozoic Amotape–Tahuin Massif to the west and NW and the continental volcanic arc to the east and ...SE. The study of nine sections and exhaustive sampling of the poorly fossiliferous, mainly clastic Cretaceous deposits of this Basin allowed us to define five distinct series, which display two depositional periods.
The first period corresponds to the development of an Early (?) and Middle Albian carbonate shelf, interrupted during Late Albian times by the creation of a tectonically generated trough filled by turbidites of Late Albian–Coniacian age. Geological mapping indicates that this “Celica–Lancones Basin
s.s.” includes distinct tectonic units, characterized by distinct early Late Cretaceous stratigraphic series and separated by major faults. These units can be grouped into two main paleogeographic domains. The southeastern one comprises mainly volcaniclastic deposits, whereas the northwestern domain exhibits quartz-rich deposits.
Between Early Coniacian and Middle Campanian times, the “Celica–Lancones Basin
s.s.” forerarc trough was deformed and eroded as a result of the Late Cretaceous “Peruvian” tectonic phase. The second period corresponds to the latest Cretaceous, during which a new forearc basin was created (Paita–Yunguilla Basin), which is much wider and strikes obliquely with respect to the Celica–Lancones Basin. The sediments of the Paita–Yunguilla Basin exhibit a comparable succession of Campanian–Maastrichtian age throughout the area and conceal the tectonic juxtaposition of the early Late Cretaceous tectonic units. The occurrence of thick Early(?) Maastrichtian coarse-grained conglomerates and breccias express a new significant tectonic event.
La “cuenca” de ante-arco de Celica–Lancones del Suroeste de Ecuador y Noroeste del Perú está ubicada entre el Macizo paleozoico de Amotape–Tahuin al Oeste y el arco volcánico continental al Este y SE. El estudio de una decena de secciones de campo y el muestreo de estos depósitos cretácicos mayormente clásticos y poco fosilı́feros permite definir cinco series distintas, que evidencian dos perı́odos de depositación.
El primer perı́odo corresponde al desarrollo de una plataforma carbonatada de edad Albiana inferior (?) a medio, interrupido en el Albiano superior por la creación de una cuenca turbidı́tica tectonicamente activa. El mapeo geológico demuestra que la “Cuenca Celica–Lancones
s.s.” incluye unidades tectónicas distintas con diferentes series estratigráficas de edad Cretáceo superior temprano, separadas por fallas mayores. Las unidades pueden ser agrupadas en una provincia paleogeográfica suroriental caracterizada por depósitos mayormente volcanoclásticos, y un dominio noroccidental marcado por depósitos clásticos ricos en cuarzo detrı́tico.
Entre el Coniaciano inferior y el Campaniano medio, la cuenca de “Celica–Lancones
s.s.” fue deformada y erosionado (“Fase Peruana” del Cretáceo superior). El segundo perı́odo corresponde al Cretáceo terminal, durante el cual se formó una nueva cuenca de ante-arco (Cuenca Paita–Yunguilla) caracterizada por una serie Campano-Maastrichtiana homogénea en toda el área, que sella la yuxtaposición tectónica de las unidades pre-santonianas. Más luego, la ocurrencia de potentes conglomerados y brechas de grano grueso en el Maastrichtiano (?)temprano espresa un nuevo evento tectónico importante.
The eastern part of the “Celica basin” of southwesternmost Ecuador exhibits Late Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments which belong to the magmatic arc paleogeographic zone. Important N-S to NE-trending ...faults separate a western, mainly Late Cretaceous series (Río Playas) from an eastern succession (Catamayo-Gonzanamá) of (?) Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary age. The analysis of these sediments indicates a complex geologic history, which recorded the main stages of the early tectonic evolution of the Andes.
In the Río Playas area, a submarine andesitic volcanic pile (Celica Fm) represents the products of a volcanic arc of probably Albian age. It is apparently overlain by a thick, early Late Cretaceous series of volcanic flows and coarse-grained volcaniclastic high-density turbiditic beds (Alamor Fm), the deposition of which might result from the Mochica phase (late Albian-early Cenomanian) Deformation, uplift and erosion (early Peruvian phase) are followed by the sedimentation of unconformable marls and greywackes of marine open shelf to deltaic environment. These comprise Santonian and/or Campanian fine- to mediumgrained deposits (Naranjo Fm), abruptly overlain (late Peruvian phase ?) by fan-delta coarse-grained marine deposits of latest Cretaceous age (Casanga Fm) They are locally capped by undated, partly volcaniclastic red beds, indicating an important regression/uplift of latest Cretaceous-early Tertiary age.
