Der starke Mann Polens ist Jarosław Kaczyński. Er bestimmt die Richtlinien der Politik. Doch Kaczyński ist weder Präsident noch Ministerpräsident. Macht verleiht ihm seine Partei. Worauf aber gründet ...seine Autorität? Kaczyński ist kein glänzender Redner, keine imposante Erscheinung. Dennoch beruht seine Herrschaft auf Charisma. Seine Anhänger folgen ihm, weil sie seine außergewöhnliche Härte, seine moralische Integrität und seine Unbeugsamkeit schätzen. Kaczyński will radikal verändern. Sein nationalkonservatives Denken soll kulturelle Hegemonie erlangen. Er sieht sich als Kommandant einer belagerten Festung, der die Schwachen schützt und die Starken nicht fürchtet.
Political Leadership, Nations and Charisma Ibrahim, Vivian; Wunsch, Margit
Political Leadership, Nations and Charisma,
2012, 20120329, 2012-03-29, 20120101, Volume:
7
eBook, Book
This ground-breaking and innovative book examines the influence of charisma on power, authority and nationalism. The authors both apply and challenge Max Weber's concept of 'charisma' and integrate ...it into a broader discussion of other theoretical models.
Using an interdisciplinary approach, leading international scholars draw on a diverse range of cases to analyse charisma in benign and malignant leaderships, as well as the relationship between the cult of the leader, the adulation of the masses and the extension of individual authority beyond sheer power. They discuss idiosyncratic authority and oratory, and they address how political, social and regional variations help explain concepts and policies which helped forge and reformulate nations, national identities and movements. The chapters on particular charismatic leaders cover Abraham Lincoln, Kemal Atatürk, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Gamal Nasser, Jörg Haider and Nelson Mandela.
Political Leadership, Nations and Charisma will appeal to readers who are interested in history, sociology, political communication and nationalism studies.
We examine how two seemingly contradictory yet potentially complementary CEO traits—humility and narcissism—interact to affect firm innovation. We adopt a paradox perspective and propose that ...individuals can have paradoxical traits and that, in particular, humility and narcissism can coexist harmoniously, especially among the Chinese, whose philosophical tradition embraces paradoxical thinking and behaving. CEOs that are both humble and narcissistic are hypothesized to be more likely to have socialized charisma, to cultivate an innovative culture, and to deliver innovative performance. Two studies using multisource data involving 63 CEOs, 328 top managers, and 645 middle managers in Study 1 and 143 CEOs and 190 top managers in Study 2 support the hypotheses and point to new directions for studying CEO traits and their effects on firm outcomes.
The introduction to the special issue on 'charisma' offers a very brief overview of the development of the concept in the social sciences and various critiques and intersecting debates. It casts a ...close look at Max Weber's sometimes contradictory use of the concept and the different ways he conceptualized it in his sociology of religion and his sociology of domination. It then examines alternative theoretical approaches to 'charisma' that emerge in the course of the twentieth century before outlining this special issue's contribution to the conceptual debate and the individual articles' operationalization of the term by viewing charisma as relational, communicative, procedural, as well as related to ideas, practices, and objects.
Leadership theories in sociology and psychology argue that effective leaders influence follower behavior not only through the design of incentives and institutions, but also through personal ...abilities to persuade and motivate. Although charismatic leadership has received considerable attention in the management literature, existing research has not yet established causal evidence for an effect of leader charisma on follower performance in incentivized and economically relevant situations. We report evidence from field and laboratory experiments that investigate whether a leader’s charisma—in the form of a stylistically different motivational speech—can induce individuals to undertake personally costly but socially beneficial actions. In the field experiment, we find that workers who are given a charismatic speech increase their output by about 17% relative to workers who listen to a standard speech. This effect is statistically significant and comparable in size to the positive effect of high-powered financial incentives. We then investigate the effect of charisma in a series of laboratory experiments in which subjects are exposed to motivational speeches before playing a repeated public goods game. Our results reveal that a higher number of charismatic elements in the speech can increase public good contributions by up to 19%. However, we also find that the effectiveness of charisma varies and appears to depend on the social context in which the speech is delivered.
