The meticulous revision by taxonomic experts of established alien species in the Mediterranean resulted in a major revision of the list proposed by Galil et al. (2016), with 73 species to be excluded ...(35 species categorised as non-established and 37 as not true aliens), and 72 species added to the list. Consequently, by year 2016 the total number of established alien species in the Mediterranean reached 613, which is a 28% increase over the preceding four years. If we also consider casual species (208 species), the total number of alien species in the Mediterranean is 821. This is attributed to: new findings, change in establishment status of species previously known on the basis of few and scattered records, and results of phylogenetic studies in some cosmopolitan species. However, the true number of alien species reported here is considered to be an underestimation, as it does not include phytoplanktonic organisms, Foraminifera, cryptogenic and species known on the basis of questionable records that might turn out to be true aliens. EASIN and INVASIVESNET can play a major role in the future revision/update of the present list, which currently serves for assessing indicators that are necessary for policy, and for management of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea. An increasing trend in new arrivals since 1950, which culminated in the 2001–2010 period, appeared to decline after 2010. Whether this negative trend is an indication of improvement, or is an artefact, remains to be seen. The current list provides a reliable updated database from which to continue monitoring the arrival and spread of invasive species in the Mediterranean, as well as to provide counsel to governmental agencies with respect to management and control. Current geographical, taxonomical and impact data gaps can be reduced only by instituting harmonised standards and methodologies for monitoring alien populations in all countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
Aims
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a global alliance of major (inter‐)national pathology and cancer organisations, is an initiative aimed at providing a unified ...international approach to reporting cancer. ICCR recently published new data sets for the reporting of invasive breast carcinoma, surgically removed lymph nodes for breast tumours and ductal carcinoma in situ, variants of lobular carcinoma in situ and low‐grade lesions. The data set in this paper addresses the neoadjuvant setting. The aim is to promote high‐quality, standardised reporting of tumour response and residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment that can be used for subsequent management decisions for each patient.
Methods
The ICCR convened expert panels of breast pathologists with a representative surgeon and oncologist to critically review and discuss current evidence. Feedback from the international public consultation was critical in the development of this data set.
Results
The expert panel concluded that a dedicated data set was required for reporting of breast specimens post‐neoadjuvant therapy with inclusion of data elements specific to the neoadjuvant setting as core or non‐core elements. This data set proposes a practical approach for handling and reporting breast resection specimens following neoadjuvant therapy. The comments for each data element clarify terminology, discuss available evidence and highlight areas with limited evidence that need further study. This data set overlaps with, and should be used in conjunction with, the data sets for the reporting of invasive breast carcinoma and surgically removed lymph nodes from patients with breast tumours, as appropriate. Key issues specific to the neoadjuvant setting are included in this paper. The entire data set is freely available on the ICCR website.
Conclusions
High‐quality, standardised reporting of tumour response and residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment are critical for subsequent management decisions for each patient.
The first International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) data set for the pathology reporting of resection specimens with invasive carcinoma of the breast in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy aims to promote high‐quality, standardised pathology reporting across the globe. The widespread adoption of a dedicated structured reporting data set for the neoadjuvant setting will promote high‐quality, standardised reporting of tumour response and residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment that can be used for subsequent management decisions for each patient.
Aims
Mesothelioma is a rare malignancy of the serosal membranes that is commonly related to exposure to asbestos. Despite extensive research and clinical trials, prognosis to date remains poor. ...Consistent, comprehensive and reproducible pathology reporting form the basis of all future interventions for an individual patient, but also ensures that meaningful data are collected to identify predictive and prognostic markers.
Methods and results
This article details the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) process and the development of the international consensus mesothelioma reporting data set. It describes the ‘core’ and ‘non‐core’ elements to be included in pathology reports for mesothelioma of all sites, inclusive of clinical, macroscopic, microscopic and ancillary testing considerations. An international expert panel consisting of pathologists and a medical oncologist produced a set of data items for biopsy and resection specimens based on a critical review and discussion of current evidence, and in light of the changes in the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumours. The commentary focuses particularly upon new entities such as mesothelioma in situ and provides background on relevant and essential ancillary testing as well as implementation of the new requirement for tumour grading.
Conclusion
We recommend widespread and consistent implementation of this data set, which will facilitate accurate reporting and enhance the consistency of data collection, improve the comparison of epidemiological data, support retrospective research and ultimately help to improve clinical outcomes. To this end, all data sets are freely available worldwide on the ICCR website (www.iccr‐cancer.org/data‐sets).
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) has developed an international consensus mesothelioma reporting data set which takes into account the recent updates to the WHO classification.
A new species of the genus Asuridia Hampson, 1900, Asuridia wushipheri sp. n. is described from the island of Taiwan. A diagnostic comparison is made with Asuridia huaphanha Bucsek, 2020, Asuridia ...nigrubra Huang, Volynkin & Wang, 2020 and Disasuridia rubida Fang, 1991. A new combination is established: Disasuridia ridibunda (Snellen, 1904), comb. n. The updated checklist of the genera Asuridia and Disasuridia Fang, 1991 are provided. Adults, and male and female genitalia of the species considered are illustrated.
Zusammenfassung
Der multiple Schlaflatenztest (MSLT) ist ein diagnostisches Instrument zur objektiven Bestimmung der Einschlafneigung am Tage. Er dient der Differentialdiagnostik der Narkolepsie, ...Hypersomnie und anderen Erkrankungen mit gesteigerter Tagesschläfrigkeit. Mittels Elektroenzephalographie, Elektromyographie des Kinns und Elektrookulographie werden in diesem Einschlaftest die durchschnittliche Einschlaflatenz sowie das Auftreten von REM-Schlaf, unter idealen Schlafbedingungen in einem abgedunkelten Raum mit der Aufforderung einzuschlafen, gemessen. Er wird tagsüber nach einer Polysomnographie in der vorausgehenden Nacht durchgeführt und besteht aus fünf standardisierten Testdurchgängen im Abstand von jeweils zwei Stunden. Medikamente, Schlafentzug sowie stimulierende Substanzen oder Aktivitäten können die Ergebnisse des Tests beeinflussen. Im Jahr 2021 wurde die MSLT-Leitlinie seitens der American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) aktualisiert. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die aktualisierte Richtlinie vor und kommentiert diese.
Abstract
The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) is a diagnostic tool for the objective measurement of sleep propensity during the day. It is used for the differential diagnosis of narcolepsy, hypersomnia and other disorders with increased daytime sleepiness. Using electroencephalography, electromyography of the chin, and electro-oculography, this sleep test measures the average latency to fall asleep and the occurrence of REM sleep under ideal sleep conditions in a darkened room and the request to fall asleep. The test is performed during the day following polysomnography the previous night and consists of five standardized recordings, each 2 h apart. Medication, sleep deprivation, and stimulating substances or activities may affect the results of the test. In 2021, the MSLT guideline was updated by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). This article presents the updated AASM guideline and comments on it.
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