In the Catamayo-Gonzanamá area, thick subaerial andesitic volcanic rocks (Sacapalca Fm) are intruded by Paleocene to early Eocene plutons and are overlain by undated fluvial red beds. They express uplift movements of latest Cretaceous-early Tertiary age. To the South, these are capped by slumped lacustrine black shales and greywackes of possible Maastrichtian-Paleocene age (Gonzanamá Fm) Farther north, the Sacapalca volcanics and red beds are overlain by variegated shales, sandstones and conglomerates, dated as latest Oligocene-early Miocene (Catamayo Fm) They are eroded by an angular unconformity and capped by early Miocene volcanics and sediments, which express an early Miocene deformation phase. The apparent sedimentary hiatus including most of Eocene-Oligocene times is interpreted as a result of the late Paleocene and late Eocene Incaic tectonic phases.
La parte oriental de la “Cuenca Celica” del Suroeste ecuatoriano presenta sedimentos del Cretáceo superior al Terciario, que pertenecen a la zona paleogeográfica del arco magmático andino. Importantes fallas de dirección N-S separan una serie occidental, mayormente del Cretáceo superior (Río Playas), de una serie oriental (Catamayo-Gonzanamá) de edad Cretaceo superior (?) y Terciario inferior. El análisis de estos depósitos evidencia una historia geológica compleja, que registró las etapas principales de la evolución tectónica precoz de los Andes.
En la zona de Río Playas, volcánicos andesíticos submarinos (Fm Celica) representan los productos de un arco magmático de probable edad albiana. Parecen ser sobreyacidos por una serie potente de coladas volcánicas y turbiditas volcano-clásticas de alta densidad (Fm Alamor) Su deposición podría ser relacionada con la fase tectónica Mochica del Albiano superior-Cenomaniano inferior. Estas rocas fueron levantadas y erosionadas (fase Peruana temprana) antes del depósito discordante de margas de plataforma marina y grauacas deltaicas. Estas comprenden depósitos de grano fino de edad Santoniano y/o Campaniano (Fm Naranjo), abruptamente sobreyacidos (fase Peruana tardía ?) por conglomerados marinos de cono aluvial costero (fandelta) del Cretáceo terminal (Fm Casanga) La serie se termina localmente con capas rojas no datadas, en parte volcanoclásticas, que indican una regresión y/o un levantamiento de edad Cretáceo terminal o Terciario inferior.
En la zona de Catamayo-Gonzanamá, una espesa serie de rocas volcánicas andesiticas subaéreas (Fm Sacapalca) está intruida por plutones del Paleoceno a Eoceno inferior, y sobreyacida por capas rojas fluviátiles no datadas, que expresan un levantamiento importante en el Cretáceo superior-Terciario inferior. Hacia el Sur, están sobreyacidas por lutitas negras y grauacas lacustres de posible edad maastrichtiana-paleocena, con deformaciones sinsedimenatrias (Fm Gonzanamá) Hacia el Norte, los volcánicos y capas rojas Sacapalca están sobreyacidos por lutitas, areniscas y conglomerados abigarrados, datados del Oligoceno terminal a Mioceno inferior (Fm Catamayo) Estos están erosionados por volcánicos y sedimentos del Mioceno inferior, lo que indica una deformacián de edad Mioceno inferior. El hiato aparente de gran parte del Eoceno-Oligoceno está interpretado como una consecuencia de las fases tectónicas incáicas del Paleoceno superior y Eoceno superior.
This paper takes into consideration both the osteological materials in the flat and tumular necropolises uncovered at Celic Dere. Despite the importance of this site and the valuable inventory ...discovered, the skeletons were found in a very precarious state. Therefore field measurements and observations were of great importance when processing the materials. No skull or post-cranial skeleton could be fully reconstructed as to provide complete information. However, significant traits were found on some individuals, thus enabling us to ascribe them to certain anthropological types: mediteranoid, dinaroid and protoeuropoid.
Rezumat: Lucrarea se referǎ la materialul osteologic descoperit atât în necropola planǎ, cât si în cea tumularǎ, ambele descoperite la Celic Dere. În ciuda importanţei acestui sit şi a valorii inventarului descoperit, cele mai multe dintre schelete se aflau în stare de conservare necorespunzătoare. De aceea, mǎsurǎtorile şi observaţiile efectuate în teren au jucat un rol important în prelucrarea materialului. Niciun craniu sau schelet post-cranian nu au putut fi reconstituite în întregime, pentru a obţine o informaţie completǎ. Totuşi, pe unii indivizi, s-au putut identifica o serie de elemente semnificative, care au permis atribuirea lor unui anumit tip antropologic. Tipurile mediteranoid, dinaroid si, de asemenea, protoeuropoid, au fost identificate în necropolele mai sus amintite.
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