This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Grandiose narcissism has been associated with negative outcomes and research suggests its potential to predict positive and negative leadership behaviors. We examined perceived leader narcissism, ...attributed charisma, and voter choice in the context of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Narcissism was found to be negatively related to attributions of charisma and voter choice, and had an indirect effect on voter choice through attributed charisma. Value congruence moderated the relationship between attributed charisma and voter choice. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mixed results in earlier research regarding the relationship between perceived leader narcissism and attributed charisma, and highlights attributed charisma as an intervening factor in understanding leader selection.
•A negative relationship exists between leader narcissism and voter choice.•A negative relationship exists between leader narcissism and attributed charisma.•Leader narcissism and attributed charisma are both predictors of voter choice.•Charisma partially mediated the relationship between leader narcissism and voter choice for Clinton.•Value congruence strengthened the relationship between attributed charisma and voter choice for Trump.
Offering insights into the origins, successes, and threats to revolutionary constitutionalism, Bruce Ackerman takes us to India, South Africa, Italy, France, Poland, Burma, Israel, Iran, and the U.S. ...and provides a blow-by-blow account of the tribulations that confronted popular movements in their insurgent campaigns for constitutional democracy.
Communism, or as Ken Jowitt prefers, Leninism, has attracted,
repelled, mystified, and terrified millions for nearly a century.
In his brilliant, timely, and controversial study, New World
Disorder , ...Jowitt identifies and interprets the extraordinary
character of Leninist regimes, their political corruption,
extinction, and highly unsettling legacy. Earlier attempts to grasp
the essence of Leninism have treated the Soviet experience as
either a variant of or alien to Western history, an approach that
robs Leninism of much of its intriguing novelty. Jowitt instead
takes a "polytheist" approach, Weberian in tenor and terms,
comparing the Leninist to the liberal experience in the West,
rather than assimilating it or alienating it. Approaching the
Leninist phenomenon in these terms and spirit emphasizes how
powerful the imperatives set by the West for the rest of the world
are as sources of emulation, assimilation, rejection, and
adaptation; how unyielding premodern forms of identification,
organization, and action are; how novel, powerful, and dangerous
charisma as a mode of organized indentity and action can be. The
progression from essay to essay is lucid and coherent. The first
six essays reject the fundamental assumptions about social change
that inform the work of modernization theorists. Written between
1974 and 1990, they are, we know now, startingly prescient. The
last three essays, written in early 1991, are the most
controversial: they will be called alarmist, pessimistic,
apocalyptic. They challenge the complacent, optimistic, and
self-serving belief that the world is being decisively shaped in
the image of the West-that the end of history is at hand.
Everyday aesthetics, at its core, is based on the supposed dichotomy between art and life, considering life as something routine-like, and art as the breaking of the routine, something charismatic. ...Different authors of everyday aesthetics use different words to describe this dichotomy. For example, in his article “What is ‘Everyday’ in Everyday Aesthetics?”, Ossi Naukkarinen simply uses everydayness and non-everyday-like, while Arto Haapala, in his “On the Aesthetics of the Everyday: Familiarity, Strangeness, and the Meaning of Place” uses the terms familiarity and strangeness. The authors also propose different ways of bridging this dichotomy. However, as the paper shows, the real question is not how to bridge the dichotomy itself but rather whether the dichotomy exists in the first place. Moreover, the paper suggests a change of direction in future investigations of everyday aesthetics, and focusing on the nuances that exist on the routine-charisma and charismatic-routine spectrum, supported by academic research and the personal account of the paper’s author art project. Moreover, the implications of this shift extend beyond the boundaries of everyday aesthetics.
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